Supply-use tables for the United States.

Young, Jeffrey A. ; Howells, Thomas F., III ; Strassner, Erich H. 等

AS PART OF its ongoing efforts to enhance the relevance of the industry economic accounts (IEAs), the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) plans to begin releasing supply-use tables annually. These tables will be included as part of the annual revision of the IEAs, which typically is released every November. (1)

These supply-use tables will provide an integrated presentation of the total domestic supply of goods and services from both domestic and foreign producers and the use of this supply across the U.S. economy. These new tables will not replace any current BEA products. Instead, they will be a new, supplemental product that augments current IEA statistics.

Broadly speaking, the IEAs enable economists and others to study the internal workings of the U.S. economy, detailing in particular the contribution of specific industries and commodities to gross domestic product (GDP). These statistics measure and analyze the production of goods and services by industry, detailing the flows of goods and services purchased by each industry, the incomes earned from production in each industry, and the distribution of sales for each commodity.

Input-output (I-O) accounts have long been an essential component of the IEAs, underpinning all statistics and providing an accounting framework for developing measures of gross domestic product and other important indicators. (2)

Various frameworks can be used to present I-O accounts. BEAs featured set of accounts have traditionally been prepared using a make-use approach. This approach is similar to the supply-use approach recommended by global economic accounting standards, specifically the System of National Accounts 2008.

The supply-use approach has recently generated additional attention in part due to its applicability in analyzing global value chains (GVCs) and globalization in general. (3) In particular, trade-in-value-added (TiVA) statistics, in which GVCs are disaggregated into the value added contributed by each industry within each country across the global supply chain, are increasingly used for this purpose. (4) TiVA statistics are based on a large economic data infrastructure in which national I-O tables are linked together through bilateral international trade flows.

The publication of the new BEA supply-use tables marks the latest step in a long-standing effort to modernize and to improve the IEAs. These improvements have included an accelerated release schedule for the I-O accounts, full integration of the benchmark and annual I-O accounts with the annual statistics on GDP by industry and the national income and product accounts (NIPAs), and an expansion of the IEAs to include new products, such as quarterly GDP by industry statistics, the arts and cultural production satellite account, and the integrated industry-level production account, which is produced jointly by BEA and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. (5)

Looking ahead, BEA and international partners, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, plan to develop extended supply-use tables. (6) These extended tables will incorporate firm-level heterogeneity and other features into existing supply-use tables, which will allow for more accurate TiVA statistics as well as a better understanding of how much of the value added created within an economy is captured domestically or is repatriated to other countries. Work to develop these extended supply-use tables is being undertaken by BEA in collaboration with the Census Bureau.

The remainder of this briefing consists of three sections. The first section describes the supply-use framework. The second section details the methodology used to develop supply-use tables for the United States. The third section concludes with next steps to further harmonize the IEAs with international guidelines.

The Supply-Use Framework

The supply-use framework comprises two tables. The supply table presents the total domestic supply of goods and services from both domestic and foreign producers that are available for use in the domestic economy. The use table shows the use of this supply by domestic industries as intermediate inputs and by final users as well as value added by industry.

The supply table

Table 1 is a sector-level supply table. The table comprises two parts: a domestic supply at basic prices section and a valuation adjustment section. The domestic supply section (columns 1-18) forms the main body of the supply table and can be divided into two subsections: domestic output and imports. In the domestic output subsection (columns 1-16), industries appear across columns and commodities across rows, and each cell indicates the amount of each commodity that is produced domestically by each industry; the statistics in this subsection are valued at basic prices (see the box "Concepts of Valuation").

The import subsection (column 17) shows the commodity composition of imports. Imports are valued at the importers' customs frontier price, also known as the c.i.f. valuation. This price includes the cost of the product at foreign port value plus insurance and freight charges to move the product to the domestic port. Just as domestic taxes on products are excluded from the domestic output, import duties are also excluded from the import subsection.

Total domestic supply by commodity valued at basic prices (column 18) presents the sum of the domestic output and imports. The valuation adjustment section (columns 19-24) bridges the difference between total domestic supply at basic prices (column 18) and domestic supply at purchasers' prices (column 26). This section can also be divided into two subsections: the margin transformation subsection and the tax and subsidy subsection. The purpose of the margin transformation subsection (columns 19-21) is to adjust the allocation of transportation costs and wholesale and retail trade margins so that the value of these margins do not appear as their own rows but are instead allocated to the goods that are transported or resold by wholesalers and retailers. Each column in this subsection sums to zero, which confirms that these columns rearrange existing output without adding to, or subtracting from, it. The tax and subsidy subsection (columns 22-25) adds import duties and taxes on products and removes subsidies, thereby completing the transformation from basic prices to purchasers' prices.

The use table

Table 2 is a sector-level use table that is based on the supply-use framework. No distinction is made in this use table between imports and domestically produced output. This table comprises three sections: intermediate inputs, final demand, and value added. The intermediate inputs section (columns 1-16 and rows 1-18) forms the main body of the use table. Like the supply table, industries appear across columns and commodities across rows; however, in the use table, each cell indicates the amount of a commodity purchased by each industry as an intermediate input into the industry's production process. These commodities are valued at purchasers' prices, meaning that taxes, transportation costs, and wholesale and retail trade margins are embedded in the total along with the underlying value of the actual commodity purchased. Additionally, no distinction is made here or elsewhere in the use table between imports and domestically produced output. The final demand section (columns 17-21) presents expenditure-side components of GDP, including personal consumption expenditures, private investment, exports of goods and services, and government consumption expenditures and gross investment. Commodities appear across rows and final demand categories (rather than industries) appear across the columns. Final demand statistics are also valued at purchasers' prices.

Value added, or the income generated by production, appears in the value-added section (rows 19-26). This section can be divided into two subsections: value added at basic prices and value added at purchasers' prices. The first subsection (rows 19-22) shows value added by industry at basic prices. The primary components of value added are also shown; these components are returns to labor (compensation of employees), returns to capital (gross operating surplus), and returns to government (other taxes on production).

The value added at purchasers' prices subsection (rows 24-26) can be thought of as an addendum to the value added in the preceding rows. Value added at basic prices (row 22) plus taxes on products and imports (row 24) less subsidies (row 25) yields value added at purchasers' prices (row 26), which is also referred to as value added at market prices. This row is an important addition because the sum of value added at market prices across all industries is equal to GDP for the economy.

Column 22 in the use table shows the sum of both intermediate and final uses of each commodity valued at purchasers' prices. The values in this column match the total supply values in column 26 of the supply table. This equivalency--domestic supply equal to domestic use--is an accounting identity that, by definition, must hold true. The supply table captures the total amount of each commodity produced domestically or imported, and the columns of the use table are designed to capture all possible uses of that supply.

