U.S. international services: trade in services in 2014 and services supplied through affiliates in 2013.

Grimm, Alexis N. ; Krishnan, Charu S.

TO PROVIDE a broad perspective on services provided by and to the United States in international markets, this article presents information on services provided through two channels: (1) conventional trade in services and (2) services supplied by affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs). (1)

In this article, trade in services refers to exports and imports that are included in the U.S. international transactions accounts (ITAs). Services supplied through affiliates refers to services supplied by majority-owned affiliates of MNEs through the channel of direct investment. It covers transactions between foreign affiliates of U.S. companies and foreign residents, both in the local economy and in other foreign markets, and transactions between U.S. affiliates of foreign companies and U.S. residents. Because of the importance of physical proximity to customers in the delivery of services, many MNEs serve foreign markets partly or wholly through their affiliates located in, or close to, the markets they serve rather than through trade. As in previous years, the majority of services both provided by and to the United States internationally in 2013 was through affiliates (table A and chart 1). (2)

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This year the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) introduces a new presentation of international trade in services and services supplied through affiliates in the tables that accompany this article. This new presentation includes a longer time span of the accounts and conforms to the updated format of BEA's international services interactive tables, which were introduced in 2014. In addition, BEA continues to improve the coverage of, and access to, its international services statistics by expanding country-level and industry-level detail for services supplied through affiliates. Additional industries have been added to "Table 3.1. Services Supplied to Foreign Persons by U.S. MNEs Through Their MOFAs, by Industry of Affiliate and by Country of Affiliate" and additional countries have been added to "Table 4.2. Services Supplied to U.S. Persons by Foreign MNEs Through Their MOUSAs, by Country of UBO." In addition, statistics on services supplied through affiliates that were previously only available in BEA's annual publications on the activities of MNEs are now also available in "Table 3.4. Services Supplied to Foreign Persons by U.S. MNEs Through Their MOFAs, by Country of Affiliate and by Industry of Affiliate" and "Table 4.3. Services Supplied to U.S. Persons by Foreign MNEs Through Their MOUSAs, by Industry of Affiliate."

In 2014, U.S. exports of services were $710.6 billion, and U.S. imports of services were $477.4 billion, resulting in a services trade surplus of $233.1 billion (chart 2). (3) The United States retained its position as the world's leader in exports and imports of services. (4) In 2013--the latest year for which statistics are available--services supplied to foreign markets through majority-owned foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational enterprises were $1,320.9 billion. Services supplied to the United States through majority-owned U.S. affiliates of foreign multinationals were $878.5 billion. A discussion of U.S. trade in services in 2014 begins in the next section; a discussion of services supplied through affiliates begins on page 16.

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U.S. Trade in Services in 2014

In 2014, the U.S. surplus on trade in services increased 4 percent, to $233.1 billion, after increasing 10 percent in 2013. In contrast to the persistent U.S. deficit on trade in goods, which was $741.5 billion in 2014, the United States has historically recorded a surplus on trade in services (chart 2). In 2014, growth in services exports decreased to 3.3 percent from 4.8 percent, while growth in services imports increased to 3.0 percent from 2.6 percent (table A). In 2014, real gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and of many of its major trading partners grew at a faster rate than in 2013 (chart 3). In addition, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the currencies of many of the major U.S. trading partners increased in 2014 (chart 4).

The surplus on trade in services in 2014 was largest in charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e., $88.2 billion, and in financial services, $67.8 billion (chart 5). The surplus in charges for the use of intellectual property partly reflects the high level of research and development (R&D) performed in the United States. In 2011 (the most recent year that statistics are available), the United States was the largest single R&D-performing country, accounting for just under 30 percent of R&D performed worldwide. (1) The surplus in financial services partly reflects the dominance of U.S. exchanges in global securities trading; for example, based on data from the World Federation of Exchanges, the United States was the single largest host country for stock exchanges in 2014, with U.S. exchanges accounting for 53 percent of the value of equities traded on all the world's exchanges. (2)

U.S. Trade in Services

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Both exports and imports of services reached record levels. For exports, the largest increases were in other business services, $7.6 billion, in travel (for all purposes including education), $4.3 billion, and in maintenance and repair services, $3.7 billion (table B). For imports, the largest increases were in travel (for all purposes including education), $6.7 billion, other business services, $4.4 billion, and transport, $3.6 billion.

For services exports, all categories except government goods and services grew. The largest percentage increases were in maintenance and repair services, 20 percent, and in other business services, 6 percent (table B). The growth in maintenance and repair services reflected growth in industrial-type maintenance services. The growth in other business services reflected growth in research and development services and in professional and management consulting services.

For services imports, five of the nine categories grew. The largest percentage increases were in charges for the use of intellectual property, 8 percent, and in travel (for all purposes including education), 6 percent. The growth in charges for the use of intellectual property largely reflected growth in audio-visual and related products. The growth in travel (for all purposes including education) reflected growth in other personal travel, which includes tourism.

By area, Europe remained the largest market for U.S. services exports, followed by the Asia and Pacific region. The United Kingdom was the largest market for exports in 2014 (table C). The top categories of exports to the United Kingdom were financial services and other business services. Canada was the second-largest market for exports in 2014. The top categories of exports to Canada were travel (for all purposes including education) and other business services.

Europe also remained the largest source of U.S. services imports, followed by the Asia and Pacific region. The United Kingdom was the largest provider of services to the United States. The top categories of imports from the United Kingdom were other business services and travel (for all purposes including education). Germany was the second-largest provider of services to the United States. The top categories of imports from Germany were transport and other business services.

Services trade includes trade between unaffiliated parties and trade within MNEs. Trade within MNEs (affiliated trade) accounted for 28 percent of exports in 2014, up 1 percentage point from 2013 (table D). Affiliated trade accounted for 28 percent of imports in 2014, up less than 1 percentage point from 2013. For exports in 2014, growth in unaffiliated trade decreased to 3 percent from 5 percent, and growth in affiliated trade increased to 5 percent from 3 percent. For imports in 2014, growth in unaffiliated trade increased to 2 percent from 1 percent, and growth in affiliated trade decreased to 4 percent from 6 percent.

U.S. Trade in Services--Maintenance and Repair Services

U.S. Trade in Services--Transport

U.S. Trade in Services--Travel (for All Purposes Including Education)

U.S. Trade in Services--Insurance Services

U.S. Trade in Services--Financial Services

U.S. Trade in Services--Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property

U.S. Trade in Services--Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services

U.S. Trade in Services--Other Business Services Exports

U.S. Trade in Services--Other Business Services Imports

U.S. Trade in Services--Government Goods and Services

Services Supplied Through Affiliates in 2013

U.S. international services delivered via the channel of direct investment consists of (1) services supplied to local markets and other foreign markets by foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs) and (2) services supplied to the U.S. market by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs. In 2013, services supplied by U.S. MNEs to foreign markets through their affiliates increased to $1,320.9 billion from $1,285.9 billion in 2012. Services supplied by foreign MNEs to the U.S. market through their U.S. affiliates increased to $878.5 billion from $813.3 billion. The difference between international services supplied through affiliates to foreign markets and to U.S. markets was $442.4 billion in 2013, compared with $472.7 billion in 2012. (1)

Services supplied abroad through foreign affiliates of U.S. MNEs grew 3 percent in 2013 after growing 3 percent in 2012. The continuation of moderate growth of services supplied was consistent with only small changes in economic growth in many of the major markets as well as in emerging markets served by affiliates (chart 3). In Europe, the euro area contracted for the second straight year, though by slightly less than in 2012. Economic growth in most other major markets served by affiliates was positive in 2013. The United Kingdom's GDP growth picked up 1 percentage point, nearly matching that of Canada, which was little changed. Japan's GDP growth decreased slightly. GDP growth in emerging markets and developing economies, such as Mexico, decreased slightly in 2013, but as in recent years, growth in emerging markets still outpaced growth in advanced economies.

The value of the dollar relative to the currencies of many of the U.S.'s largest trading partners was largely unchanged throughout 2013. However, the dollar strengthened against the Japanese yen, so the dollar value of services provided by affiliates in Japan decreased (chart 4).

Services supplied abroad through affiliates increased in all major regions except Africa. Affiliates in the Asia and Pacific region contributed the largest share of growth, followed by affiliates in Europe and in South and Central America (summarized in table Q and charts 13 and 14 on page 19). In Asia and Pacific, nearly every major industry grew. Affiliates in Singapore and India, where economic growth picked up in 2013, contributed nearly two-thirds of the total growth in services supplied through affiliates, and together, they more than offset a significant decrease in services supplied by affiliates in Japan. In Europe, growth in services supplied through affiliates in Germany, Switzerland, and Ireland more than accounted for the growth in services supplied through affiliates; this growth was partly offset by a contraction in the United Kingdom, the top country of foreign affiliates in 2013 in terms of services supplied (table O). For affiliates in Europe, the increases were largest for affiliates in wholesale trade, information, and retail trade; the combined increase in these industries more than offset a large decrease in finance and insurance. European affiliates again accounted for the largest share of services supplied by affiliates in foreign markets, but that share continued to shrink because that growth was outpaced by the growth of services supplied by affiliates in Asia and Pacific. Services supplied in South and Central America grew strongly in 2013. Mexico, the top country of foreign affiliates in that region in terms of services supplied in 2013, led the increase despite slow economic growth. More than three-quarters of the increase in South and Central America was in retail trade and in finance and insurance.

Services supplied by foreign affiliates of U.S. MNEs increased in all major industry categories except manufacturing and finance and insurance; the increase was largest in information and in wholesale trade (summarized in table R and charts 15 and 16 on page 20). In information services, the increase was largely accounted for by increases among affiliates that provide Internet search and social networking services, particularly in Ireland. In wholesale trade, most of the increase was in services supplied by nondurable-goods merchant wholesalers, especially wholesalers of farm product raw materials and of drugs and druggists' sundries. Services supplied in mining and in retail trade also increased significantly; in mining, the increase was nearly fully accounted for by growth in support activities for oil and gas operations supplied by affiliates, and in retail trade, it was led by growth in general merchandise and in nonstore retailers, such as online merchants.

Foreign affiliates not only supply services to foreign markets, but they also supply services to the U.S. market (which are classified as U.S. imports of services). Services supplied to foreign markets, which include local markets and other foreign markets, accounted for 92 percent of services supplied by foreign affiliates, and services supplied to the U.S. market accounted for the remaining 8 percent of foreign affiliates' $1,440.9 billion in services supplied worldwide in 2013 (table P). In 2013, transactions in the affiliates' local market accounted for 71 percent of services supplied worldwide by affiliates, while transactions with parties in other foreign markets accounted for 20 percent. Services supplied by foreign affiliates worldwide grew 3 percent in 2013; services supplied to foreign markets grew 3 percent, and services supplied to the U.S. market grew 5 percent. For services supplied to foreign markets in 2013, services supplied to the affiliates' local market grew 2 percent, and services supplied to other foreign markets grew 6 percent.

Services supplied to the U.S. market by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs grew 8 percent in 2013, up from 4 percent in 2012, despite little change in U.S. economic growth (chart 3). The largest increases were in services supplied through affiliates with ultimate beneficial owners (UBOs) in Asia and Pacific and in Europe; services supplied by affiliates with UBOs in Canada, the United States, Central America, and Other Western Hemisphere also grew (summarized in table S and charts 17 and 18 on page 21).(2) Affiliates with UBOs in Asia and Pacific accounted for nearly two-thirds of the growth in all services supplied to the U.S. market; the growth was largely accounted for by acquisitions of U.S. affiliates. Growth in services supplied by affiliates with UBOs in Asia and Pacific increased in most major industries. The largest increase was in information due to the large increase in wireless telecommunications for Japan, but increases in services supplied through affiliates in wholesale trade, in finance and insurance, and in professional, scientific, and technical services were also significant. For affiliates with UBOs in Europe, nearly three-quarters of the increase was accounted for by growth in affiliates with UBOs in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, which were the top three European UBO countries of U.S. affiliates in 2013 in terms of services supplied (table O). Services supplied by affiliates with UBOs in Europe increased in most major industries; the largest increases were in professional, scientific, and technical services, especially advertising and related services, and in wholesale trade. For affiliates of UBOs in Canada, the United States, Central America, and Other Western Hemisphere, the increases in services supplied were small compared with those for Asia and Pacific and Europe. For affiliates with UBOs in the Middle East and in Africa, services supplied through affiliates contracted in 2013 for the second straight year.

Services supplied by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs increased in all seven major industry categories; the largest increases were in information, in professional, scientific, and technical services, in wholesale trade, and in real estate and rental and leasing (summarized in table T and charts 19 and 20 on page 22). More than half of the increase in services supplied by U.S. affiliates was accounted for by affiliates in information, particularly in wireless telecommunications, reflecting the acquisitions of U.S. affiliates in wireless communications by Japanese companies. Increases in telecommunications for affiliates with UBOs in Germany and Mexico were also large. In wholesale trade, growth in services supplied by U.S. affiliates was widespread across subindustries; the growth was more than accounted for by affiliates with UBOs in Asia and Pacific and in Europe. In professional, scientific, and technical services, the largest increases were in advertising and related services, especially for affiliates with UBOs in France, and in computer systems design and related services, particularly for affiliates with UBOs in Japan. In real estate and rental and leasing, services supplied through affiliates in both rental and leasing and real estate increased; more than half of the increase was in services supplied by affiliates with UBOs in Europe.

