摘要：The goal of the present study was showing a method for formation of the actions of multiplication and division on the basis of the proposal of the activity theory applied to teaching process (TALIZINA, SOLOVIEVA & QUINTANAR, 2010). The method was applied with a group of pupils on the second grade in a primary school from a small private school in Puebla town, Mexico. The structure of didactic content of parts from the principle of organization, direction and orientation of the teaching and learning process, created specifically for mathematics. We emphasize the necessity of formation of general systemic concepts (number concept and decimal system concept) to learn arithmetic operations and problem solutions. We discuss the necessity and viability of effective and approved in practice proposals related to the teaching of invariant elements of mathematic science (magnitude, measure and quantity of times) and relations among them for formation of multiplication, division operations and others. We conclude that the application of the method had positive effects on the pupil’s knowledge, has permitted the solution of different examples and even facilitated the solution of problems with arithmetic relations.
关键词：Arithmetic operations, Activity theory, Measure, Teaching of Mathematics.;Operaciones aritméticas;Teoría de la actividad;Medida;Enseñanza de las matemáticas;Operaciones aritméticas;Teoría de la actividad;Medida;Enseñanza de las matemáticas.
