摘要：This article analyses the relations between different modalities of political participation, using as empirical framework the cases of Brazil, Portugal and Chile. The data were taken from the International Social Survey Programme. This study included questions regarding 13 distinct modalities of political participation. The results corroborate theoretical propositions which define these modalities as converging. In this sense, the fact that a citizen takes part in one form of participation (among those studied) is usually a strong predictor of their engagement in another modality. Despite internal differences between the countries under analysis and the fact that the evidence was clearer in regard to Brazil and Portugal, the above statement applies to the entire universe of the study.