U.S. affiliates not only supply services to the U.S. market, but they also supply services to other markets (which are classified as U.S. exports of services). However, U.S. market transactions account for the vast majority of the services supplied by U.S. affiliates worldwide. In 2013, U.S. market transactions accounted for 91 percent of U.S. affiliates' $963.8 billion in services supplied worldwide (table P). This large share reflects the dominant size of the U.S. market, compared with the sizes of other nearby markets. Services supplied by U.S. affiliates worldwide grew 7 percent in 2013; services supplied to the U.S. market grew 8 percent, and services supplied to foreign markets grew 1 percent.

Services Supplied by Affiliates--To Foreign Persons Through Foreign Affiliates

Services Supplied by Affiliates--To U.S. Persons Through U.S. Affiliates

Revisions

The revised statistics published in this article supersede those presented in the October 2014 SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS.

Trade in services. The revised statistics on trade in services published in this article correspond to the less detailed statistics by type of service published in the July 2015 SURVEY article "Annual Revision of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts."

As noted in the July 2015 article, exports and imports for 2012-2013 were revised to incorporate newly available and revised source data from (1) the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) quarterly surveys of international trade in services, (2) BEA's 2013 Benchmark Survey of Insurance Transactions by U.S. Insurance Companies With Foreign Persons, and (3) other source data.

For 2012 and 2013, total exports and total imports were revised upward (table U). The largest revision was to imports for 2012, which were revised upward 0.4 percent ($1.7 billion). Exports were revised upward 0.2 percent ($1.6 billion) for 2012. For 2013, imports were revised upward 0.3 percent ($1.6 billion), and exports were revised upward 0.1 percent ($0.5 billion). For exports, the main contributor to the upward revisions for 2012 and 2013 was maintenance and repair services n.i.e., largely due to a reclassification of repairs related to foreign military sales from exports of government goods and services n.i.e. For imports, the main contributor to the upward revisions for 2012 and 2013 was insurance services, which reflects the incorporation of information from the 2013 benchmark survey. For additional information on these changes, see the next section "Improving the International Services Statistics."

Services supplied through affiliates. The statistics on services supplied through affiliates for 2013 are preliminary. The statistics for 2012 were revised to incorporate newly available and revised source data from BEA's surveys of MNEs. For 2012, services supplied to foreign persons by U.S. MNEs through their majority-owned foreign affiliates were revised downward 0.5 percent ($7.0 billion). Services supplied to the United States by foreign MNEs through their majority-owned U.S. affiliates were revised upward 1.4 percent ($11.4 billion).

Improving the International Services Statistics

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) continues to improve its statistics on international services. Some changes have now been implemented, and others are under way. (1)

Reclassification of repairs related to foreign military sales from exports of government goods and services n.i.e.

Beginning with statistics for 1999, repairs related to the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program--including upgrades to aircraft and other military equipment--were reclassified to the services exports category "maintenance and repair services n.i.e." Previously, these repairs were included in the services exports category "government goods and services n.i.e." International statistical guidelines recommend that services supplied by, and to, governments be classified into specific services categories whenever possible. As a result of this change maintenance and repair services n.i.e. and government goods and services n.i.e. were revised, but total services exports were not revised because the revisions were offsetting.

Incorporation of the results of the 2013 benchmark survey of insurance transactions

The statistics presented in this article incorporate the results of the 2013 Benchmark Survey of Insurance Transactions by U.S. Insurance Companies With Foreign Persons. Unlike the quarterly surveys of insurance services, the benchmark survey, conducted every 5 years, collects the total for each type of transaction without a reporting threshold and has a lower reporting threshold ($2 million) than the quarterly surveys ($8 million) for the reporting of country and affiliation detail; as a result, BEA has a basis for estimating transactions that fall below the quarterly survey thresholds. In addition, the coverage of the benchmark survey was increased to include newly identified companies engaged in international trade. The incorporation of information from the benchmark survey resulted in upward revisions to insurance exports and imports for 2012 and 2013.

Ongoing work

Work to improve several accounts within the international economic accounts is continuing. The following changes to the accounts are proposed:

* Introducing financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM)

* Identifying and reclassifying certain transactions related to intellectual property

* Categorizing manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others

* Developing a personal, cultural, and recreational services category

For a more detailed discussion of these changes, see "Improving the International Services Statistics" in the October 2014 article. (2)

Using BEA Data for Research on International Trade in Services and on MNEs

The data that BEA collects on its surveys of international trade in services and of the activities of multinational enterprises are valuable resources for researchers. Many past and ongoing projects have used a link between the two data sets; these projects combine information on trade in services with information on several aspects of the operations of multinational enterprises (MNEs), such as employment, sales, and value added. (1)

One ongoing study, "Headquarter Services in the Global Integration of Production," explores how production integration between U.S. parents and foreign affiliates affects the role that U.S. parents play in providing certain types of headquarter services to their foreign affiliates. Preliminary results provide a rich picture of the relationships between firms' different degrees of vertical linkages to their U.S. parents and the strategic positioning of headquarter services by industry and by country. A separate ongoing interagency project links BEA's data on international trade in intellectual property and on the operations of MNEs with the National Science Foundation's Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey (BRDIS); this study is examining the relationship between research and development expenses and international trade in intellectual property for MNEs.

Studies by BEA's special sworn researchers have also made use of BEA's data on the activities of MNEs and data on international services. One ongoing study, "Patent Protection and the Industrial Composition of Multinational Activity: Evidence from U.S. Multinational Firms," uses the linked data to examine how the extent of patent protection in developing countries affects U.S. MNEs' decisions to engage in technology licensing with a foreign affiliate or with an unaffiliated foreign firm. One past study, "Export Versus FDI and the Communication of Complex Information," looked at how the complexity in the communication between firms and their customers affected U.S. firms' decisions about whether to serve foreign markets by establishing foreign affiliates or by exporting.

More information about current and past research at BEA, including research conducted by BEA's special sworn researchers, can be found on BEA's Web site.

Data Sources and Acknowledgments

Data Sources

The statistics in this article are largely based on data collected from surveys conducted by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Statistics for some services are based on data from a variety of other sources, including U.S. Customs and Border Protection, other federal surveys, private sources, and partner countries.

BEA conducts mandatory surveys of trade in services, some of which are targeted to specific services industries. For trade in services, data on many types of services are collected on the Quarterly Survey of Transactions in Selected Services and Intellectual Property with Foreign Persons (BE-125) and on the related benchmark survey (BE-120).

All of BEA's surveys of international services and a guide to the reporting requirements for the surveys are available on BEA's Website. For additional information on these surveys, on surveys from other sources, and on definitions and methodology for the statistics on the trade in services, see International Economic Accounts: Concepts and Methods.

The data on services supplied through majority-owned affiliates are collected on BEA's surveys of the activities of multinational enterprises. All of BEA's surveys of U.S. MNEs and of U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs and a guide to reporting requirements for the surveys are available on BEA's We b site. For the methodologies for these surveys, see Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: 2007 Benchmark Survey, Final Results and U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Final Results From the 2009 Benchmark Survey on BEA's Website.

Acknowledgments

The estimates of trade in services and services supplied through affiliates were prepared by the following staff members of the Balance of Payments Division and the Direct Investment Division.

Estimates of trade in services were prepared under the guidance of Molly E. Garber and Christopher J. Stein. Travel and air passenger transport estimates were prepared by Thomas Anderson, Laura L. Brokenbaugh, Edward F. Dozier, Alexis N. Grimm, Ryan Howley, Marilyn Ibarra-Caton, and Charu S. Krishnan. Transport estimates were prepared by Edward F. Dozier, C. Omar Kebbeh, and Steven J. Muno. Estimates for services other than travel and transport were prepared by Pamela N. Aiken, Suhail Ally, Felix Anderson, Stacey L. Ansell, Damon C. Battaglia, Jeffrey R. Bogen, Faith M. Brannam, Jamela Des Vignes, Andre Garber, Brian C. Goddard, Hope R. Jones, C. Omar Kebbeh, Eddie L. Key, Kiesha V. Middleton, Patricia A. Mosley, Steven J. Muno, Michelle Murillo, Maya Ortiz, Mark P. Samuel, and John A. Sondheimer.

Results from the 2013 benchmark survey of insurance transactions were processed and incorporated into BEA's statistics on trade in insurance services by Christopher J. Stein, Andre Garber, Brian C. Goddard, Damon C. Battaglia, Fritz Mayhew, Benjamin P. Kavanaugh, and Gregory A. Tenentes.

The processing of the survey data used to prepare the estimates of services supplied through majority-owned affiliates was conducted by the following staff members of the Direct Investment Division under the guidance of Mark D. Goddard and Jennifer Rodriguez: Catherine Ama, George Bogachevsky, Gregory Brace, Kirsten Brew, Polly Cheung, Stephen Corsiglia, James Crim, Constance Deve, Laura Downey, Kenneth Grier, Nazre Jamil, James Lashley, Qi Lee, Da-Chin Lin, Sonya Marsh, Kevin McCarthy, Demetria McCormick, Marcia Miller, Yetunde Olayinka, Amanda Petersen, Amber Phelan, Kevin Reagan, Makia Riley, Ann Robinson, Roberto Ruiz, Myriam Rullan, Aqeel Sahibzada, John Starnes, and Daniel Wakjira. Alexis N. Grimm performed additional calculations to prepare the statistics on services supplied through affiliates.

The information in tables 1.1-2.3 was compiled by John Sondheimer, and the information in tables 1.1, 3.1-4.2 was compiled by Neeta B. Kapoor. The interactive tables were compiled by Benjamin Kavanaugh and Mitchell Shabani. Computer programming for data estimation and suppression and the generation of the tables was provided by Carole J. Henry, Neeta B. Kapoor, Fritz H. Mayhew, Dan Powell, and Gary Sowers.

(1.) The term "affiliates" in this article refers to majority-owned affiliates. The statistics on services supplied through affiliates cover the full value of services provided by majority-owned affiliates, irrespective of the percentage of ownership. More information on the definitions and coverage of trade in services and services supplied through affiliates is available at the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) We b site. For more information on the definitions and methodology of the major categories of trade in services, see "Part III: Statistical Methodologies" in International Economic Accounts: Concepts and Methods.

(2.) Differences in coverage and classification make it difficult to precisely compare trade in services with services supplied through affiliates. For example, distributive services are included in services supplied through affiliates but not in services trade. Statistics on trade in services are also collected and published by type of service, but services supplied through affiliates are collected and published by the affiliate's primary industry. More information on the difficulty of comparing trade in services with services supplied through affiliates is available on BEA's Website.

(3.) The statistics in this article are consistent with the less detailed statistics published in table 3.1 of the international transactions accounts.

(4.) World Trade Organization (WTO) Press Release 739 (April 14, 2015). The statistics in the press release differ slightly from the statistics presented in this article. The WTO statistics are presented on the basis of the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual, whereas the BEA statistics are presented on the basis of the sixth edition of the Manual, and the BEA statistics were revised in June 2015.

(1.) National Science Board, Science and Engineering Indicators 2014 (Arlington, VA : National Science Foundation, 2014 (NSB 14-01).

(2.) Based on data from the December 2014 monthly report from the World Federation of Exchanges.

(1.) It is not meaningful to highlight the difference between services supplied through affiliates to foreign markets and to U.S. markets by industry partly because of differences in the level of industry consolidation between foreign affiliates of U.S. companies and U.S. affiliates of foreign companies.

(2.) The UBO of a U.S. affiliate is that person or entity, proceeding up the affiliate's ownership chain, beginning with and including the foreign parent, that is not owned by more than 50 percent by another person. Unlike the foreign parent, the UBO of an affiliate may be located in the United States. The UBO of each affiliate is identified to ascertain the person or entity that ultimately owns or controls the U.S. affiliate and therefore ultimately derives the benefits from ownership or control.

(1.) See the "Catalog of Major Revisions to the U.S. International Accounts, 1976-2008" on BEA's We b site. For changes implemented from 2009 to 2014, see the appendixes on improvements in each October Survey article in this series. See also Jeffrey R. Bogen, Mai-Chi Hoang, Kristy L. Howell, and Erin M. Whitaker, "Comprehensive Restructuring and Annual Revision of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts" SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 94 (July 2014) and C. Omar Kebbeh and Cavan Wilk, "Annual Revision of the U.S. International Transactions Accounts," SURVEY 95 (July 2015).

(2.) Alexis N. Grimm and Charu S. Krishnan, "U.S. International Services" SURVEY 94 (October 2014): 21.

(1.) For more information on the link between BEA's trade in services and MNE surveys, see Kevin Barefoot and Jennifer Koncz-Bruner "A Profile of U.S. Exporters and Importers of Services" SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 92 (June 2012).