Similarly, row 23 in the use table shows the value of intermediate inputs at purchasers' prices plus value added at basic prices. The values in this row match total output by industry presented in the supply table. This equivalency--gross output equal to intermediate purchases plus value added--is also an accounting identity that must, by definition, hold true. One way to understand this accounting identity is to view the value of domestic output by industry as the revenue that the industry generates from current-period production. Some of this revenue is used up in the purchase of the intermediate inputs required to produce the output. The remaining revenue represents the industry's value added--the difference between the value of the industry's raw inputs and its finished products. A portion of this revenue is paid out as compensation to the industry's employees. Anything that remains goes to the business owners who use it to pay themselves, to pay taxes and fees owed to government, and to rent, buy, and maintain the capital necessary for the business to function.

Methodology

BEA's featured I-O accounts, the make and use tables, are an integral and essential element of the U.S. economic accounts (tables 3 and 4). They stand alone as an important source for detailed information on economic processes and relationships, they are the foundation on which all other statistics in the IEAs rely, and they are building blocks for BEA's other economic accounts, including the NIPAs.

The newly developed supply-use tables are not only similar to BEA's featured make-use framework, they are also fully consistent with that framework. The supply-use tables are not estimated or balanced independent of the make-use framework. Instead, the make-use framework serves as a starting point for the estimation process with adjustments, additions, and other transformations introduced to translate these tables into the supply-use framework.

Supply table. The first step in generating the supply table is to construct the domestic production matrix by transposing the make table (see table 3) and then by applying two adjustments to the make table values in order to adjust the valuation from producers' prices to basic prices. First, taxes on products must be removed from the domestic production matrix, including state and local government general sales taxes and both federal and state and local government excise taxes on fuel, alcohol, tobacco, and utilities. Other taxes on production, such as state and local government property taxes and federal and state and local government licensing fees, are not removed. In the make-use framework, no distinction is made between taxes on products and other taxes on production, and extensive research was required to identify and categorize the separate taxes into these two categories. (7) Second, subsidies are added to the domestic production matrix. Subsidies, which are monetary grants paid by government agencies to private business and to government enterprises, are assumed to be associated with the primary output of each industry. Subsidies on products are included in the supply valued at basic prices because that valuation is intended to capture the total amount ultimately received by the producer in exchange for its product. (8)

The next step in generating the supply table is to add the import subsection by reversing the sign on the import column in the use table on the make-use framework (table 4) and shifting it to the supply table. (9) Additionally, the valuation of imports must be compatible with that of the domestic production matrix. In the make-use framework, imports are valued at domestic port value, which is equivalent to the importer's customs frontier price, plus import duties. (10) Import duties, which are comparable with taxes on products in the domestic production matrix, must also be removed to arrive at domestic supply valued at basic prices. Estimates for these duties are calculated at a detailed, commodity level, according to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule for the United States.

Combining the domestic production matrix with the supply of total imports (both of which are adjusted to a basic price valuation) yields the total supply of products at basic prices. The total supply at basic prices is transformed into the total supply at purchasers' prices by applying the valuation adjustments in the supply table. First, the trade and transportation adjustment vectors are applied, which adds transportation costs and wholesale and retail trade margins to the products on which these charges are levied. Information on the distribution of these charges is estimated as part of the standard make-use framework. These values are aggregated by commodity with offsets in the transportation, wholesale trade, and retail trade commodity rows in order to form the margin adjustment vectors. Next, the transformation from basic prices to purchasers' prices is completed by adding back the taxes on products and customs duties that were removed from the domestic production matrix and import column and by removing the subsidies that were added to the domestic production matrix.

Use table. The structure of the proposed use table (on a supply-use framework) is nearly identical to the featured use table (on a make-use framework); both show the use of commodities by industries and by final users as well as the value added by industry. Though the structure of the two use tables is similar, there are several noteworthy differences. Imports are not included in the use table on a supply-use framework, but they are included in the use table on a make-use framework. Additionally, the statistics in the proposed use table are valued at purchasers' prices, while BEA's featured times series of use tables are valued at producers' prices. Valuation in purchasers' prices shows inputs to industries and final uses at values that reflect the actual cost to the user of the good or service, including the costs of transporting the good to the user as well as any wholesale and trade markups incurred while bringing the product to market.

Another noteworthy difference is that the value-added section of the proposed use table includes a presentation of value added at basic prices, which are calculated as the difference between total output at basic prices and intermediate consumption at purchasers' prices. Value added at basic prices includes three components: compensation of employees, other taxes on production, and gross operating surplus. Compensation of employees and gross operating surplus are identical to the treatment in the featured use table. Other taxes on production consists mainly of taxes on the ownership or use of land, buildings, or other assets (for example, property taxes and business licenses) or on the labor employed (for example, payroll taxes) in production. Taxes on products and imports and the exclusion of subsidies are not included in the calculation of value added at basic prices.

Finally, additional detail is provided to show value added at purchasers' prices. Displaying value added at purchasers' prices is achieved by starting with value added at basic prices and then including the value of taxes on products and imports and excluding the value of subsidies. This feature is included to illustrate that value added by industries is equal to GDP.

Next Steps

With the release of supply-use tables for the United States, BEA has taken an important step toward better harmonization of the IEAs with international guidelines. BEA plans to continue developing additional I-O products, including the following:

* The development and publication of supply-use tables, as defined by the International Standard Industrial Classification System (ISIC). This will lead to the introduction of industry statistics that are more useful for cross-country comparisons. The ISIC is the international standard for industry classification used by a number of International Institutions, including the OECD and the International Monetary Fund.

* The development and publication of extended supply-use tables based on criteria outlined by the OECD and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation working groups. These extended tables will reflect firm-level heterogeneity, such as domestic and foreign-ownership, and multinational/nonmultinational enterprise characteristics. (11) This project is an ongoing collaboration to better integrate BEA's international and industry data sets to provide better measures of economic globalization. The work to develop these tables will be based, in part, on future research conducted at the Census Bureau's Center for Economic Studies.

References

Fetzer, James, and Erich H. Strassner. 2015. "Identifying Heterogeneity in the Production Components of Globally Engaged Business Enterprises in the United States." Paper presented at the Conference of European Statisticians, Geneva, July 7-9, 2015.

Fleck, Susan, Steven Rosenthal, Matthew Russell, Erich H. Strassner and Lisa Usher. 2014. "A Prototype BEA/BLS Industry-Level Production Account for the United States." In Measuring Economic Sustainability and Progress, edited by Dale W. Jorgenson, J. Steven Landefeld, and Paul Schreyer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Houseman, Susan N., and Michael Mandel, editors. 2015. Measuring Globalization: Better Trade Statistics for Better Policy. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.

Kern, Paul V., David B. Wasshausen, and Steven L. Zemanek. 2015. "BEA Briefing: U.S. Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account, 1998-2012." SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 95 (January).

