摘要：This paper aims to contribute to the theoretical and methodological framework concerning research on childhood. Based on Benjamin, the text proposes the apprehension of the relationship of infancy, culture and society, relying both on anthropological and philosophical perspectives. In the first moment, the subject is examined in the context of the debates in the realm of Human Sciences, and the text underlies some challenges and illusions faced by researchers. Then, Brazilian recent academic literature is presented, focusing different perspectives on the main subject. On the third moment, the article analyzes aspects viewed as important for anthropological research: distance and proximity; acquaintance and unfamiliarity. At the end, based on Bakhtin’s and Vygotsky’s ideas, the text proposes some methodological directions related to childhood research.