Data Availability

Detailed statistics for U.S. international services accompany this article in a new presentation format in tables 1.1-4.3. Trade in services statistics and statistics on services supplied internationally through majority-owned affiliates can also be accessed through BEA's interactive tables. The interactive tables cover additional years of data and supplemental detail not available in the tables that accompany this article. With this year's release, BEA is publishing additional country- and industry-level detail for services supplied through affiliates.

Summary Statistics

Summary statistics on trade in services by category and the five largest countries in each category are presented following this section in tables E-N and charts 6-12. For more detailed statistics, see tables 1.1-2.3 that accompany this article.

Summary Statistics

Summary statistics on services supplied by foreign affiliates of U.S. MNEs for certain selected countries and industries of the affiliate are presented following this section in tables Q-R and charts 13-16. Statistics on services supplied by U.S. affiliates of foreign MNEs for certain countries of UBO and industries of the affiliate are presented in tables S-T and charts 17-20. For more detailed statistics, see tables 3.1-4.3 that accompany this article.

By Alexis N. Grimm and Charu S. Krishnan

Table A. Services Supplied to Foreign and U.S. Persons Through Trade
and Through Affiliates

             To foreign markets
      Through trade   Through foreign
      (U.S. exports)  affiliates of
                      U. S. companies

      Billions of dollars
2012  656.4           1,285.9
2013  687.9           1,320.9
2014  710.6           n.a.
      Percent change from preceding year
2012    4.6               3.1
2013    4.8               2.7
2014    3.3               n.a.

              To U.S. market
                       Through U.S.
      Through trade    affiliates of foreign
      (U.S. imports)  companies

      Billions of dollars
2012  452.0            813.3
2013  463.7            878.5
2014  477.4            n.a.
      Percent change from preceding year
2012    3.7              4.1
2013    2.6              8.0
2014    3.0              n.a.

n.a. Not available
NOTE. Historical statistics for 1986 forward are available on BEA's
Website.

Chart 3. Growth in Real GDP by Major Area

Percent change from the preceding year

                   2012  2013  5014

United State       2.3   2.2   2.4
Euro area         -0.8  -0.5   0.9
United Kingdom     0.7   1.7   2.6
Canada             1.9   2.0   2.5
Japan              1.8   1.6  -0.1
Mexico             4.0   1.4   2.1

NOTE: Statistics on real GDP for the foreign major areas are from the
International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook, April 2015. U.S.
Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 5. Composition of Trade in Services Surplus, 2014

                           Billions of dollars

Total Surplus                     223.1
Charges for the Use of
Intellectual Property              88.2
Financial Services                 67.8
Travel                             66.5
Other Business
Services                           33.8
Maintenance and
Repair Services                    14.9
Telecommunications,
Computer, and
Information Services                2.6
Government Goods
and Services                       -3.7
Tranport                           -4.2
Insurance Services                -32.7

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Table B. Change From Preceding Year in Trade in Services

                                                Exports      Imports
                                                2013  2014   2013   2014

                                                  Billions of dollars
Total services                                  31.5  22.7  11.7   13.7
 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e.          1.5   3.7  -0.5    0.0
 Transport                                       3.5   2.6   5.6    3.6
 Travel (for all purposes
 including education)                           11.3   4.3   3.8    6.7
 Insurance services                              0.3   0.4  -2.1   -3.3
 Financial services                              7.4   3.2   1.8    1.0
 Charges for the use of intellectual
 proper ty n.i.e.                                3.5   2.4   0.3    3.1
 Telecommunications, computer,
 and information services                        2.5   0.9   1.0   -0.5
 Other business services                         1.5   7.6   4.2    4.4
 Government goods and ser vices n.i.e.           0.1  -2.5  -2.5   -1.2
                                                         Pecent
Total services                                   4.8   3.3   2.6    3.0
 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e           8.5  20.1  -6.6   -0.2
 Transport                                       4.1   3.0   6.6    4.0
 Travel (for all purposes including education)   7.0   2.5   3.8    6.4
 Insurance services                              1.6   2.1  -3.8   -6.2
 Financial ser vices                             9.6   3.8  10.9    5.3
 Charges for the use of intellectual
 proper ty n.i.e.                                2.8   1.9   0.9    8.0
 Telecommunications, computer, and
 information services                            7.8   2.4   3.2   -1.5
 Other business services                         1.2   6.3   4.9    4.8
 Government goods and ser vices n.i.e.           0.5 -10.9  -9.1   -4.6

Table C. U.S. Trade in Services by Type and Country, 2014
[Millions of dollars]


                                                          Travel (for
                              Maintenance                 all purposes
                     Total    and repair                  including
                   services   services n.i.e.  Transport  education) (2)

                                       Exports
All countries      710,565    22,389           90,031     177,241
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)     390,596     9,833           49,786     106,330
  Canada            63,597     2,407            7,969      10,099
  United Kingdom    61,353     1,800            8,586      20,705
  Japan             46,698       937            9,495      12,116
  China             42,460     1,326            4,950      21,499
  Ireland           40,491       172              660       1,420
  Mexico            30,000       655            4,150      15,603
  Germany           28,887       228            1,865       1,965
  Switzerland       28,249       710            4,881       9,686
  Brazil            28,186       912            5,011       5,604
  Korea,
  Republic of       20,675       686            2,219       7,633
  Other
countries          319,969    12,556           40,245      70,911
                                       Imports
All countries      477,428     7,468           94,219     110,787
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)     262,309     4,045               (D)     45,059
  United Kingdom    49,764     1,843            7,859       8,049
  Germany           32,812       285            7,825       3,321
  Canada            31,237        94            7,934       2,961
  Japan             30,074     1,426            5,921       7,235
  Bermuda           24,759        (*)              (D)        293
  Switzerland       21,880        37            2,623         996
  India             20,792        20              519       2,905
  Mexico            19,487       212            2,096      12,259
  France            16,594       114            4,125       5,183
  Ireland           14,909        14              759       1,857
Other countrie     215,119     3,423               (D)     65,728


                                                          Telecom-
                                         Charges for      munications,
                                         the use of       computer, and
                   Insurance  Financial  intellectual     information
                   ser vices  ser vices  property n.i.e.  services

                                      Exports
All countries      17,417     87,290     130,362          35,885
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)      9,127     39,066      82,648          19,930
  Canada            1,906     14,971       9,731           4,862
  United Kingdom    2,898      5,870       8,732           3,113
  Japan             2,074      3,033       8,693           1,567
  China               172      3,133       6,826             653
  Ireland             320      2,722      18,752           1,076
  Mexico              484      1,508       3,169             954
  Germany             269      1,517      10,636           1,399
  Switzerland         468      2,119       4,074           4,617
  Brazil              269      3,290       5,953           1,308
  Korea,
  Republic of         267        903       6,082             381
  Other
countries           8,290     48,224      47,714          15,955
                                      Imports
All countries      50,096     19,503      42,124          33,314
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)     41,297     11,675          (D)         23,075
  United Kingdom    4,874      6,144       4,049           2,640
  Germany           2,733        617       4,263           1,007
  Canada              361      1,031      12,406             376
  Japan               560      1,659       1,054           5,089
  Bermuda          22,893        161          (D)             67
  Switzerland       6,319        412       5,116             712
  India                50        436         364          11,344
  Mexico               40        365         697           1,011
  France              558        687       2,400             567
  Ireland           2,909        163       1,840             262
Other countrie      8,799      7,828          (D)         10,239




                   Other     Government
                   business  goods and
                   services  services n.i.e.

                        Exports
All countries      129,514   20,438
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)      71,182    2,694
  Canada            11,385      267
  United Kingdom     9,366      284
  Japan              8,165      617
  China              3,504      398
  Ireland           15,320       49
  Mexico             3,095      382
  Germany           10,956       52
  Switzerland        1,470      223
  Brazil             5,663      176
  Korea,
  Republic of        2,258      246
  Other
countries           58,332   17,744
                       Imports
All countries       95,752   24,163
 Total for the
 10 largest
 countries (1)      53,780   10,390
  United Kingdom    13,353      951
  Germany            7,118    5,644
  Canada             3,112    2,962
  Japan              6,838      293
  Bermuda              198        5
  Switzerland        5,461      204
  India              5,107       49
  Mexico             2,689      119
  France             2,818      144
  Ireland            7,086       19
Other countrie      41,972   13,773

(*) Transactions between zero and $500,000.
n.i.e. Not included elsewhere
(D) Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies.
(1.) The rank is based on the total value of services exports or
imports in 2014.
(2.) All travel purposes include (1) business travel, including
expenditures by border, seasonal, and other short-term workers and (2)
personal travel, including health-related and education-related travel.

Table D. Trade in Services by Affiliation Type, 2013-2014


                                            Millions
                                            of dollars
                                            2013     2014

                                            Exports of services
Total exports of services                   687,894  710,566
 Unaffiliated                               500,207  512,848
 Affiliated                                 187,687  197,718
  U.S. parents exports to their foreign
  affiliates                                148,407  160,254
  U.S. affiliates exports to their foreign
  parent groups.                             39,280   37,464
                                            Imports of services
Total imports of services                   463,701  477,426
 Unaffiliated                               337,781  345,916
 Affiliated                                 125,920  131,510
  U.S. parents imports from their
  foreign affiliates                         76,207   81,241
  U.S. affiliates imports from their
  foreign parent groups                      49,713   50,269

                                            Percent         Percent of
                                            change from     tota trade
                                            preceding year  in services
                                            2013  2014      2013  2014

                                                Exports of services
Total exports of services                    4.8   3.3
 Unaffiliated                                5.4   2.5       72.7  72.2
 Affiliated                                  3.3   5.3       27.3  27.8
  U.S. parents exports to their foreign
  affiliates                                 2.9   8.0       21.6  22.6
  U.S. affiliates exports to their foreign
  parent groups.                             4.7  -4.6        5.7   5.3
                                                Imports of services
Total imports of services                    2.6   3.0
 Unaffiliated                                1.4   2.4       72.8  72.5
 Affiliated                                  5.9   4.4       27.2  27.5
  U.S. parents imports from their
  foreign affiliates                         5.8   6.6       16.4  17.0
  U.S. affiliates imports from their
  foreign parent groups                      6.1   1.1       10.7  10.5


Table E. Maintenance and Repair Services n.i.e.

                             2012    2013    2014
                             Millions of dollars


Maintenance and repair
services n.i.e. exports      17,186  18,648  22,389









Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)        3,931   4,376   6,409
  Canada                      1,445   1,468   1,800
  China                         740     783   1,326
  France                        596     742   1,242
  Singapore                     785   1,041   1,088
  Taiwan                        365     342     953
 Other countries             13,255  14,272  15,980
Maintenance and repair
services n.i.e. imports       8,015   7,486   7,468








Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)        3,458   3,563   4,110
  Brazil                      1,128   1,106   1,448
  Canada                      1,352   1,290   1,426
  Singapore                     586     588     578
  Netherlands                    67     211     373
  Germany                       325     368     285
 Other countries              4,557   3,923   3,358

                             Change 2013-2014
                             Millions    Percent
                             of dollars

Maintenance and repair
services n.i.e. exports       3,741      20.1     U.S. Trade in
                                                  Services-Maintenance
                                                  and Repair Services
                                                  Exports of maintenance
                                                  and repair services
                                                  increased, mainly
                                                  reflecting increased
                                                  exports to the Asia
                                                  and Pacific region
                                                  and to Europe.
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)        2,033      46.5
  Canada                        332      22.6
  China                         543      69.3
  France                        500      67.4
  Singapore                      47       4.5
  Taiwan                        611     178.7
 Other countries              1,708      12.0
Maintenance and repair
services n.i.e. imports         -18      -0.2     Imports of maintenance
                                                  and repair services
                                                  were nearly unchanged,
                                                  reflecting a decrease
                                                  in imports from Europe
                                                  that was offset by
                                                  increases in imports
                                                  from nearly all other
                                                  regions.
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)          547      15.4
  Brazil                        342      30.9
  Canada                        136      10.5
  Singapore                     -10      -1.7
  Netherlands                   162      76.8
  Germany                       -83     -22.6
 Other countries               -565     -14.4

n.i.e. Not included elsewhere
(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
maintenance and repair services n.i.e. in 2014.