Kim, Donald D., Erich H. Strassner, and David B. Wasshausen. 2014. "Industry Economic Accounts: Results of the Comprehensive Revision Revised Statistics for 1997-2012." SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 94 (February). Lawson, Ann M., Brian C. Moyer, Sumiye Okubo, and Mark A. Planting. 2006. "Integrating Industry and National Economic Accounts: First Steps and Future Improvements." In A New Architecture for the U.S. National Accounts, edited by Dale W. Jorgenson, J. Steven Landefeld, and William D. Nordhaus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, for the National Bureau of Economic Research.

OECD Expert Group on Extended Supply-Use Tables. 2015. "Draft: Terms of Reference." BEA's Web site.

Strassner, Erich H., and David B. Wasshausen. 2014. "BEA Briefing: New Quarterly Gross Domestic Product by Industry Statistics." SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 94 (May).

By Jeffrey A. Young, Thomas F. Howells III, Erich H. Strassner, and David B. Wasshausen

Concepts of Valuation

Three central concepts of valuation connect the flows of goods and services: producers' price, basic price, and purchasers' price. These concepts differ in their treatment of taxes on products, subsidies, and trade and transport margins.

The producers' price is the total amount received by the producer from the purchasers' as a result of the sale of a unit of a good or service. It excludes transport charges separately invoiced by the producer.

The basic price is the total amount retained by the producer as a result of the sale. It is the price most relevant to the producers' decisionmaking process. This valuation is equal to the producers' price less taxes payable as a result of the sale or production of the good or service plus any subsidy receivable as a result of the sale or production of the good or service.

The purchasers' price is the total amount paid by the purchasers' in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service. It is the price most relevant to the purchasers' decisionmaking process. This valuation is equal to the producers' price plus any wholesale, retail, or transportation markups charged by intermediaries between the producer and purchasers'.

(1.) The release includes the integrated GDP by industry and I-O accounts and typically includes revised statistics for the 3 most recent years; for example, in November 2015, BEA will release the results of its annual revision of the IEAs for 2012-2014.

(2.) I-O tables have long been a core accounting framework for producing national economic accounts, with roots in a 1947 report prepared under the leadership of Richard Stone by a subcommittee of the League of Nations Committee of Statistical Experts. For the most recent update of international guidelines, see Commission of the European Communities, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, and the World Bank, System of National Accounts 2008 (Brussels/Luxembourg, New York, Paris, and Washington, DC, 2009).

(3.) See Houseman and Mandel (2015).

(4.) Official TiVA statistics are produced through a joint effort by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization. For more details, see Measuring Trade in Value Added on the OECD Web site.

(5.) See Strassner and Wasshausen (2014), Kim, Strassner, and Wasshausen (2014), Fleck, Rosenthal, Russell, Strassner, and Usher (2014), Kern, Wasshausen, and Zemanek (2015), and Lawson, Moyer, Okubo, and Planting (2006).

(6.) See OECD Expert Group on Extended Supply-Use Tables, "Draft: Terms of Reference" (2015).

(7.) Estimates of federal taxes are based on data from the Internal Revenue Service, from the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and receipts from the Monthly Treasury Statement. Estimates of state and local taxes are based on data from the Census Bureau's annual survey of state and local government finances. For additional details on how taxes are allocated to industries and products, see "Net Exports of Goods and Services" in Concepts and Methods of the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts.

(8.) In theory, only subsidies on products should be added to the table, and other subsidies on production should be excluded. Work to distinguish these two categories of subsidies is an area for future research.

(9.) The frame of reference in the make-use framework is domestic output. In that framework, imports appear in the use table as an offsetting adjustment to the value of imports embedded in the intermediate inputs and final use sections. The frame of reference in the supply-use framework is domestic supply, so rather than remove imports from the use table, imports are added to output to arrive at domestic supply

(10.) The customs frontier price is also referred to as the c.i.f price, and it includes the cost of the underlying product valued at the foreign port price plus insurance and freight charges incurred to move the product between the frontier of exporter and that of the importer. The c.i.f. price does not include duties on imports that become payable when goods enter the economic territory by crossing the frontier or when services are delivered to resident units by nonresident units.

(11.) See Fetzer and Strassner (2015).

Table 1. The Supply of Commodities, 2013
[Millions of dollars]

                                                    Industries


                                            Agriculture,
Commodities/Industries                       forestry,
                                             fishing,
                                            and hunting         Mining
                                               (1)                (2)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  484,747
Mining                                                         561,972
Utilities
Construction.                                    850            18,307
Manufacturing.                                    10            31,849
Wholesale trade                                                    582
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing
Professional and business services.                0               980
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services               1,478
Other services, except government
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                    487,085           613,690
                                            Industiries

                                                     Industries


Commodities/Industries                     Other services,    Government
                                          except government
                                                (14)              (15)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                                      4,105
Mining                                                             452
Utilities                                                      114,930
Construction.                                    390            16,287
Manufacturing.                                                   9,316
Wholesale trade                                  579
Retail trade                                   4,304             5,977
Transportation and warehousing                                  26,966
Information                                      281             3,221
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                      642            55,357
Professional and business services.            1,587           119,583
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                        43           290,809
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services               4,596            65,826
Other services, except government            571,363             4,142
Government                                                   2,729,278
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                                 4,810
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                                     3,097
Total supply (basic price                    583,785         3,454,156


                                                    Industries



Commodities/Industries

                                             Utilities      Construction
                                                 (3)             (4)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining                                            11
Utilities                                    360,880
Construction.                                  2,345         1,134,649
Manufacturing.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade                                      29
Transportation and warehousing                   590
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing
Professional and business services.              741               218
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services
Other services, except government
Government                                     1,843
Scrap, used and secondhand goods
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                    366,439         1,134,867



                                              Total
Commodities/Industries                    commodity output    Imports
                                           (basic price
                                               (16)            (17)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  489,777            51,211
Mining                                       563,336           291,868
Utilities                                    476,545             2,650
Construction.                              1,206,919
Manufacturing.                             5,763,022         1,727,725
Wholesale trade                            1,284,612
Retail trade                               1,224,315
Transportation and warehousing             1,010,720            25,418
Information                                1,192,284            10,045
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                5,122,719            49,968
Professional and business services.        3,664,712           105,943
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                 2,565,358             4,625
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services           1,166,727               914
Other services, except government            725,335             3,383
Government                                 2,731,121               421
Scrap, used and secondhand goods              11,307            14,945
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                   3,097           221,668
Total supply (basic price                 29,201,908         2,510,785