Table F. Transport

                   2012    2013    2014
                   Millions of dollars


Transport exports  83,944  87,415  90,031










 Sea services      17,012  17,322  18,152
  Freight           4,135   4,028   4,316
  Port             12,877  13,294  13,836
 Air services      62,078  65,523  67,498
  Passenger        39,364  41,642  43,516







  Freight          13,871  14,321  14,261
  Port              8,843   9,560   9,721
 Other modes        4,854   4,570   4,381
Exports by
country:
 Total exports
 for the five
 largest
 countries (1)     33,565  35,221  36,011
  Japan             8,952   9,292   9,495
  Canada            8,064   8,283   8,586
  United Kingdom    7,275   7,949   7,969
  Germany           4,674   4,883   5,011
  China             4,600   4,814   4,950
 Other countries   50,379  52,194  54,020
 countries








Transport imports  84,985  90,634  94,219











 Sea services      33,162  36,264  36,254
  Freight          31,357  34,207  34,013
  Port              1,805   2,057   2,241
 Air services      47,458  50,104  53,697
  Passenger        29,565  32,029  34,890







  Freight           6,177   6,325   7,197
  Port             11,716  11,750  11,610
 Other modes        4,365   4,266   4,268
Imports by
country:
 Total imports
 for the five
 largest
 countries (1)     32,020  34,021  35,107
  Japan             7,435   7,915   7,934
  United Kingdom    7,076   7,571   7,859
  Germany           6,916   7,426   7,825




  Canada.           5,624   5,757   5,921
  Korea, Republic
  of                4,969   5,352   5,568
 Other countries   52,965  56,613  59,112








                   Change 2013-2014
                   Millions    Percent
                   of dollars

Transport exports  2,616       3.0  Transport exports
                                    increased. The
                                    increase mainly
                                    reflected
                                    a 3 percent increase
                                    in air services,
                                    which accounted
                                    for 75 percent of
                                    exports of
                                    transport services
                                    in 2014 (chart 6).
 Sea services        830       4.8
  Freight            288       7.1
  Port               542       4.1
 Air services      1,975       3.0
  Passenger        1,874       4.5  Air passenger
                                    services increased,
                                    reflecting an increase
                                    in the number of
                                    foreign visitors
                                    on U.S. airlines and a
                                    decrease in
                                    average airfares.
  Freight            -60      -0.4
  Port               161       1.7
 Other modes        -189      -4.1
Exports by
country:
 Total exports
 for the five
 largest
 countries (1)       790       2.2
  Japan              203       2.2
  Canada             303       3.7
  United Kingdom      20       0.3
  Germany            128       2.6
  China              136       2.8
 Other countries   1,826       3.5  Exports to
 countries
                                    other than the five
                                    largest countries
                                    increased,
                                    driven
                                    by a 14 percent
                                    increase in
                                    exports
                                    to Brazil.
Transport imports  3,585       4.0  Transport imports
                                    increased. The
                                    increase
                                    reflected an
                                    increase in air
                                    services,
                                    which accounted
                                    for 57 percent
                                    of imports of
                                    transport
                                    services in
                                    2014 (chart 7).
 Sea services        -10       0.0
  Freight           -194      -0.6
  Port               184       8.9
 Air services      3,593       7.2
  Passenger        2,861       8.9  Air passenger
                                    services increased,
                                    reflecting an increase
                                    in the number of U.S.
                                    travelers on foreign
                                    airlines and
                                    an increase in
                                    average airfares.
  Freight            872      13.8
  Port              -140      -1.2
 Other modes           2       0.0
Imports by
country:
 Total imports
 for the five
 largest
 countries (1)     1,086       3.2
  Japan               19       0.2
  United Kingdom     288       3.8
  Germany            399       5.4  Imports from
                                    Germany increased,
                                    mainly reflecting an
                                    increase in air
                                    passenger services.
  Canada.            164       2.8
  Korea, Republic
  of                 216       4.0
 Other countries   2,499       4.4  Imports from countries
                                     other than the five
                                     largest
                                     countries increased.
                                     The largest increases
                                     were in imports
                                     from Mexico, France,
                                     and China.

(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
transport services in 2014.

Chart 6. Transport Export by Type, 2014

Sea services  (20.2%)
Air services  (75.0%)
Other modes    (4.9%)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Chart 7. Transport Imports by Types, 2014

Sea services   (38.5%)
Air services   (57.0%)
Other modes     (4.5%)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Table G. Travel (for All Purposes Including Education)

                             2012     2013     2014
                             Millions of dollars


Travel exports               161,632  172,901  177,241





 Business                     39,530   39,411   40,358
  Expenditures by border,
  seasonal, and
  other short-term workers     6,853    7,164    7,255
   Other business travel      32,677   32,247   33,103
 Personal                    122,102  133,490  136,883
  Health related               3,176    3,312    3,468
  Education related           24,858   27,410   30,795









  Other personal travel       94,068  102,768  102,620
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest
 countries (1)                74,074   77,947   80,022
  China                       15,863   18,726   21,499











 Canada                       21,913   22,192   20,705
 Mexico                       14,345   15,047   15,603
 Japan                        11,835   12,154   12,116
 United Kingdom               10,118    9,828   10,099
Other countries               87,558   94,954   97,219










Travel imports               100,338  104,107  110,787









 Business                     20,145   21,116   18,264
 Expenditures by
 border, seasonal,
 and other
 short-term workers            1,188    1,209    1,261
 Other business travel        18,957   19,907   17,003
 Personal                     80,193   82,990   92,523
 Health related                1,282    1,443    1,624
 Education related             6,079    6,489    6,824
Other personal travel         72,831   75,058   84,075








Imports by country:
 Total imports for
 the five largest
 countries (1)                35,512   35,761   39,104
  Mexico                       9,808   10,628   12,259











  United Kingdom               7,118    7,337    8,049
  Canada                       7,653    7,472    7,235
  Italy                        6,161    5,865    6,378
  France                       4,772    4,459    5,183
Other countries               64,826   68,346   71,683

                             Change 2013-2014
                             Millions
                             of dollars  Percent

Travel exports                 4,340        2.5   Travel exports
                                                  increased, mainly
                                                  reflecting an
                                                  increase
                                                  in education-
                                                  related travel.
 Business                        947        2.4
  Expenditures by border,
  seasonal, and
  other short-term workers        91        1.3
  Other business travel          856        2.7
Personal                       3,393        2.5
  Health related                 156        4.7
  Education related            3,385       12.3   Education-related
                                                  travel exports
                                                  increased as
                                                  both the
                                                  number of
                                                  international
                                                  students and
                                                  their average
                                                  expenditures
                                                  increased.
  Other personal travel         -148       -0.1
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest
 countries (1)                 2,075        2.7
  China                        2,773       14.8   Travel exports
                                                  to China increased,
                                                  reflecting a 21
                                                  percent
                                                  increase in
                                                  education-related
                                                  travel and a
                                                  10 percent
                                                  increase in other
                                                  business travel
                                                  and other
                                                  personal travel.
  Canada                      -1,487       -6.7
  Mexico                         556        3.7
  Japan                          -38       -0.3
  United Kingdom                 271        2.8
Other countries                2,265        2.4   Exports to
                                                  countries other
                                                  than the five
                                                  largest countries
                                                  increased, with
                                                  strong increases
                                                  in exports to the
                                                  Asia and Pacific
                                                  region, particularly
                                                  China, India, and
                                                  Korea (chart 8).
Travel imports                 6,680        6.4   Travel imports
                                                  increased, mainly
                                                  reflecting an
                                                  increase
                                                  in other personal
                                                  travel that was
                                                  partly offset by
                                                  a decrease
                                                  in other
                                                  business travel.
 Business                     -2,852      -13.5
 Expenditures by
 border, seasonal,
 and other
 short-term workers               52        4.3
 Other business travel        -2,904      -14.6
 Personal                      9,533       11.5
 Health related                  181       12.5
 Education related               335        5.2
Other personal travel          9,017       12.0   Other personal
                                                  travel imports
                                                  increased as
                                                  the number
                                                  of U.S. travelers
                                                  abroad increased
                                                  and their average
                                                  expenditures
                                                  increased.
Imports by country:
 Total imports for
 the five largest
 countries (1)                 3,343        9.3
  Mexico                       1,631       15.3   Mexico remained
                                                  the largest market
                                                  for U.S. travel
                                                  abroad in 2014
                                                  as a result of
                                                  increases in
                                                  both the
                                                  number of U.S.
                                                  travelers to
                                                  Mexico and
                                                  their average
                                                  expenditures.
  United Kingdom                 712        9.7
  Canada                        -237       -3.2
  Italy                          513        8.7
  France                         724       16.2
Other countries                3,337        4.9


(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
travel (for all purposes including education) in 2014.

Chart 8. Growth in Travel Exports and Imports by Area, 2014

Percent change from preceding year

                 Exports  Imports

Canada           -6.7     -3.2
Europe            1.1      7.7
Latin
America and
Other Western
Hemisphere       -0.7     10.7
Africa            5.3     -8.9
Middle
East              9.2     -2.0
Asia
and Pacific       8.0      5.4

U.S Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Table H. Insurance Services

                                2012    2013    2014
                                Millions of dollars

Insurance services exports      16,790  17,058  17,417




 Reinsurance                    11,176  11,283  11,304
 Direct insurance                4,003   3,988   4,272
 Auxiliary insurance services    1,611   1,787   1,841
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest countries (1)     10,000  10,297  11,168
  Bermuda                        2,674   2,831   3,452










  Canada                         3,006   3,057   2,898
  Japan                          1,954   1,729   2,074
  United Kingdom                 1,632   1,798   1,906
  Australia                        734     882     838
Other countries                  6,790   6,761   6,249
Insurance services imports      55,513  53,420  50,096









 Reinsurance                    48,585  47,380  43,656
 Direct insurance                5,070   4,737   4,936
 Auxiliary insurance services    1,858   1,303   1,504
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)          43,515  41,968  39,728
  Bermuda                       25,869  24,941  22,893

















  Switzerland                    6,741   6,602   6,319
  United Kingdom                 5,656   5,042   4,874
  Ireland                        2,255   2,237   2,909








  Germany                        2,994   3,146   2,733
Other countries                 11,998  11,452  10,368

                               Change 2013-2014
                               Millions
                               of dollars Percent

Insurance services exports        359       2.1   Exports of insurance
                                                  services increased,
                                                  mainly reflecting
                                                  a 7 percent increase
                                                  in direct insurance.
 Reinsurance                       21       0.2
 Direct insurance                 284       7.1
 Auxiliary insurance services      54       3.0
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest countries (1)       871       8.5
  Bermuda                         621      21.9   Insurance exports
                                                  to Bermuda increased,
                                                  reflecting a
                                                  34 percent increase
                                                  in direct insurance
                                                  and auxiliary
                                                  insurance services
                                                  that reflected a 90
                                                  percent increase
                                                  in premiums received
                                                  for direct insurance.
  Canada                         -159      -5.2
  Japan                           345      20.0
  United Kingdom                  108       6.0
  Australia                       -44      -5.0
Other countries                  -512      -7.6
Insurance services imports     -3,324      -6.2   Imports of insurance
                                                  services decreased,
                                                  reflecting an
                                                  8 percent decrease
                                                  in reinsurance, mainly
                                                  in imports
                                                  of reinsurance from
                                                  the Other Western
                                                  Hemisphere
                                                  region and Europe.
 Reinsurance                   -3,724      -7.9
 Direct insurance                 199       4.2
 Auxiliary insurance services     201      15.4
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)         -2,240      -5.3
  Bermuda                      -2,048      -8.2   Insurance imports
                                                  from Bermuda
                                                  continued to decrease,
                                                  mainly because of
                                                  an 8 percent decrease
                                                  in reinsurance.
                                                  In recent years,
                                                  alternative
                                                  reinsurance
                                                  capital, such as
                                                  catastrophe
                                                  bonds and other
                                                  insurance-linked
                                                  securities,
                                                  has grown, and
                                                  this growth has
                                                  put pressure on
                                                  reinsurance pricing.
  Switzerland                    -283      -4.3
  United Kingdom                 -168      -3.3
  Ireland                         672      30.0   Insurance imports
                                                  from Ireland
                                                  increased.
                                                  The increase
                                                  reflected a 36 percent
                                                  increase in
                                                  reinsurance,
                                                  which reflected a 49
                                                  percent increase
                                                  in premiums
                                                  paid for reinsurance.
  Germany                        -413     -13.1
Other countries                -1,084      -9.5

(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
insurance services in 2014.

Table I. Financial Services

                            2012    2013    2014
                            Millions of dollars


Financial services exports  76,692  84,091  87,290








 Brokerage                  13,944  13,747  13,221
 Underwriting                2,118   2,145   2,877








 Credit card and other
 credit-related             16,027  17,439  19,309
 Management                 21,072  24,551  24,325
 Advisory                    7,516   8,807   8,837
 Other (1)                  16,016  17,402  18,721
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest
 countries (2)              27,010  29,519  31,458
  United Kingdom            12,994  13,975  14,971
  Canada                     5,354   5,686   5,870
  Belgium-Luxembourg         2,830   3,332   3,725
  Australia                  3,110   3,446   3,602
  Germany                    2,722   3,080   3,290
Other countries             49,682  54,572  55,832
Financial services imports  16,703  18,519  19,503






 Brokerage                   2,969   3,107   2,931
 Underwriting                  546     531     463
 Credit card and other
 credit-related              5,293   6,160   6,482
 Management                  2,847   3,610   4,066








 Advisory                    1,451   1,580   1,688
 Other (1)                   3,597   3,532   3,872
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the
 five largest
 countries (2)               8,155   9,532   10,201
  United Kingdom             4,617   5,614   6,144
  Canada                     1,301   1,531   1,659
  Japan                        917   1,000   1,031
  France                       708     710     687
  Hong Kong                    612     677     680
Other countries              8,548   8,987   9,302












                            Change 2013-2014
                            Millions
                            of dollars  Percent

Financial services exports   3,199       3.8    Financial
                                               services
                                               exports
                                               increased
                                               for the
                                               second
                                               year after
                                               decreasing
                                               in 2012.
 Brokerage                    -526      -3.8
 Underwriting                  732      34.1   Exports of
                                               underwriting
                                               services
                                               increased 34
                                               percent
                                               in 2014 after
                                               increasing only
                                               1 percent
                                               in 2013.
 Credit card and other
 credit-related              1,870      10.7
 Management                   -226      -0.9
 Advisory                       30       0.3
 Other (1)                   1,319       7.6
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest
 countries (2)               1,939       6.6
  United Kingdom               996       7.1
  Canada                       184       3.2
  Belgium-Luxembourg           393      11.8
  Australia                    156       4.5
  Germany                      210       6.8
Other countries              1,260       2.3
Financial services imports     984       5.3    Financial
                                               services imports
                                               continued to
                                               increase and
                                               were up 17
                                               percent from
                                               2012.
 Brokerage                    -176      -5.7
 Underwriting                  -68     -12.8
 Credit card and other
 credit-related                322       5.2
 Management                    456      12.6   Imports of
                                               financial
                                               management
                                               services
                                               increased in
                                               2014, and
                                               were up 43
                                               percent
                                               from 2012.
 Advisory                      108       6.8
 Other (1)                     340       9.6
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the
 five largest
 countries (2)                 669       7.0
  United Kingdom               530       9.4
  Canada                       128       8.4
  Japan                         31       3.1
  France                       -23      -3.2
  Hong Kong                      3       0.4
Other countries                315       3.5   Imports from
                                               countries
                                               other than
                                               the five
                                               largest
                                               countries
                                               increased,
                                               with particularly
                                               large increases
                                               in imports
                                               from India
                                               and Australia.

(1.) Includes securities lending, electronic funds transfer, and other
financial services.
(2.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
financial services in 2014.

Table J. Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property n.i.e.

                                   2012     2013     2014
                                   Millions of dollars


Charges for the use of
intellectual property
 n.i.e., exports                   124,440  127,927  130,362




















 Industrial processes               42,962   44,904   48,723
















 Computer software                  40,493   42,464   39,514








 Trademarks                         16,243   15,944   16,883
 Franchise fees                      5,913    6,097    5,735
 Audio-visual and related products  18,715   18,410   19,414
 Other intellectual property           114      108       94
Exports by affiliation:
 Unaffiliated                       47,047   49,473   47,962
 Affiliated                         77,392   78,453   82,400
  By U.S. parents to their
  foreign affiliates                72,421   72,752   77,401
  By U.S. affiliates to
  their foreign parents              4,971    5,702    4,999
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the
 five largest countries (1)         53,311   53,123   56,544
  Ireland                           13,952   14,814   18,752







  Switzerland                       9,371    10,134   10,636
  United Kingdom                    9,770     9,030    9,731
  Canada                            9,754     9,607    8,732
  Japan                            10,464     9,538    8,693
Other countries                    71,129    74,804   73,818
Charges for the use of
intellectual property
 n.i.e., imports                   38,661    38,999   42,124













 Industrial processes              22,140    22,508   23,783
 Computer software                  6,570     6,481    6,773
 Trademarks                         4,220     4,440       (D)
 Franchise fees                       167       189       (D)
 Audio-visual and
 related products                   5,472     5,253    7,643














 Other intellectual property           91       128      114
Imports by affiliation:
 Unaffiliated                      11,729    11,512   13,816
 Affiliated                        26,932    27,487   28,309
  By U.S. parents from their
  foreign affiliates                6,296     6,175    6,747
  By U.S. affiliates from
  their foreign parents            20,636    21,313   21,562
Imports by country:
 Total imports for
 the five largest countries (1)    25,871    26,942   28,234
  Japan                             9,043    11,615   12,406
  Switzerland                       5,528     5,672    5,116










  Germany                           4,042     3,966    4,263
  United Kingdom                    3,836     3,672    4,049
  France                            3,422     2,017    2,400
Other countries (2)                12,790    12,057   13,890

                                    Change 2013-2014
                                    Millions
                                    of dollars  Percent

Charges for the use of
intellectual property
 n.i.e., exports                   2,435      1.9    U.S. Trade in
                                                     Services--Charges
                                                     for the Use of
                                                     Intellectual
                                                     Property
                                                     Exports that
                                                     reflect charges
                                                     for the use of
                                                     intellectual
                                                     property
                                                     increased. The
                                                     increase mainly
                                                     reflected an
                                                     increase in
                                                     charges
                                                     associated
                                                     with industrial
                                                     processes,
                                                     which
                                                     represented
                                                     the largest
 Industrial processes                                portion of
                                                     exports
                                                     in 2014
                                                     (chart 9).
                                   3,819      8.5    The increase in
                                                     exports that
                                                     reflect
                                                     charges
                                                     associated
                                                     with
                                                     rights related
                                                     to industrial
                                                     processes
                                                     primarily
                                                     reflected
                                                     an increase in
                                                     manufacturing
 Computer software                                   abroad.
                                                     Charges
                                                     for these
                                                     rights are
                                                     generally
                                                     based on
                                                     the level of
                                                     production
                                                     and are therefore
 Trademarks                                          closely linked to
 Franchise fees                                      manufacturing.
 Audio-visual and related products-2,950     -6.9    Exports that
 Other intellectual property
Exports by affiliation:                              charges
 Unaffiliated                                        associated
 Affiliated                                          with computer
  By U.S. parents to their                           software
  foreign affiliates                                 decreased,
  By U.S. affiliates to                              mostly reflecting
  their foreign parents                              a decrease in
Exports by country:                                  exports
 Total exports for the                               to the Asia and
 five largest countries (1)                          Pacific region.
  Ireland                            939       5.9
                                    -362      -5.9
                                   1,004       5.5
                                     -14     -13.0

                                  -1,511      -3.1
                                   3,947       5.0

  Switzerland                      4,649       6.4
  United Kingdom
  Canada                            -703     -12.3
  Japan
Other countries
Charges for the use of             3,421       6.4
intellectual property              3,938      26.6   Exports to
 n.i.e., imports                                     Ireland
                                                     increased.
                                                     Ireland
                                                     continued to be
                                                     the largest
                                                     source of
                                                     exports that
                                                     reflect
                                                     charges for the
                                                     use of
                                                     intellectual
                                                     property.
                                     502       5.0
                                     701       7.8
 Industrial processes               -875      -9.1
 Computer software                  -845      -8.9
 Trademarks                         -986      -1.3
 Franchise fees
 Audio-visual and
 related products                  3,125       8.0   Imports
                                                     that reflect
                                                     charges for
                                                     the use
                                                     of intellectual
                                                     property
                                                     increased.
                                                     The largest
                                                     increase
                                                     was in charges
                                                     associated with
                                                     audio-visual and
                                                     related products,
                                                     which accounted
                                                     for a
 Other intellectual property                         larger share
Imports by affiliation:                              of imports
 Unaffiliated                                        in 2014
 Affiliated                                          than in 2013
  By U.S. parents from their                         (chart 10).
  foreign affiliates               1,275       5.7
  By U.S. affiliates from            292       4.5
  their foreign parents               (D)     (D)
Imports by country:                   (D)     (D)
 Total imports for
 the five largest countries (1)    2,390      45.5   The
  Japan                                              increase in
  Switzerland                                        charges
                                                     associated
                                                     with
                                                     audio-visual
                                                     and related
                                                     products
                                                     was partly
                                                     due to
                                                     payments to
                                                     international
                                                     organizations,
  Germany                                            which
  United Kingdom                                     included
  France                                             charges for
Other countries (2)                                  the rights to
                                                      broadcast the
                                                      2014 soccer
                                                      World Cup
                                                      games in Brazil.
Other intellectual property           -14     -10.9
Imports by affiliation:
Unaffiliated                        2,304      20.0
Affiliated                            822       3.0
By U.S. parents from their
foreign affiliates                    572       9.3
By U.S. affiliates from
their foreign parents                 249       1.2
Imports by country:
Total imports for
the five largest countries (1)      1,292       4.8
Japan                                 791       6.8
Switzerland                          -556      -9.8   Imports from
                                                      Switzerland
                                                      decreased,
                                                      mainly
                                                      reflecting
                                                      decreases in
                                                      charges
                                                      associated with
                                                      the use of
                                                      trademarks
                                                      and computer
                                                      software.
Germany                               297       7.5
United Kingdom                        377      10.3
France                                383      19.0
Other countries (2)                 1,833      15.2

n.i.e. Not included elsewhere (D) Suppressed to avoid disclosure of
data of individual companies.
(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or impor ts of
charges for the use of intellectual proper ty n.i.e. in 2014.
(2.) "Other countries" includes international organizations. Payments
to international organizations for the use of intellectual property are
often substantial.

Chart 9. Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property, Exports by Type

Billions of dollars

                                    2012   2013   2014

Industrial processes                43.0   44.9   48.7
Computer software                   40.5   42.5   39.5
Trademarks and franchise fees       22.2   22.0   22.6
Audio-visual and related products   18.7   18.4   19.4
Other intellectual property          0.1    0.1    0.1

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 10. Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property, Imports by Type

Billions of dollars

                                    2011   2012   2013

Industrial processes                22.1   22.5   23.8
Computer software                    6.6    6.5    6.8
Trademarks and franchise fees        4.4    4.6    3.8
Audio-visual and related products    5.5    5.3    7.6
Other intellectual property          0.1    0.1    0.1

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Table K. Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services

                              2012    2013    2014
                              Millions of dollars

Telecommunications,
computer, and
information services exports  32,510  35,035  35,885








 Telecommunications services  13,749  14,471  13,550
 Computer services            12,554  13,779  15,310
 Information services          6,207   6,784   7,025
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)        13,086  13,561  13,753
  United Kingdom               5,021   5,038   4,862
  Brazil                       4,104   4,470   4,617
  Japan                        1,400   1,495   1,567
  Switzerland                  1,412   1,381   1,399
  Germany                      1,149   1,177   1,308
Other countries               19,424  21,474  22,132













Telecommunications,
computer, and
information services imports  32,779  33,812  33,314











 Telecommunications services   7,169   7,348   6,656










 Computer services            23,865  24,438  24,386
 Information services          1,744   2,026   2,272
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)        20,341  20,553  21,318
  India                       10,392  10,610  11,344





  Canada                       5,619   5,322   5,089
  United Kingdom.              2,456   2,377   2,640
  Philippines                  1,059   1,253   1,234
  Mexico                         815     991   1,011
Other countries               12,438  13,259  11,996

                              Change 2013-2014
                              Millions
                              of dollars  Percent
Telecommunications,
computer, and
information services exports   850        2.4  Exports of
                                               telecommunications,
                                               computer, and
                                               information
                                               services continued
                                               to increase.
                                               Exports were
                                               up 10 percent
                                               from 2012.
 Telecommunications services  -921       -6.4
 Computer services           1,531       11.1
 Information services          241        3.6
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)         192        1.4
  United Kingdom              -176       -3.5
  Brazil                       147        3.3
  Japan                         72        4.8
  Switzerland                   18        1.3
  Germany                      131       11.1
Other countries                658        3.1  Exports to
                                               countries
                                               other than
                                               the five
                                               largest
                                               countries
                                               increased,
                                               with particularly
                                               large increases
                                               in exports
                                               to Canada,
                                               Singapore,
                                               and China.

Telecommunications,
computer, and
information services imports  -498       -1.5  Imports of
                                               telecommunications,
                                               computer, and
                                               information
                                               services decreased,
                                               with the largest
                                               decreases
                                               occurring in
                                               imports from
                                               China, the
                                               Netherlands,
                                               and Canada.
 Telecommunications services  -692       -9.4  Imports of
                                               telecommunications
                                               services decreased,
                                               with the largest
                                               decrease in imports
                                               from Europe,
                                               particularly
                                               from the United
                                               Kingdom and
                                               from the
                                               Netherlands.
 Computer services             -52       -0.2
 Information services          246       12.1
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five
 largest countries (1)         765        3.7
  India                        734        6.9  Imports from
                                               India increased,
                                               mainly reflecting
                                               an increase
                                               in computer
                                               services.
  Canada                      -233       -4.4
  United Kingdom.              263       11.1
  Philippines                  -19       -1.5
  Mexico                        20        2.0
Other countries             -1,263       -9.5

(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
telecommunications, computer, and information services in 2014.