                                                     Industries



Commodities/Industries
                                                              Wholesale
                                           Manufacturing        trade
                                                (5)              (6)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                                         816
Mining                                             710
Utilities
Construction.                                    4,722            4,361
Manufacturing.                               5,691,358            8,308
Wholesale trade                                 54,313        1,218,088
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing                                    1,319
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                         84           10,533
Professional and business services.            160,013           20,601
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                                            0
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services
Other services, except government                   84           57,096
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                 4,969
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                    5,916,253        1,321,122


                                                Valuation adjustment

                                               Total
Commodities/Industries                    commodity supply      Trade
                                            (basic price       margins
                                              (18)             (19)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                    540,989           96,688
Mining                                         855,204            8,499
Utilities                                      479,195
Construction.                                1,206,919
Manufacturing.                               7,490,747        2,120,379
Wholesale trade                              1,284,612       -1,193,290
Retail trade                                 1,224,315       -1,218,764
Transportation and warehousing               1,036,139
Information                                  1,202,330           92,428
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                  5,172,687
Professional and business services.          3,770,655
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                   2,569,983
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             1,167,640
Other services, except government              728,717
Government                                   2,731,542
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                26,252           94,059
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                   224,766
Total supply (basic price                   31,712,693                0


                                                   Industries



Commodities/Industries                                       Transpor-
                                                            tation and
                                          Retail trade      warehousing
                                                 (7)               (8)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                       109                0
Mining
Utilities                                                          736
Construction.                                   4,726              536
Manufacturing.                                 18,608
Wholesale trade                                                    106
Retail trade                                1,184,907               42
Transportation and warehousing                  4,005          977,283
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                    10,888              590
Professional and business services.             4,863            2,741
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                        757               28
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services               32,922              381
Other services, except government              85,502              207
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                   1,347,288          982,650

                                              Valuation adjustment
                                                           Total trade
                                                           margins and
Commodities/Industries                    Transportation  transportation
                                              costs             costs
                                               (20)              (21)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                    48,560          145,249
Mining                                         62,946           71,445
Utilities
Construction.
Manufacturing.                                252,978        2,373,357
Wholesale trade                                             -1,193,290
Retail trade                                                -1,218,764
Transportation and warehousing               -402,200         -402,200
Information                                     5,830           98,258
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing
Professional and business services.
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services
Other services, except government
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods               31,885          125,944
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                           0                0

                                                   Industries

                                                             Finance,
                                                            insurance,
Commodities/Industries                                     real estate
                                                           rental, and
                                           Information       leasing
                                                (9)            (10)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining
Utilities
Construction.                                  1,603             11,482
Manufacturing.                                 1,035
Wholesale trade                                4,927                 72
Retail trade                                   1,571              1,622
Transportation and warehousing                                      558
Information                                1,159,274
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                    3,936          5,020,382
Professional and business services.          233,998             16,169
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                     1,329                  3
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                  69                 49
Other services, except government              1,817              1,702
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                  1,409,559          5,052,038

                                                Valuation adjustment

                                                                Tax
Commodities/Industries                    Import duties     on products

                                              (22)             (23)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                       37              4,311
Mining                                            75             24,952
Utilities                                                        20,163
Construction.
Manufacturing.                                35,281            303,885
Wholesale trade                                                     198
Retail trade                                                        112
Transportation and warehousing                                   16,037
Information                                        1             37,413
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                                      30,082
Professional and business services.                              26,874
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                                        3,167
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                                 51,817
Other services, except government                  5             15,289
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                  25              9,819
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                     35,424            544,117

                                                  Industries

                                                            Educational
                                                             services,
Commodities/Industries                    Professionals    health care,
                                           and business     and social
                                             services       assistance
                                               (11)            (12)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining                                           192
Utilities
Construction.                                  2,090            2,103
Manufacturing.                                 2,537
Wholesale trade                                5,945
Retail trade                                   6,633           11,883
Transportation and warehousing
Information                                   29,226
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                      911            6,236
Professional and business services.        3,057,087           39,414
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                     1,384        2,269,391
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                   7           22,218
Other services, except government              1,226               12
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods               1,406
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                  3,108,643        2,351,257

                                               Valuation adjustment

                                                            Total tax
Commodities/Industries                     Subsidies      less subsidies
                                                            on products
                                               (24)            (25)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                    9,301           -4,954
Mining                                                         25,026
Utilities                                                      20,163
Construction.
Manufacturing.                                   484          338,682
Wholesale trade                                                   198
Retail trade                                       0              112
Transportation and warehousing                 2,241           13,796
Information                                      395           37,019
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                   19,103           10,979
Professional and business services.                            26,874
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                     3,642             -475
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                               51,817
Other services, except government                              15,294
Government                                    24,997          -24,997
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                                9,843
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                     60,163          519,378

                                              Industries
                                                 Arts,
                                             entertainment,
                                              recreation,
Commodities/Industries                       accommodation,
                                               and food
                                               services
                                                 (13)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining
Utilities
Construction.                                    2,469
Manufacturing.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade                                     7,346
Transportation and warehousing
Information                                        282
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                     13,162
Professional and business services.              6,716
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                       1,614
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             1,039,181
Other services, except government                2,184
Government
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                   122
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment
Total supply (basic price                    1,073,076



                                                Total
Commodities/Industries                     commodity supply
                                          (purchasers' prices)
                                                 (26)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                    681,283
Mining                                         951,676
Utilities                                      499,358
Construction.                                1,206,919
Manufacturing.                              10,202,787
Wholesale trade                                 91,520
Retail trade                                     5,663
Transportation and warehousing                 647,735
Information                                  1,337,607
Finance, insurance, real estate, rental,
and leasing                                  5,183,666
Professional and business services.          3,797,530
Educational services, health care,
and social
assistance                                   2,569,508
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             1,219,458
Other services, except government              744,012
Government                                   2,706,545
Scrap, used and secondhand goods               162,040
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                   224,766
Total supply (basic price                   32,232,072

Table 2. The Use of Commodities (Supply-Use Framework), 2013
[Millions of dollars]

                                                    Industries
                                         Agriculture,
                                          forestry,
     Commodities/Industries                fishing,         Mining
                                         and hunting
Row                                          (1)              (2)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                           109,806             202
 2   Mining                                  3,374          64,598
 3   Utilities                               4,168           3,563
 4   Construction.                           2,657           5,770
 5   Manufacturing                          99,801          57,011
 6   Wholesale trade                         2,275             332
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing          1,759             997
 9   Information                               455             974
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                    19,250          17,337
11   Professional and business services      5,351          37,507
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                     431               0
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.         512             981
14   Other services, except government       1,041             732
15   Government                                 43               6
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods          -37             190
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment              814           1,039
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  251,699         191,239
19   Compensation of employees.             50,616          92,833
20   Other taxes on production               8,893          24,330
21   Gross operating surplus               175,878         305,288
22   Value added (basic priceses           235,386         422,450
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                        487,085         613,690
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                   550          16,948
25   Less: Subsidies.                        9,301
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       226,635         439,398