Table L. Other Business Services Exports

                                    2012     2013     2014
                                    Millions of dollars

Other business services exports     120,382  121,873  129,514














 Research and development services   27,680   29,258   33,192
 Professional and
 management consulting
 services                            53,542   55,649   59,487
  Legal ser vices                     8,280    9,030    9,104
  Accounting, auditing,
  and bookkeeping
  services                            1,214    1,180    1,391
  Business and management
  consulting and
  public relations ser vices         36,624   36,876   39,149












  Adver tising                        7,424    8,564    9,842
 Technical, trade-related,
 and other business
 services                            39,160   36,965   36,834
  Architectural and
  engineering services               13,411   12,872   12,343
  Construction                        3,182    2,109    1,971
  Industrial engineering              3,895    3,375    4,085
  Operating leasing services          8,310    8,403    7,505



 Other (1)                           10,363   10,206   10,931
Exports by affiliation:
 Unaffiliated                        48,661   47,999   49,430
 Affiliated                          71,720   73,874   80,084
  By U.S. parents to their
  foreign affiliates                 45,536   46,736   53,348
  By U.S. affiliates to their
  foreign parents                    26,184   27,137   26,735
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (2)               48,318   49,345   55,192
  Ireland                            10,394   11,221   15,320








  United Kingdom                     10,376   10,593   11,385
  Switzerland                        10,503   10,267   10,956
  Canada                              9,577    9,333    9,366
  Japan                               7,468    7,931    8,165
Other countries                      72,064   72,528   74,322

                                    Change 2013-2014
                                    Millions
                                    of dollars Percent

Other business services exports     7,641        6.3   U.S. Trade in
                                                       Services--Other
                                                       Business
                                                       Services
                                                       Exports
                                                       Exports of other
                                                       business
                                                       services
                                                       increased,
                                                       mainly
                                                       reflecting
                                                       increases
                                                       in research and
                                                       development
                                                       services
 Research and development services                     and in
 Professional and                                      professional
 management consulting                                 and management
 services                                              consulting
  Legal ser vices                                      services
  Accounting, auditing,                                (chart 11).
  and bookkeeping                   3,934       13.4
  services
  Business and management
  consulting and                    3,838        6.9
  public relations ser vices           74        0.8


                                      211       17.9


                                    2,273        6.2   Exports of
                                                       business
                                                       and management
                                                       consulting and
                                                       public relations
                                                       services
                                                       increased,
  Adver tising                                         reflecting
 Technical, trade-related,                             a large
 and other business                                    increase in
 services                                              exports
  Architectural and                                    to Europe,
  engineering services                                 particularly to
  Construction                                         Ireland,
  Industrial engineering                               the United
  Operating leasing services                           Kingdom, and
                                                       Switzerland.
                                    1,278       14.9

 Other (1)
Exports by affiliation:              -131       -0.4
 Unaffiliated
 Affiliated                          -529       -4.1
  By U.S. parents to their           -138       -6.5
  foreign affiliates                  710       21.0
  By U.S. affiliates to their        -898      -10.7   Exports of
  foreign parents                                      operating
Exports by country:                                    leasing services
 Total exports for the five                            decreased in all
 largest countries (2)                                 regions except
  Ireland                                              Canada.
                                      725        7.1

                                    1,431        3.0
                                    6,210        8.4

                                    6,612       14.1

                                     -402       -1.5
  United Kingdom
  Switzerland
  Canada                            5,847       11.8
  Japan                             4,099       36.5   Exports to
Other countries                                        Ireland continued
                                                       to increase and
                                                       were up
                                                       63 percent from
                                                       2010,
                                                       particularly
                                                       in research and
                                                       development
                                                       services.
United Kingdom                        792        7.5
Switzerland                           689        6.7
Canada                                 33        0.4
Japan                                 234        3.0
Other countries                     1,794        2.5

(1.) This category includes mining, trade-related services, sports and
performing arts, training services, and other business services n.i.e.
(not included elsewhere)
(2.) The rank is based on the total value of exports of other business
services in 2014.

Chart 11. Other Business Services Exports by Type

Billions of dollars

                                2012   2013   2014

Technical, trade-related and
other business services         39.2   37.0   36.8
Professional and management
consulting services             53.5   55.6   59.5
Research and development
services                        27.7   29.3   33.2

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Table M. Other Business Services Imports

                                                 2012    2013    2014
                                                  Millions of dollars


Other business services imports                  87,157  91,389  95,752
















 Research and development services               28,552  30,978  33,048
 Professional and management consulting
  services                                       33,212  34,462  38,163
  Legal services                                  2,033   1,980   2,050
  Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
   services                                       2,211   2,437   2,643
  Business and management consulting and
   public relations ser vices                    25,680  26,841  30,078













 Advertising                                      3,287   3,203   3,393
Technical, trade-related, and other business
 services                                        25,394  25,949  24,542
 Architectural and engineering services           4,807   5,099   4,986
 Construction                                     3,264   2,522   2,261
 Industrial engineering                           3,503   3,268   2,691






 Operating leasing services                       2,715   3,447   3,509
Other (1)                                        11,105  11,613  11,094
Imports by affiliation:
 Unaffiliated                                    26,987  26,431  27,076
 Affiliated                                      60,170  64,958  68,676
  By U.S. parents from their foreign affiliates  44,065  47,129  50,765
  By U.S. affiliates from their foreign parents  16,106  17,829  17,911
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the five largest
 countries (2)                                   37,107  39,595  39,856
  United Kingdom                                 12,539  12,602  13,353
  Germany                                         5,783   6,818   7,118
  Ireland                                         6,242   7,016   7,086
  Canada                                          7,525   7,658   6,838








  Switzerland                                     5,018   5,501   5,461
Other countries                                  50,050  51,794  55,896

                                   Change 2013-2014
                                   Millions
                                   of dollars  Percent

Other business services imports    4,363       4.8    U.S. Trade in
                                                      Services--Other
                                                      Business Services
                                                      Imports
                                                      Imports of other
                                                      business services
                                                      increased, mainly
                                                      reflecting
                                                      increases in
                                                      professional and
                                                      management
                                                      consulting
                                                      services and in
                                                      research and
                                                      development
                                                      services (chart
                                                      12).
Research and development services   2,070      6.7
Professional and management
consulting
services                            3,701     10.7
Legal services                         70      3.5
Accounting, auditing,
and bookkeeping
services                              206      8.5
Business and management
consulting and
public relations ser vices          3,237     12.1    Imports of
                                                      business and
                                                      management
                                                      consulting
                                                      and
                                                      public
                                                      relations
                                                      services
                                                      increased,
                                                      with
                                                      the largest
                                                      increase
                                                      in imports
                                                      from
                                                      Europe,
                                                      particularly
                                                      from the
                                                      United
                                                      Kingdom.
Adver tising                          190      5.9
Technical, trade-related,
and other business
services                           -1,407     -5.4
Architectural and
engineering services                 -113     -2.2
Construction                         -261    -10.3
Industrial engineering               -577    -17.7    Imports of
                                                      industrial
                                                      engineering
                                                      decreased
                                                      for the
                                                      third year
                                                      in a row.
Operating leasing services             62      1.8
Other (1)                            -519     -4.5
Imports by affiliation:
Unaffiliated                          645      2.4
Affiliated                          3,718      5.7
By U.S. parents from their
foreign affiliates                  3,636      7.7
By U.S. affiliates from
their foreign parents                  82      0.5
Imports by country:
Total imports for the five
largest countries (2)                 261      0.7
United Kingdom                        751      6.0
Germany                               300      4.4
Ireland                                70      1.0
Canada                               -820    -10.7    Imports from
                                                      Canada decreased,
                                                      reflecting a
                                                      32 percent
                                                      decrease in
                                                      technical,
                                                      trade-related,
                                                      and other
                                                      business
                                                      services.
Switzerland                           -40     -0.7
Other countries                     4,102      7.9

(1.) This category includes mining, trade-related services, sports and
performing arts, training services, and other business services n.i.e.
(not included elsewhere)
(2.) The rank is based on the total value of impor ts of other business
services in 2014.

Chart 12. Other Business Services Imports by Type

Billions of dollars

                                2012   2013   2014

Technical, trade-related, and
other business services         25.4   25.9   24.5
Professional and management
consulting services             33.2   34.5   38.2
Research and development
services                        28.6   31.0   33.0

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Table N. Government Goods and Services n.i.e.

                              2012    2013    2014
                              Millions of dollars

Government goods and
services n.i.e. exports       22,835  22,946  20,438








Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)         2,764   3,231   3,435
  Saudi Arabia                 1,249   1,755   1,479
  Japan                          529     458     617
  Taiwan                         481     419     507
  India                          217     260     434
  China                          288     339     398
Other countries               20,071  19,715  17,003






















Government goods and
services n.i.e. imports       27,861  25,334  24,163
government




Imports by country:
 Total imports for the
 five largest countries (1)   14,402  13,514  13,214
  Germany                      6,656   6,103   5,644
  Japan                        2,740   2,569   2,962
  Korea, Republic of           2,509   2,529   2,472
  Italy                        1,393   1,321   1,185
  United Kingdom               1,104     992     951
Other countries               13,459  11,820  10,949














                              Change 2013-2014
                              Millions
                              of dollars  Percent
Government goods and
services n.i.e. exports       -2,508      -10.9  Exports of
                                                 government
                                                 goods and
                                                 services
                                                 decreased
                                                 after
                                                 increasing
                                                 for 3 years
                                                 in a row.
Exports by country:
 Total exports for the five
 largest countries (1)           204        6.3
  Saudi Arabia                  -276      -15.7
  Japan                          159       34.7
  Taiwan                          88       21.0
  India                          174       66.9
  China                           59       17.4
Other countries               -2,712      -13.8  The decrease
                                                 in countries
                                                 other than
                                                 the five
                                                 largest
                                                 countries
                                                 mainly reflects
                                                 a decrease in
                                                 equipment and
                                                 services provided
                                                 to Afghanistan
                                                 through grant
                                                 programs
                                                 funded by the U.S.
                                                 government.
                                                 Afghanistan is
                                                 included in
                                                 the Other Asia
                                                 and Pacific region,
                                                 which is
                                                 included in "other
                                                 countries" in
                                                 this table.
Government goods and
services n.i.e. imports       -1,171      -4.6   Imports of
government
                                                  goods and
                                                  services decreased
                                                 for the fourth
                                                 year in a row.
Imports by country:
 Total imports for the
 five largest countries (1)     -300      -2.2
  Germany                       -459      -7.5
  Japan                          393      15.3
  Korea, Republic of             -57      -2.3
  Italy                         -136     -10.3
  United Kingdom                 -41      -4.1
Other countries                 -871      -7.4   Imports from
                                                 countries other
                                                 than the five
                                                 largest
                                                 countries
                                                 decreased,
                                                 mainly reflecting
                                                 decreases in
                                                 imports
                                                 from countries
                                                 in the Middle
                                                 East and the Asia
                                                 and Pacific
                                                 region.

n.i.e. Not included elsewhere
(1.) The rank is based on the total value of exports or imports of
government goods and services n.i.e. in 2014.

Table O. Services Supplied to Foreign Persons by Industry and Country
of the Foreign Affiliate and to U.S. Persons by Industry and Country of
the Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO), 2013 [Millions of dollars]



                       All                        Wholesale  Retail
                       industries  Manufacturing  trade      trade

                       Services supplied to foreign persons by U.S.
                       MNEs through their majority-owned foreign
                       affiliates by country of the foreign affiliate

All countries          1,320,875     30,138         240,555    104,871
Total for the
10 largest
countries (1)            815,764     20,401         150,441    64,906
United Kingdom           190,674      6,823          13,358    19,692
Canada                   127,589      2,688          18,435    23,099
Ireland                   86,097         (D)          5,232        90
Japan                     71,568        469          13,178     5,000
Germany                   67,124      1,869          15,512     6,868
Switzerland               64,214        372          29,394     4,181
Singapore                 59,522        (D)          24,912       210
Australia                 52,580        967           7,485     1,135
France                    48,535      3,052          11,469     2,824
Netherlands               47,861      1,271          11,467     1,806
Other countries          505,111      9,737          90,114    39,965

                         Services supplied to U.S. persons by foreign
                         MNEs through their majority-owned U.S.
                         affiliates by country of the UBO

All countries            878,471     82,562         146,882    45,925
Total for the 10
largest countries (1)    722,315     72,503         102,265    36,246
Japan                    146,509     13,223          56,022     6,067
United Kingdom           126,771     15,693           8,075     3,835
Germany                  120,203     19,287          13,742     6,611
France                    87,124      5,438           4,368     3,032
Canada                    84,394      4,209           4,811     7,186
Switzerland               52,024      8,112           2,729        (D)
Netherlands               44,936      3,800           6,440     8,791
Australia                 22,865        626             274        (D)
Ireland                   19,889      1,958           1,590         0
Bermuda                   17,602        158           4,214         3
Other countries          156,155     10,060          44,617     9,680


                                                  Real estate
                                    Finance and   and rental
                       Information  insurance     and leasing

                       Services supplied to foreign persons by U.S.
                       MNEs through their majority-owned foreign
                       affiliates by country of the foreign affiliate

All countries            180,541    220,917          44,739
Total for the
10 largest
countries (1)            129,252    136,439          32,776
United Kingdom            24,327     51,817           5,145
Canada                     7,420     12,135           7,090
Ireland                   47,903      8,728           7,330
Japan                      5,839     28,759             686
Germany                   10,523      4,661           2,796
Switzerland                5,495      1,612           2,089
Singapore                  5,760     11,486           2,871
Australia                  7,606      9,760           1,672
France                     5,259      4,642           1,118
Netherlands                9,119      2,839           1,979
Other countries           51,288     84,478          11,964

                         Services supplied to U.S. persons by foreign
                         MNEs through their majority-owned U.S.
                         affiliates by country of the UBO

All countries            113,198    176,124          23,518
Total for the 10
largest countries (1)    100,297    163,032          19,581
Japan                         (D)    13,383           1,387
United Kingdom            18,031     26,941           5,361
Germany                       (D)    21,861           3,390
France                        (D)    19,315              35
Canada                     7,090     29,103           4,501
Switzerland                  132     20,351              (D)
Netherlands                4,033     14,136             510
Australia                     39     10,907              (D)
Ireland                       34         (D)             20
Bermuda                       (D)        (D)             58
Other countries           12,900     13,092           3,936

                       Professional,
                       scientific, and
                       technical        Other
                       services         industries

                       Services supplied to foreign persons by U.S.
                       MNEs through their majority-owned foreign
                       affiliates by country of the foreign affiliate

All countries            196,673          302,442
Total for the
10 largest
countries (1)            126,420         155,129
United Kingdom.           30,526          38,986
Canada                    18,585          38,137
Ireland                    9,244              (D)
Japan                     13,759           3,878
Germany                    8,521          16,373
Switzerland               16,455           4,616
Singapore                  2,679              (D)
Australia                 14,096           9,859
France                     6,078          14,092
Netherlands                6,476          12,904
Other countries           70,253         147,313

                         Services supplied to U.S. persons by foreign
                         MNEs through their majority-owned U.S.
                         affiliates by country of the UBO

All countries             96,042         194,219
Total for the 10
largest countries (1)     81,777         146,614
Japan                      4,181              (D)
United Kingdom             9,754          39,080
Germany                       (D)         22,923
France                    33,373              (D)
Canada                     6,291          21,204
Switzerland                1,004          18,905
Netherlands                2,152           5,075
Australia                  2,643              (D)
Ireland                       (D)             77
Bermuda                        8           7,867
Other countries           14,265          47,605

MNEs Multinational enterprises 0 Transactions are possible but are
zerofor a given period. D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of
individual companies.
(1.) The rank is based on the total value of services supplied to
foreign persons by U.S. MNEs through their majority-owned foreign
affiliates or services supplied to U.S. persons by foreign MNEs through
their majority-owned U.S. affiliates in 2013.

Table P. Services Supplied Through Affiliates by Destination, 2012-2013

                                              Percent
                                              change      Percent of
                                              from        total
                                Billions      preceding   services
                                of dollars    year        supplied
                                2012   2013   2012  2013  2012  2013

 Services supplied by U.S. MNEs through their majority -owned foreign
 affiliates

Total services supplied         1,400  1,441  4.0   2.9   ....  ....
 Services supplied to
 U.S. persons                     114    120 14.3   4.9    8.2   8.3
 Services supplied
 to foreign persons             1,286  1,321  3.1   2.7   91.8  91.7
  Local market                  1,011  1,028  2.8   1.7   72.2  71.4
  Other markets.                  275    292  4.2   6.4   19.6  20.3

 Services supplied by foreign MNEs through their majority-owned U.S.
 affiliates

Total services supplied           898    964  4.5   7.4   ....  ....
 Services supplied to
 U.S. persons                     813    878  4.1   8.0   90.6  91.1
 Services supplied
 to foreign persons                 84     85  8.5   1.0    9.4   8.9

MNEs Multinational enterprises

Table Q. Services Supplied to Foreign Persons by U.S. MNEs Through
Their Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Selected Country of the
Affiliate

                   2012       2013
                   Millions of dollars


All countries      1,285,947  1,320,875


















 Canada              127,406    127,589
 Europe              638,612    649,201
  France              47,550     48,535
  Germany             63,116     67,124
  Ireland             82,598     86,097
  Netherlands         47,577     47,861
  Switzerland         60,589     64,214














  United Kingdom     194,359    190,674
Latin America and
Other Wester
n Hemisphere         156,506    166,657
 South and
Central America      119,047    125,575
  Brazil              38,290     39,594
  Mexico              40,478     43,393










 Other Western
 Hemisphere           37,459     41,082
  United Kingdom
  Islands,
  Caribbean           11,350     16,264





















 Africa               15,145     14,279
























 Middle East          16,423     17,520
  Saudi Arabia         3,156      4,319
 Asia and Pacific    331,854    345,630
  Australia           50,398     52,580
  China               39,810     43,257
  India               17,067     21,301










  Japan               76,785     71,568
  Singapore           54,830     59,522

                      Change 2012-2013
                      Millions
                      of dollars  Percent

All countries          34,928          2.7   In Canada,
                                             services
                                             supplied
                                             by affiliates
                                             increased
                                             slightly.
                                             Significant
                                             growth in real
                                             estate and rental
                                             and leasing and
                                             in professional,
                                             scientific, and
                                             technical
                                             services more
                                             than offset sharp
                                             decreases in
                                             finance
                                             and insurance and
                                             in retail trade.
 Canada                   183          0.1
 Europe                10,589          1.7
  France                  985          2.1
  Germany               4,008          6.4
  Ireland               3,499          4.2
  Netherlands             284          0.6
  Switzerland           3,625          6.0   In Switzerland,
                                             services supplied
                                             increased, and
                                             the increase
                                             was largest in
                                             wholesale
                                             trade--
                                             particularly in
                                             nondurable
                                             goods--as well
                                             as in professional,
                                             scientific,
                                             and technical
                                             services and
                                             in retail trade.
  United Kingdom       -3,685         -1.9
Latin America andd
Other Wester
n Hemisphere           10,151          6.5
 South and
Central America         6,528          5.5
  Brazil                1,304          3.4
  Mexico                2,915          7.2   In Mexico,
                                             services supplied
                                             increased, and the
                                             increase
                                             was widespread
                                             across industries.
                                             The largest
                                             increases were
                                             in retail trade
                                             and in finance
                                             and insurance.
 Other Western
 Hemisphere             3,623          9.7
  United Kingdom
  Islands,
  Caribbean             4,914         43.3   In United Kingdom
                                             Islands, Caribbean,
                                             services supplied
                                             increased
                                             sharply. The
                                             increase was
                                             largely
                                             accounted
                                             for by
                                             acquisitions of
                                             affiliates in
                                             finance and
                                             insurance and
                                             by increases in
                                             services supplied
                                             by existing
                                             affiliates in
                                             wholesale trade
                                             and in real
                                             estate and
                                             rental and
                                             leasing.
 Africa                  -866         -5.7   In Africa,
                                             services
                                             supplied decreased,
                                             following a
                                             strong increase in
                                             2012 (chart 13).
                                             More than half of
                                             the decrease was
                                             accounted for
                                             by the
                                             acquisitions of
                                             U.S. MNE's
                                             foreign
                                             affiliates
                                             in utilities
                                             by foreign-owned
                                             companies.
                                             Africa accounted
                                             for the smallest
                                             share of services
                                             supplied by
                                             foreign
                                             affiliates by major
                                             area in 2013
                                             (chart 14).
 Middle East            1,097          6.7
  Saudi Arabia          1,163         36.9
 Asia and Pacific      13,776          4.2
  Australia             2,182          4.3
  China                 3,447          8.7
  India                 4,234         24.8   In India, services
                                             supplied increased,
                                             and more than
                                             half of the increase
                                             was in professional,
                                             scientific, and
                                             technical services,
                                             particularly
                                             computer
                                             systems design
                                             and related services.
  Japan                -5,217         -6.8
  Singapore             4,692          8.6

MNEs Multinational enterprises

Chart 13. Growth in Services Supplied Through Affiliates to Foreign
Persons by Major Area of Affiliate, 2012 and 2013


                       Percent change from the preceding year
                               2012         2013

All countries                   3.1         2.7
Canada                          1.0         0.1
Europe                          1.5         1.7
Latin America and
Other Western
Hemisphere                      6.6         6.5
Africa                         18.0        -5.7
Middle East                    12.3         6.7
Asia and Pacific                4.6         4.2

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 14. Services Supplied Trough Affiliates to Foreign Persons by
Major Area of Affiliate, 2013

Canada                     (9.7%)
Europe                    (49.1%)
Latin America and Other
Western Hemisphere        (12.6%)
Africa                     (1.1%)
Middle East                (1.3%)
Asia and Pacific          (26.2%)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Table R. Services Supplied to Foreign Persons by U.S. MNEs Through
Their Majority-Owned Foreign Affiliates by Selected Industry

                           2012       2013
                           Millions of dollars


All industries             1,285,947  1,320,875
 Manufacturing                30,916     30,138
















 Wholesale trade             234,708    240,555

































  Professional and
  commercial
  equipment and
  supplies                    78,037     77,571
 Retail trade                100,220    104,871













 Information                 172,583    180,541
  Publishing industries       53,680     53,461














  Broadcasting (except
  internet)                   14,107     16,569
 Finance and insurance       221,497    220,917
  Finance                    157,151    156,112
  Insurance carriers and
  related activities          64,346     64,805
 Real estate and rental
 and leasing                  43,300     44,739



















 Professional, scientific,
 companies to U.S. MNEs
 and technical services      195,213    196,673
  Architectural,
  engineering, and related
  services                    35,780         (D)
  Computer systems
  design and related
  services                    85,291     83,435
  Management, scientific,
  and technical
  consulting                  21,715     24,110
 Other industries            287,508    302,443
  Mining                      44,603     51,383
  Utilities                   38,059     34,994
  Transportation and
  warehousing                 59,897     63,132
  Health care and
  social assistance               (D)     5,264





















 Accommodation and
 food services                50,668     52,214

                           Change 2012-2013
                           Millions
                           of dollars  Pe rcent

All industries               34,928      2.7
 Manufacturing                 -778     -2.5   Some affiliates
                                               that are primarily
                                               manufacturers also
                                               deliver services as
                                               a secondary activity.
                                               In manufacturing,
                                               services supplied by
                                               affiliates decreased
                                               for the
                                               second straight year
                                               (chart 15).The 2013
                                               decrease was
                                               more than accounted
                                               for by a decrease in
                                               services supplied
                                               by Canadian
                                               affiliates.
 Wholesale trade              5,847      2.5   In wholesale
                                               trade, services
                                               supplied
                                               increased, and
                                               the increase was
                                               mostly accounted
                                               for by an increase
                                               in services
                                               supplied by
                                               nondurable-goods
                                               merchant
                                               wholesalers
                                               that was partly
                                               offset by a
                                               significant
                                               decrease
                                               in services
                                               supplied by
                                               merchant
                                               wholesalers in
                                               petroleum and
                                               petroleum
                                               products.
                                               Except for "other
                                               industries,"
                                               wholesale trade
                                               is the largest
                                               major industry
                                               category for
                                               services supplied
                                               to foreign
                                               persons by
                                               affiliates of
                                               U.S. MNEs (chart 16).
  Professional and
  commercial
  equipment and
  supplies                     -466     -0.6
 Retail trade                 4,651      4.6   In retail trade,
                                               services
                                               supplied
                                               increased, and
                                               the increase
                                               was largest for
                                               affiliates in
                                               general
                                               merchandise
                                               and nonstore
                                               retail,
                                               particularly
                                               online
                                               retailers.
 Information                  7,958      4.6
  Publishing industries        -219     -0.4   In information,
                                               services
                                               supplied
                                               increased,
                                               and the
                                               increase was
                                               largest for
                                               affiliates that
                                               provide Internet
                                               search and
                                               social
                                               networking
                                               services,
                                               particularly in
                                               Ireland.
  Broadcasting (except
  internet)                   2,462     17.5
 Finance and insurance         -580     -0.3
  Finance                    -1,039     -0.7
  Insurance carriers and
  related activities            459      0.7
 Real estate and rental
 and leasing                  1,439      3.3   In real estate
                                               and rental and
                                               leasing,
                                               services supplied
                                               increased
                                               but at a
                                               slower rate than
                                               in 2012. The
                                               increase
                                               was more than
                                               accounted for
                                               by growth in
                                               automotive
                                               equipment rental
                                               and leasing that
                                               was due to
                                               the transfer of
                                               ownership of some
                                               affiliates
                                               in Canada
 Professional, scientific,                     from Canadian
 companies to U.S. MNEs
 and technical services       1,460      0.7
  Architectural,
  engineering, and related
  services                       (D)    (D)
  Computer systems
  design and related
  services                   -1,856     -2.2
  Management, scientific,
  and technical
  consulting                  2,395     11.0
 Other industries            14,935      5.2
  Mining                      6,780     15.2
  Utilities                  -3,065     -8.1
  Transportation and
  warehousing                 3,235      5.4
  Health care and
  social assistance              (D)    (D)    In health care
                                               and social
                                               assistance,
                                               services
                                               supplied
                                               increased
                                               sharply.
                                               The
                                               increase was
                                               mostly
                                               accounted
                                               for by the
                                               transfer of
                                               ownership of
                                               some
                                               affiliates in
                                               Canada and
                                               Europe from
                                               foreign
                                               companies
                                               to U.S.
                                               MNEs.
 Accommodation and
 food services                1,546      3.1

MNEs Multinational enterprises
(D) Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies.