                                                    Industries
                                          Educational         Arts,
                                           services,     entertainment,
     Commodities/Industries              health care,     recreation,
                                          and social     accommodation
                                          assistance   and food services
Row                                          (12)            (13)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             1,330           8,770
 2   Mining                                    592           1,417
 3   Utilities                              25,255          10,772
 4   Constru ction                           2,887           2,330
 5   Manufacturing                         226,950         176,683
 6   Wholesale trade                           522              85
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing         18,112           8,635
 9   Information                            29,652           9,705
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                   317,400          94,461
11   Professional and business services    248,020         137,186
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                  24,929           1,936
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services       31,806          27,913
14   Other services, except government      35,959          11,781
15   Government                              7,037           6,374
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods          635             171
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment              867           3,022
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  971,953         501,243
19   Compensation of employees           1,155,070         380,338
20   Other taxes on production              31,037          28,449
21   Gross operating surplus               193,197         163,046
22   Value added (basic prices           1,379,304         571,833
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                      2,351,257       1,073,076
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                 4,690          49,886
25   Less: Subsidies                         3,642
26   Value added (purchasers' prices     1,380,352         621,719

                                                    Industries


     Commodities/Industries                Utilities   Construction

Row                                           (3)           (4)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                                 0         2,468
 2   Mining                                 42,546        15,971
 3   Utilities                               2,191         2,192
 4   Construction.                           3,257           154
 5   Manufacturing                          27,524       403,670
 6   Wholesale trade                         1,319            12
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing          5,831           978
 9   Information                             1,027         4,180
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                     8,346        30,172
11   Professional and business services     13,926        44,182
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                      97            18
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.       1,879         2,277
14   Other services, except government         525         4,804
15   Government                                336            26
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods          215           881
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment              922         2,961
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  109,940       514,944
19   Compensation of employees.             72,568       390,384
20   Other taxes on production              38,220         7,817
21   Gross operating surplus               145,711       221,722
22   Value added (basic priceses           256,499       619,923
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                        366,439     1,134,867
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                20,163
25   Less: Subsidies.
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       276,662       619,923


                                                    Industries

                                             Other
     Commodities/Industries                 services,
                                             except     Government
                                           government
Row                                           (14)         (15)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                                98         4,025
 2   Mining                                    540        23,802
 3   Utilities                               3,593        29,092
 4   Constru ction                           3,353        67,644
 5   Manufacturing                          65,717       438,836
 6   Wholesale trade                            34            24
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing          3,638        49,547
 9   Information                             8,325        77,801
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                    75,651       137,787
11   Professional and business services     38,875       268,699
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                   2,213        32,838
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services        3,565        34,370
14   Other services, except government       6,252        27,677
15   Government                              1,672         9,392
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods       10,377            -2
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment              344        16,518
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  224,246     1,218,051
19   Compensation of employees             261,054     1,759,324
20   Other taxes on production               9,523             0
21   Gross operating surplus                88,962       476,780
22   Value added (basic prices             359,539     2,236,105
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                        583,785     3,454,156
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                 9,769           538
25   Less: Subsidies                                      24,997
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       369,308     2,211,646

                                                    Industries


     Commodities/Industries              Manufacturing  Wholesale trade

Row                                          (5)              (6)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             330,045          1,857
 2   Mining                                  608,263             57
 3   Utilities                                55,702          4,641
 4   Construction.                            14,645          1,491
 5   Manufacturing                         2,240,358         50,563
 6   Wholesale trade                          26,819         33,422
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing           21,276         59,937
 9   Information                              24,210         15,982
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                      83,235         97,777
11   Professional and business services      414,385        191,284
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                        65            965
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.        21,147          8,474
14   Other services, except government        16,656         17,681
15   Government                                5,464         10,036
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods         30,709              1
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment             18,871          4,062
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  3,911,850        498,230
19   Compensation of employees.              932,479        467,630
20   Other taxes on production                60,592         25,639
21   Gross operating surplus               1,011,332        329,623
22   Value added (basic priceses           2,004,403        822,892
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                        5,916,253      1,321,122
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                  24,562        175,604
25   Less: Subsidies.                            484
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       2,028,481        998,496

                                                         Final demand

                                             Total
                                          intermediate
     Commodities/Industries                   use          Personal
                                         (purchasers'     consumption
                                            prices)      expenditures
Row                                           (16)           (17)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             465,513        131,745
 2   Mining                                  770,851            700
 3   Utilities                               240,200        257,189
 4   Constru ction                           241,677
 5   Manufacturing                         4,446,840      3,412,159
 6   Wholesale trade                          90,517
 7   Retail trade                              2,721          2,941
 8   Transportation and warehousing          415,586        156,331
 9   Information                             557,163        535,919
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                   2,218,888      2,681,848
11   Professional and business services    2,684,780        222,391
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                    72,190      2,492,622
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services        281,067        929,202
14   Other services, except government       211,354        532,340
15   Government                               86,188         72,393
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods         47,492        141,131
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment            120,205        -84,558
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                 12,953,233     11,484,354
19   Compensation of employees             8,853,634
20   Other taxes on production               582,903
21   Gross operating surplus               6,812,137
22   Value added (basic prices            16,248,674
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                       29,201,908
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                 579,541
25   Less: Subsidies                          60,163
26   Value added (purchasers' prices      16,768,053


                                                 Industries


     Commodities/Industries              Retail trade   Transportaion
                                                       and warehousing
Row                                           (7)           (8)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             4,127             107
 2   Mining                                     60           2,159
 3   Utilities                              10,797           5,912
 4   Construction.                           3,000           4,502
 5   Manufacturing                          68,739         224,675
 6   Wholesale trade                        17,668             115
 7   Retail trade                            2,721
 8   Transportation and warehousing         66,699         101,826
 9   Information                            19,633           5,121
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                   151,892          69,952
11   Professional and business services    166,368          58,895
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                   7,053              60
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.       6,273           3,012
14   Other services, except government      12,132           4,803
15   Government                              6,693          13,035
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods           25           3,965
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment            2,380          16,871
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  546,261         515,010
19   Compensation of employees.            529,219         282,681
20   Other taxes on production              30,097          13,912
21   Gross operating surplus               241,711         171,046
22   Value added (basic priceses           801,027         467,640
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                      1,347,288         982,650
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                               170,330          16,040
25   Less: Subsidies.                            0           2,241
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       971,357         481,439