Chart 15. Growth in Services Supplied Through Affiliates to Foreign
Persons by Major Industrty of Affiliate, 2012 and 2013

                            Percent change from the preceding year
                                        2012    2013

All industries                           3.1    2.7
Manufacturing                           -3.2   -2.5
Wholesale trade                         -1.1    2.5
Retail trade                             9.4    4.6
Information                              6.3    4.6
Fianance and insurance                  -1.4   -0.3
Real state and
rental and leasing                      10.5    3.3
Professional, scientific,
and technical services                   6.7    0.7
Other industries                         3.8    5.2


U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 16. Services Supplied Through Affiliates to Foreign Persons by
Major Persons by Major Industry of Affiliate, 2013


Manufacturing                (2.3%)
Wholesale trade             (18.2%)
Retail trade                 (7.9%)
Information                 (13.7%)
Fianance and insurance      (16.7%)
Real state and
rental and leasing           (3.4%)
Professional, scientific,
and technical services      (14.9%)
Other industries            (22.9)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Table S. Services Supplied to U.S. Persons by Foreign MNEs Through
Their Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Selected Country of the UBO

                       2012     2013
                       Millions of dollars


All countries          813,285  878,471
 Canada                 81,625   84,394
 Europe                488,576  506,237
  France                81,964   87,124















  Germany              115,814  120,203
  Ireland               18,633   19,889
  Netherlands           41,289   44,936
  Spain                 10,168   10,206
  Switzerland           52,533   52,024
  United Kingdom       122,849  126,771
 Latin America
 and Other
 Western
 Hemisphere             47,757   48,547
  South and
  Central America       10,328   10,756
   Mexico                6,626    7,503










  Other Western
  Hemisphere            37,428   37,790
   Bermuda              17,067   17,602
 Africa                    387      292
 Middle East            10,681   10,089
























 Asia and Pacific      175,421  218,123
  Australia             21,977   22,865
  China                  4,475    4,437
  India                 10,996   11,850
  Japan                107,731  146,509



































  Korea, Republic of   13,917   16,121
 United States          8,839   10,788


























                      Change 2012-2013
                      Millions
                      of dollars Percent

All countries           65,186      8.0
 Canada                  2,769      3.4
 Europe                 17,661      3.6
  France                 5,160      6.3   For France,
                                          services supplied
                                          through affiliates
                                          to the
                                          U.S. market
                                          increased, and
                                          the increase was
                                          largest in
                                          insurance and
                                          in professional,
                                          scientific, and
                                          technical
                                          services,
                                          particularly
                                          advertising and
                                          related services.
  Germany                4,389      3.8
  Ireland                1,256      6.7
  Netherlands            3,647      8.8
  Spain                     38      0.4
  Switzerland             -509     -1.0
  United Kingdom         3,922      3.2
 Latin America
 and Other
 Western
 Hemisphere                790      1.7
  South and
  Central America          428      4.1
   Mexico                  877     13.2   For Mexico,
                                          services supplied
                                          increased, and
                                          the increase
                                          was more than
                                          accounted for
                                          by an increase in
                                          sales to new
                                          customers for
                                          some affiliates
                                          in telecommunications.
  Other Western
  Hemisphere               362      1.0
   Bermuda                 535      3.1
 Africa                    -95    -24.5
 Middle East              -592     -5.5   For the Middle
                                          East, services
                                          supplied
                                          decreased for
                                          the second straight
                                          year (chart 17).
                                          The 2013 decrease
                                          was more than
                                          accounted for
                                          by a decrease
                                          in services
                                          supplied in
                                          manufacturers'
                                          secondary
                                          activities that
                                          reflected foreign
                                          parents' partial
                                          divestment in some
                                          manufacturing
                                          affiliates that
                                          led the
                                          affiliates to become
                                          minority owned
                                          rather than
                                          majority owned.
 Asia and Pacific       42,702     24.3
  Australia                888      4.0
  China                    -38     -0.8
  India                    854      7.8
  Japan                 38,778     36.0   For Japan, services
                                          supplied increased
                                          sharply. Most of
                                          the increase was
                                          accounted for by
                                          acquisitions of U.S.
                                          affiliates in
                                          telecommunications.
                                          Japanese-owned
                                          affiliates
                                          now account for
                                          nearly half of
                                          all services
                                          supplied
                                          through affiliates
                                          in telecommunications.
                                          Japan's
                                          growth was the
                                          major contributor to
                                          the increase of
                                          Asia and Pacific's
                                          share of all
                                          services
                                          supplied by
                                          affiliates
                                          to U.S. persons to
                                          25 percent, its
                                          highest level
                                          since at least
                                          1999, the first
                                          year for which
                                          BEA published
                                          statistics by
                                          region on services
                                          supplied (chart
                                          18).
  Korea, Republic of     2,204     15.8
 United States           1,949     22.1   For the United
                                          States as a UBO,
                                          services supplied
                                          increased,
                                          and the increase
                                          was more than
                                          accounted for
                                          by the transfer
                                          of ownership of
                                          some affiliates
                                          in insurance
                                          from MNEs in the
                                          United Kingdom
                                          to U.S.
                                          MNEs. This
                                          transfer did not
                                          affect total
                                          services supplied,
                                          because it was also
                                          recorded as a
                                          decrease in
                                          services
                                          supplied by U.S.
                                          affiliates of the
                                          MNEs in the
                                          United Kingdom.

MNEs Multinational enterprises

Chart 17. Growth in Services Supplied Through Affiliates to U.S.
Persons by Major Area of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2012 and 2013

                          Percent change from the preceding year
                                       2012  2013

All countries                          4.1    8.0
Canada                                 1.2    3.4
Europe                                 2.5    3.6
Latin America and
Other Western Hemisphere              13.9    1.7
Africa                                -6.7  -24.5
Middle East                           -2.1   -5.5
Asia and Pacific                       8.6   24.3
United Stats                          -5.3   22.1

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 18. Services Supplied Through Affiliates to U.S. Persons by Major
Area of Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2013

Canada                       (9.6%)
Europe                      (57.6%)
Latin America and
Other Western Hemisphere     (5.5%)
Africa                      (<0.1%)
Middle East                  (1.1)
Asia and Pacific            (24.8%)
United Stats                 (1.2%)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Table T. Services Supplied to U.S. Persons by Foreign MNEs Through
Their Majority-Owned U.S. Affiliates by Selected Industry

                              2012     2013
                              Millions of dollars


All industries                813,285  878,471
 Manufacturing                 81,434   82,562
  Transportation equipment     25,925   25,987
 Wholesale trade              141,586  146,882





























  Motor vehicles and
  motor vehicle parts and
  supplies                     31,355   31,936
  Professional and
  commercial equipment and
  supplies                     17,153   17,914
 Retail trade                  44,535   45,925
 Information                   73,838  113,198
  Telecommunications           35,383   73,380




























 Finance and insurance        173,947  176,124

























  Finance                     102,676  106,669
  Insurance carriers and
  related activities           71,272   69,456
 Real estate and rental
 and leasing                   20,341   23,518
 Professional,
 scientific, and
 technical services            90,156   96,042
  Architectural,
  engineering, and related
  services                     12,874   13,346
  Computer systems
  design and related
  services                     22,065   24,140















  Adver tising and
  related services             33,284   35,573
 Other industries             187,449  194,219
  Mining                       33,697   34,049
  Transportation and
  warehousing                  50,794   51,891









  Administration,
  support, and waste
  management                   35,611   36,304
  Accommodation and
  food services                29,743   30,173

                              Change 2012-2013
                              Millions
                              of dollars  Percent

All industries                  65,186      8.0
 Manufacturing                   1,128      1.4
  Transportation equipment          62      0.2
 Wholesale trade                 5,296      3.7    In wholesale
                                                   trade,
                                                   services supplied
                                                   increased, and
                                                   the increase was
                                                   widespread across
                                                   subindustries. The
                                                   largest increases
                                                   were in merchant
                                                   wholesalers of
                                                   drugs and druggists'
                                                   sundries and of
                                                   electrical goods.
                                                   (Drugs and
                                                   druggists'
                                                   sundries and
                                                   electrical goods
                                                   are not included
                                                   in either of
                                                   the industries
                                                   of wholesale
                                                   trade in table T.
                                                   More detail for
                                                   these two
                                                   subindustries
                                                   is available in
                                                   tables 3.1 and
                                                   3.3, which
                                                   accompany this
                                                   article.)
  Motor vehicles and
  motor vehicle parts and
  supplies                         581      1.9
  Professional and
  commercial equipment and
  supplies                         761      4.4
 Retail trade                    1,390      3.1
 Information                    39,360     53.3
  Telecommunications            37,997    107.4   In telecommunications,
                                                   services supplied
                                                   more than
                                                   doubled. The
                                                   increase, which was
                                                   primarily due
                                                   to acquisitions
                                                   of U.S. affiliates
                                                   by Japanese
                                                   companies,
                                                   accounted
                                                   for nearly
                                                   60 percent of
                                                   the total growth in
                                                   services supplied
                                                   to U.S. persons
                                                   in 2013. The increase
                                                   in telecommunications
                                                   contributed to a 53
                                                   percent increase
                                                   in information
                                                   services, which
                                                   raised information's
                                                   share of all
                                                   services supplied
                                                   to 13 percent in
                                                   2013 from 9
                                                   percent in 2012
                                                   (charts 19 and 20).
 Finance and insurance           2,177      1.3    In finance
                                                   and insurance,
                                                   services supplied
                                                   increased
                                                   because an
                                                   increase in
                                                   finance
                                                   exceeded a
                                                   decrease in
                                                   insurance.
                                                   Both the
                                                   increase
                                                   in finance
                                                   and the decrease
                                                   in insurance
                                                   were more than
                                                   accounted for by
                                                   the
                                                   reclassification
                                                   of some German-
                                                   owned affiliates
                                                   in insurance to
                                                   commodities and
                                                   financial
                                                   securities
                                                   trading.
  Finance                        3,993      3.9
  Insurance carriers and
  related activities            -1,816     -2.5
 Real estate and rental
 and leasing                     3,177     15.6
 Professional,
 scientific, and
 technical services              5,886      6.5
  Architectural,
  engineering, and related
  services                         472      3.7
  Computer systems
  design and related
  services                       2,075      9.4    In computer
                                                   systems design
                                                   and related
                                                   services, services
                                                   supplied
                                                   increased.
                                                   The increase
                                                   was due both to
                                                   the acquisitions
                                                   of new U.S.
                                                   affiliates
                                                   and to the
                                                   growth in services
                                                   supplied by
                                                   existing
                                                   affiliates.
  Adver tising and
  related services               2,289      6.9
 Other industries                6,770      3.6
  Mining                           352      1.0
  Transportation and
  warehousing                    1,097      2.2    In transportation
                                                   and warehousing,
                                                   services supplied
                                                   increased. The
                                                   largest increases
                                                   were in transit and
                                                   ground passenger
                                                   transport and in
                                                   couriers and
                                                   messengers.
  Administration,
  support, and waste
  management                       693      1.9
  Accommodation and
  food services                    430      1.4

MNEs Multinational enterprises

Chart 19. Growth in Services Supplied Through Affiliates to U.S.
Persons by Major Industry of Affiliate, 2012 and 2013


                           Percent change from the preceding year
                                        2012  2013

All industries                          4.1    8.0
Manufacturing                           2.8    1.4
Wholesale trade                         5.7    3.7
Retail trade                            8.5    3.1
Information                             8.1   53.3
Finance and insurance                   2.3    1.3
Real estate and
rental and leasing                      5.1   15.6
Professional, scientific,
and technical services                  7.8    6.5
Other industries                        0.8    3.6

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from bar graph.

Chart 20. Services Supplied Through Affiliates to U.S Persons by Major
Industry of Affiliate, 2013

Manufacturing                (9.4%)
Wholesale trade             (16.7%)
Retail trade                 (5.2%)
Information                 (12.9%)
Finance and insurance       (20.0%)
Real estate and
rental and leasing           (2.7%)
Professional, scientific,
and technical services      (10.9%)
Other industries            (22.1%)

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: table made from pie chart.

Table U. Revisions to Trade in Services and Services Supplied Through
Affiliates, 2012-2013 [Billions of dollars unless otherwise noted]

               Trade in services                     2012  2013

                   Exports
Revised                                             656.4  687.9
Previously published                                654.9  687.4
Amount of revision                                    1.6    0.5
Percent revision                                      0.2    0.1
                   Imports
Revised                                             452.0  463.7
Previously published                                450.4  462.1
Amount of revision                                    1.7    1.6
Percent revision                                      0.4    0.3
  Services supplied through affiliates               2012   2013
         Supplied to foreign persons
through foreign affiliates
Revised                                           1,285.9   ....
Previously published                              1,293.0   ....
Amount of revision                                   -7.0   ....
Percent revision                                     -0.5   ....
Supplied to U.S. persons through U.S. affiliates
Revised                                             813.3   ....
Previously published                                801.9   ....
Amount of revision                                   11.4   ....
Percent revision                                      1.4   ....