                                              Final demand



     Commodities/Industries                Private          Change
                                            fixed         in private
                                          investment      inventories
Row                                          (18)            (19)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                            13,867
 2   Mining                                141,804            -640
 3   Utilities
 4   Constru ction                         696,874
 5   Manufacturing                         983,582          54,080
 6   Wholesale trade
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing
 9   Information                           148,082           1,036
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                   106,041
11   Professional and business services    568,421
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services        4,287
14   Other services, except government
15   Government
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods      -81,807           5,718
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment            6,633
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                2,573,918          74,061
19   Compensation of employees
20   Other taxes on production
21   Gross operating surplus
22   Value added (basic prices
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports
25   Less: Subsidies
26   Value added (purchasers' prices

                                                Industries
                                                           Finance,
                                                       insurance, real
     Commodities/Industries              Information   estate, rental,
                                                         and leasing
Row                                          (9)            (10)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                                  2            64
 2   Mining                                     379         5,352
 3   Utilities                                4,326        68,779
 4   Construction.                            2,699       125,430
 5   Manufacturing                          121,258        67,872
 6   Wholesale trade                          1,674         6,169
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing          14,309        21,635
 9   Information                            236,095        53,790
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                     69,692       815,346
11   Professional and business services     151,424       401,060
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                      820            38
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.       34,270        41,939
14   Other services, except government       10,725        29,521
15   Government                               2,427        14,963
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods             3           -32
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment            13,947        28,680
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                   664,048     1,680,605
19   Compensation of employees.             286,126       761,682
20   Other taxes on production               12,332       267,789
21   Gross operating surplus                447,053     2,341,963
22   Value added (basic priceses            745,511     3,371,433
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                       1,409,559     5,052,038
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                 34,069        29,407
25   Less: Subsidies.                           395        19,103
26   Value added (purchasers' prices        779,185     3,381,737

                                                 Final demand

                                                         Government
                                                        consumption
     Commodities/Industries                Exports of   expenditures
                                           goods and     and gross
                                            services     investment
Row                                           (20)          (21)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             70,158
 2   Mining                                  38,961
 3   Utilities                                1,969
 4   Constru ction                              113       268,254
 5   Manufacturing                        1,173,631       132,495
 6   Wholesale trade                          1,002
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing          75,818
 9   Information                             88,311         7,096
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                    176,887
11   Professional and business services     140,055       181,883
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                    4,697
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services         4,902
14   Other services, except government          318
15   Government                                 372     2,547,591
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods        42,917         6,589
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment           182,486
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                 2,002,596     3,143,909
19   Compensation of employees
20   Other taxes on production
21   Gross operating surplus
22   Value added (basic prices
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports
25   Less: Subsidies
26   Value added (purchasers' prices


                                           Industries

                                           Professional
     Commodities/Industries                and business
                                             services
Row                                            (11)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                               2,611
 2   Mining                                    1,740
 3   Utilities                                 9,216
 4   Construction.                             1,858
 5   Manufacturing                           177,184
 6   Wholesale trade                              48
 7   Retail trade
 8   Transportation and warehousing           40,409
 9   Information                              70,212
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                     230,589
11   Professional and business services      507,621
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                       726
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services.        62,648
14   Other services, except government        31,065
15   Government                                8,685
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods            392
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment              8,909
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                  1,153,915
19   Compensation of employees.            1,431,632
20   Other taxes on production                24,274
21   Gross operating surplus                 498,822
22   Value added (basic priceses           1,954,728
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)                        3,108,643
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports                                  26,985
25   Less: Subsidies.
26   Value added (purchasers' prices       1,981,713



                                           Total use of
     Commodities/Industries                commodities
                                           (purchasers'
                                              prices)
Row                                            (22)

 1   Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
     and hunting                             681,283
 2   Mining                                  951,676
 3   Utilities                               499,358
 4   Constru ction                         1,206,919
 5   Manufacturing                        10,202,787
 6   Wholesale trade                          91,520
 7   Retail trade                              5,663
 8   Transportation and warehousing          647,735
 9   Information                           1,337,607
10   Finance, insurance, real estate,
     rental, and leasing                   5,183,666
11   Professional and business services    3,797,529
12   Educational services, health care,
     and social assistance                 2,569,508
13   Arts, entertainment, recreation,
     accommodation, and food services      1,219,458
14   Other services, except government       744,012
15   Government                            2,706,545
16   Scrap, used and secondhand goods        162,040
17   Noncomparable imports and
     rest-of-the-world adjustment            224,766
18   Total intermediate inputs
     (purchasers' prices)                 32,232,072
19   Compensation of employees
20   Other taxes on production
21   Gross operating surplus
22   Value added (basic prices
23   Total industry output
     (basic prices)
24   Plus: Taxes on products and
     imports
25   Less: Subsidies
26   Value added (purchasers' prices

Table 3. The Make of Commodities, 2013
[Millions of dollars]

                                                     Industries

Industries/Commodities                       Agriculture,
                                               forestry,
                                               fishing,
                                             and hunting      Mining
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  475,995
Mining                                                       578,920
Utilities.                                                        11
Construction
Manufacturing                                                    710
Wholesale trade                                  816
Retail trade
                                                 109
Transportation and warehousing                     0
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing
Professional and business services                               192
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services
Other services, except government
Government                                     4,105             452
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                            481,026         580,284


                                                    Industries
                                             Finance,
Industries/Commodities                      insurance,
                                           real estate,    Professional
                                              rental,      and business
                                           and leasing       services
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                        0
Mining.                                                          980
Utilities                                                        741
Construction                                                     218
Manufacturing                                     84         160,013
Wholesale trade                               10,899          20,667
Retail trade                                  11,244           4,886
Transportation and warehousing                   603           2,761
Information                                    4,062         234,896
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                        5,030,057          16,336
Professional and business services               920       3,082,771
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                          6,630          39,414
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services              13,191           6,728
Other services, except government                650           1,591
Government                                    55,357         119,583
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                          5,133,698       3,691,586

                                                   Industries

Industries/Commodities


                                          Utilities     Construction
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                                    850
Mining                                                      18,307
Utilities.                                381,043            2,345
Construction                                             1,134,649
Manufacturing                                                4,722
Wholesale trade                                              4,361
Retail trade                                                 4,726
Transportation and warehousing                736              536
Information                                                  1,603
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                                         11,482
Professional and business services                           2,090
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                                        2,103
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                             2,469
Other services, except government                              390
Government                                114,930           16,287
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                         496,708        1,206,919


                                                 Industries
                                                             Arts,
Industries/Commodities                  Educational      entertainment,
                                     services, health     recreation,
                                     care, and social    accommodation,
                                        assistance     and food services
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  1,478
Mining.
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade                                 0
Retail trade                                  762           35,351
Transportation and warehousing                 29              388
Information                                 1,332               74
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                             3               71
Professional and business services          1,399                7
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                   2,268,897           22,992
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services            1,610        1,087,259
Other services, except government              43            4,850
Government                                290,809           66,073
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                       2,564,883        1,218,544

                                                 Industries

Industries/Commodities


                                      Manufacturing     Wholesale trade
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                   10
Mining                                    31,849                582
Utilities.
Construction
Manufacturing                          5,715,437             54,313
Wholesale trade                            8,308          1,390,931
Retail trade                              18,608
Transportation and warehousing                                  109
Information                                1,035              5,501
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                                              75
Professional and business services         2,537              6,031
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services
Other services, except government                               595
Government                                 9,316
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                      5,787,100          1,458,137

                                                 Industries

Industries/Commodities
                                      Other services,     Government
                                     except government

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining.
Utilities                                                     1,843
Construction
Manufacturing                                 84
Wholesale trade                           59,423
Retail trade                              89,289
Transportation and warehousing               211
Information                                1,855
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                        1,790
Professional and business services         1,231
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                         12
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services           2,235
Other services, except government        580,169
Government                                 4,324          2,704,281
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                        740,624          2,706,124

                                                 Industries

Industries/Commodities

                                                       Transportation
                                       Retail trade   and warehousing

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining
Utilities.                                    29            590
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade                                           1,320
Retail trade                           1,348,636          4,007
Transportation and warehousing                58        991,018
Information                                2,282
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                        1,970            559
Professional and business services         7,525
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                     12,257
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services           9,065
Other services, except government          4,984
Government                                 6,028         27,023
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                      1,392,835      1,024,517


                                                 Industries

Industries/Commodities                                 Noncomparable
                                       Scrap, used,     imports and
                                     and secondhand  rest-of-the-world
                                          goods         adjustment

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                                478,334
Mining.
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing                              4,969
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing
Professional and business services         1,406
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             122
Other services, except government
Government                                 4,810          3,097
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                         11,307          3,097

                                       Industries

Industries/Commodities


                                      Information
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining
Utilities.
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information                            1,190,592
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing
Professional and business services        29,520
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             282
Other services, except government            282
Government                                 3,221
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                      1,223,897


                                       Industries
                                         Total
Industries/Commodities                  industry
                                         output
                                       (producer
                                         prices)
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting
Mining.                                  630,638
Utilities                                386,602
Construction                           1,134,867
Manufacturing                          5,940,332
Wholesale trade                        1,496,726
Retail trade                           1,517,618
Transportation and warehousing           996,450
Information                            1,443,233
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                    5,062,342
Professional and business services     3,135,628
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                  2,352,305
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services       1,122,962
Other services, except government        593,554
Government                             3,429,697
Total commodity output
(producer prices)                     29,721,286

Table 4. The Use of Commodities (Make-Use Framework), 2013
[Millions of dollars]

                                                   Industries

Commodities/Industries                     Agriculture,
                                             forestry,
                                             fishing,
                                           and hunting       Mining

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                   94,325            160
Mining                                         2,473         54,705
Utilities                                      4,168          3,563
Construction                                   2,657          5,770
Manufacturing                                 83,010         48,039
Wholesale trade                               24,367          7,729
Retail trade                                     185            210
Transportation and warehousing                12,661         12,321
Information                                      453            973
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                           19,250         17,337
Professional and business services             5,351         37,507
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                            431              0
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                 512            982
Other services, except government              1,041            732
Government                                        43              6
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                 -40            164
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                     814          1,040
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                            251,699        191,239
Compensation of employees                     50,616         92,833
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                                   141         41,278
Gross operating surplus                      175,878        305,288
Total value added (producer prices)          226,635        439,398
Total industry output
(producer prices)                            478,334        630,638

                                                    Industries

Commodities/Industries                        Arts,
                                         entertainment,       Other
                                           recreation,       services,
                                         accommodation,       except
                                        and food services   government

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                    7,517             81
Mining                                         1,163            454
Utilities                                     10,772          3,593
Construction                                   2,330          3,353
Manufacturing                                142,084         50,845
Wholesale trade                               23,004          8,580
Retail trade                                   7,389          4,995
Transportation and warehousing                14,748          5,512
Information                                    9,577          8,223
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                           94,461         75,651
Professional and business services           137,186         38,875
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                          1,936          2,213
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services              27,913          3,565
Other services, except government             11,781          6,252
Government.                                    6,374          1,672
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                 -15         10,039
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                   3,022            344
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                            501,243        224,246
Compensation of employees                    380,338        261,054
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                                78,335         19,292
Gross operating surplus                      163,046         88,962
Total value added (producer prices)          621,719        369,308
Total industry output
(producer prices)                          1,122,962        593,554


                                                 Industries

Commodities/Industries


                                          Utilities    Construction

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                     0          1,939
Mining                                     33,987         10,292
Utilities                                   2,191          2,192
Construction                                3,257            154
Manufacturing                              23,886        269,116
Wholesale trade                             4,214         45,363
Retail trade                                  305         77,143
Transportation and warehousing             14,884         19,355
Information                                 1,025          4,177
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                         8,346         30,172
Professional and business services         13,926         44,182
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                          97             18
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services            1,879          2,277
Other services, except government             525          4,804
Government                                    336             26
Scrap, used and secondhand goods              160            774
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                  922          2,961
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                         109,940        514,944
Compensation of employees                  72,568        390,384
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                             58,383          7,817
Gross operating surplus                   145,711        221,722
Total value added (producer prices)       276,662        619,923
Total industry output
(producer prices)                         386,602      1,134,867


                                         Industries

Commodities/Industries
                                                         Total
                                                      intermediate
                                         Government  use (producer
                                                        prices)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                 2,663        389,891
Mining                                     18,612        698,562
Utilities                                  29,092        240,200
Construction                               67,644        241,677
Manufacturing                             383,791      3,711,464
Wholesale trade                            46,384        648,278
Retail trade                                  596        128,054
Transportation and warehousing             65,677        644,228
Information                                76,332        543,301
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                       137,787      2,218,888
Professional and business services        268,699      2,684,780
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                      32,838         72,190
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services           34,370        281,067
Other services, except government          27,677        211,354
Government.                                 9,392         86,188
Scrap, used and secondhand goods              -22         32,906
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment               16,518        120,205
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                       1,218,051     12,953,233
Compensation of employees               1,759,324      8,853,634
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                            -24,459      1,102,282
Gross operating surplus                   476,780      6,812,137
Total value added (producer prices)     2,211,646
Total industry output
(producer prices)                       3,429,697

                                                 Industries

Commodities/Industries


                                        Manufacturing   Wholesale trade

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                275,162           1,584
Mining                                     568,596              50
Utilities                                   55,702           4,641
Construction                                14,645           1,491
Manufacturing                            1,948,788          42,100
Wholesale trade                            286,372          39,730
Retail trade                                12,983             765
Transportation and warehousing             147,606          61,656
Information                                 24,178          15,933
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                         83,235          97,777
Professional and business services         414,385         191,284
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                           65             965
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services            21,147           8,474
Other services, except government           16,656          17,681
Government                                   5,464          10,036
Scrap, used and secondhand goods            17,996               0
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                18,871           4,062
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                        3,911,850         498,230
Compensation of employees                  932,479         467,630
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                              84,670         201,243
Gross operating surplus                  1,011,332         329,623
Total value added (producer prices)      2,028,481         998,496
Total industry output
(producer prices)                        5,940,332       1,496,726



Commodities/Industries

                                          Personal
                                         consumption       Private
                                        expenditures   fixed investment

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                 74,556
Mining                                         358         141,722
Utilities                                  257,189
Construction                                               696,874
Manufacturing                            1,877,472         784,169
Wholesale trade                            434,494         158,065
Retail trade                             1,217,104          47,677
Transportation and warehousing             248,257          28,866
Information                                475,917         130,232
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                      2,681,848         106,041
Professional and business services         222,391         568,421
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                    2,492,622
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services           929,202           4,287
Other services, except government          532,340
Government.                                 72,393
Scrap, used and secondhand goods            52,769         -99,069
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment               -84,558           6,633
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies
Gross operating surplus
Total value added (producer prices)
Total industry output
(producer prices)                       11,484,354       2,573,918

                                                Industries

Commodities/Industries

                                                         Transportation
                                         Retail trade   and warehousing

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  3,193             92
Mining                                          57          2,015
Utilities                                   10,797          5,912
Construction                                 3,000          4,502
Manufacturing                               53,835        182,284
Wholesale trade                             26,436         34,180
Retail trade                                 7,369          5,196
Transportation and warehousing              69,156        105,987
Information                                 19,604          5,111
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                        151,892         69,952
Professional and business services         166,368         58,895
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                        7,053             60
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             6,273          3,012
Other services, except government           12,132          4,803
Government                                   6,693         13,035
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                21          3,102
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                 2,380         16,871
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                          546,261        515,010
Compensation of employees                  529,219        282,681
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                             200,427         27,712
Gross operating surplus                    241,711        171,046
Total value added (producer prices)        971,357        481,439
Total industry output
(producer prices)                        1,517,618        996,450



Commodities/Industries

                                            Change        Exports
                                          in private   of goods and
                                         inventories     services

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                 13,387         54,440
Mining                                        -308         31,893
Utilities                                                   1,969
Construction                                                  113
Manufacturing                               46,542      1,011,760
Wholesale trade                              6,996        162,349
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing               1,553        124,239
Information                                    820         78,023
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                                       176,887
Professional and business services                        140,055
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                                       4,697
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services                            4,902
Other services, except government                             318
Government.                                                   372
Scrap, used and secondhand goods             5,071         28,095
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                              182,486
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies
Gross operating surplus
Total value added (producer prices)
Total industry output
(producer prices)                           74,061      2,002,596

                                                   Industries
                                                            Finance,
Commodities/Industries                                     insurance,
                                                          real estate,
                                                          rental, and
                                          Information       leasing

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                       1              49
Mining                                          301           4,060
Utilities                                     4,326          68,779
Construction                                  2,699         125,430
Manufacturing                               102,113          52,529
Wholesale trade                              26,605          13,307
Retail trade                                    418           6,303
Transportation and warehousing               18,489          24,931
Information                                 225,790          53,703
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                          69,692         815,346
Professional and business services          151,424         401,060
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                           820              38
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             34,270          41,939
Other services, except government            10,725          29,521
Government                                    2,427          14,963
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                  1             -32
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                 13,947          28,680
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                           664,048       1,680,605
Compensation of employees                   286,126         761,682
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                               46,006         278,093
Gross operating surplus                     447,053       2,341,963
Total value added (producer prices)         779,185       3,381,737
Total industry output
(producer prices)                         1,443,233       5,062,342



Commodities/Industries
                                                          Government
                                            Imports       consumption
                                           of goods    expenditures and
                                         and services  gross investment

Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                 -51,248
Mining                                     -291,943
Utilities                                    -2,650
Construction                                                268,254
Manufacturing                            -1,763,007         118,700
Wholesale trade                              35,424          12,532
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing              -25,418           2,793
Information                                 -10,047           5,652
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                         -49,968
Professional and business services         -105,943         181,883
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                        -4,625
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services               -914
Other services, except government            -3,388
Government.                                    -421       2,547,591
Scrap, used and secondhand goods            -14,969           6,503
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment               -221,668
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies
Gross operating surplus
Total value added (producer prices)
Total industry output
(producer prices)                        -2,510,785       3,143,909

                                                   Industries
                                                          Educational
Commodities/Industries                                     services,
                                          Professional    health care,
                                          and business    and social
                                            services      assistance
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                   2,030           1,094
Mining                                        1,341             457
Utilities                                     9,216          25,255
Construction                                  1,858           2,887
Manufacturing                               146,138         182,905
Wholesale trade                              24,492          37,515
Retail trade                                  2,466           1,730
Transportation and warehousing               46,749          24,495
Information                                  69,226          28,993
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                         230,589         317,400
Professional and business services          507,621         248,020
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                           726          24,929
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services             62,648          31,806
Other services, except government            31,065          35,959
Government                                    8,685           7,037
Scrap, used and secondhand goods                155             604
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment                  8,909             867
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)                         1,153,915         971,953
Compensation of employees                 1,431,632       1,155,070
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies                               51,259          32,085
Gross operating surplus                     498,822         193,197
Total value added (producer prices)       1,981,713       1,380,353
Total industry output
(producer prices)                         3,135,628       2,352,305



Commodities/Industries
                                             Total
                                          final uses         Total
                                          (producer     commodity output
                                            prices)     (producer value)
Agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting                                  91,135         481,026
Mining                                     -118,278         580,284
Utilities                                   256,509         496,708
Construction                                965,242       1,206,919
Manufacturing                             2,075,636       5,787,100
Wholesale trade                             809,859       1,458,137
Retail trade                              1,264,780       1,392,835
Transportation and warehousing              380,289       1,024,517
Information                                 680,596       1,223,897
Finance, insurance, real estate,
rental, and leasing                       2,914,809       5,133,698
Professional and business services        1,006,806       3,691,586
Educational services, health care,
and social assistance                     2,492,694       2,564,883
Arts, entertainment, recreation,
accommodation, and food services            937,477       1,218,544
Other services, except government           529,269         740,624
Government.                               2,619,935       2,706,124
Scrap, used and secondhand goods            -21,599          11,307
Noncomparable imports and
rest-of-the-world adjustment               -117,108           3,097
Total intermediate inputs
(producer prices)
Compensation of employees
Taxes on production and imports,
less subsidies
Gross operating surplus
Total value added (producer prices)      16,768,053
Total industry output
(producer prices)                                        29,721,286