Local area personal income for 2013.

Lenze, David G.

PERSONAL INCOME grew at nearly the same rate in both the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan portions of the United States in 2013, 2.0 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively. (1) The percent change ranged widely, from -35.0 percent in LaMoure County, North Dakota, to 32.3 percent in Greeley County, Kansas. However, more than three-fourths of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and almost one-half of the nonmetropolitan counties and grew at rates between 0.1 percent and 3.0 percent (chart 1). (2) Inflation, as measured by the national price index for personal consumption expenditures, was 1.2 percent in 2013.

The local area personal income estimates presented in this article continue the successively more detailed series of data releases from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) depicting the geographic distribution of the nation's personal income for 2013. National estimates of personal income for 2013 were released in January 2014, followed by preliminary state personal income estimates in March. The local area personal income estimates provide the first glimpse of personal income for 2013 in counties and MSAs. The geographic picture will be completed with the release of real personal income for states and metropolitan areas in July 2015.

The estimates discussed in this article incorporate the results of the annual revisions of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) and state personal income accounts, which were released in July and September 2014, respectively. In 2015, the estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) by state and metropolitan area for 2013 and earlier years will be revised to incorporate the results of these annual revisions of the national, state and local area personal income accounts.

County Growth

In 2013, the nonmetropolitan portion of the country accounted for slightly less than 10 percent of the nation's earnings. However, reflecting the rural affinity of much mining and farming, the nonmetropolitan portion of the United States accounted for more than 38 percent of national earnings in natural resource industries (table A). The nonmetropolitan area also accounted for 15.0 percent of manufacturing and utilities earnings, 12.0 percent of government earnings, and 11.8 percent of transportation and warehousing earnings. In contrast, relatively little--less than 4.0 percent--of earnings in the information and business services industries was generated in nonmetropolitan counties.

[GRAPHIC 1 OMITTED]

Personal income growth in the nonmetropolitan portion slowed substantially in 2013 to less than half of its 4.4 percent pace in 2012 (table B). The slowdown was attributable to net earnings--which grew 2.0 percent in 2013, down from 4.2 percent in 2012--and to property income (dividends, interest, and rent)--which grew 2.3 percent in 2013, down from 8.7 percent in 2012. The growth in transfer receipts, in contrast, accelerated to 2.2 percent growth in 2013 from 1.7 percent in 2012. Similar growth patterns occurred in the metropolitan portion of the United States.

New York County, New York had the highest per capita personal income in 2013, $121,632, up 1.0 percent from 2012. Per capita personal income in Williams County, North Dakota, which was the highest of all counties in 2012, fell 4.6 percent in 2013. Both personal income and population grew robustly in Williams County in 2013, but population grew faster (10.7 percent) than personal income (5.6 percent). Loving County, Texas, and Teton County, Wyoming, have also appeared at the top of the per capita personal income rankings over the last 10 years (chart 2).

Per capita personal income fell 1.2 percent to $17,536 in Telfair County, Georgia, in 2013. It had the lowest per capita personal income of all counties in 2012 and 2013. In recent years, Crowley County, Colorado (2007, 2010, and 2011), McPherson County, Nebraska (2008 and 2009), Buffalo County, South Dakota (2006), and Starr County, Texas (2003-2005) have had the lowest per capita personal income (chart 3). The churning at the top and bottom of the per capita personal income distribution for counties contrasts with the stability in the MSA distribution: McAllen, Texas, has had the lowest per capital personal income every year in 2003-2013, while Bridgeport, Connecticut, has had the highest in 2003-2011 and Midland, Texas, the highest in 2012 and 2013.

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MSA Growth

Wage-and-salary employment in the metropolitan portion of the United States grew faster than population in 2013, as it did in 2012 (table C). (3) However, the employment-to-population ratio, which reached 46.2 percent in 2013, is still down 3 percentage points compared with 2007, before the onset of the last recession. In seven MSAs that have fully recovered from the recession, however, the employment-to-population ratio in 2013 is at its highest level since 2003: Bismarck, North Dakota; Burlington-South Burlington, Vermont; Longview, Texas; Midland, Texas; Bloomsburg-Berwick, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Springfield, Massachusetts (chart 4). (4)

Source Data

The primary 2013 county-level data used by BEA to prepare the estimates of local area personal income presented in this article were wage and salary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, benefits paid by the Social Security Administration, Medicare enrollment and fee-for-service expenditure data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Medicaid payments from state departments of social services. In addition, tabulations of 2012 federal income tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service were used, primarily for dividends, interest, nonfarm proprietors' income, and the residence adjustment. (5) Other 2013 county-level data used by BEA to prepare estimates of various components of local area personal income include the following (table D):

* Farm cash receipts, government payments, crop production and crop insurance indemnity payments by county for 2013 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and state offices of agricultural statistics were used in the estimation of local area farm income.

* The number of full-time military and coast guard personnel by county for 2013 from the Departments of Defense and Homeland Security was used in the estimation of military earnings.

* County-level data for 2013 from state employment security agencies was used to estimate state unemployment insurance compensation.

* Population (excluding population in group quarters) by county for 2013 from the Census Bureau was used to allocate state estimates of a few small components of personal income.

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By David G. Lenze

(1) Personal income, which is measured in current dollars, is the sum of net earnings by place of residence, property income, and personal current transfer receipts.

(2) For statistical purposes, nonmetropolitan counties are those counties that remain after metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) have been delineated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). According to the OMB, an MSA has at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more residents plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. MSAs are defined in terms of whole counties. By these criteria, there are 1,967 nonmetropolitan counties and 1,146 metropolitan counties in the United States. Personal income statistics are available for 3,113 of the 3,143 counties identified by Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) codes. BEA combines some small counties (mostly in Virginia but also in Hawaii) with larger nearby counties. For details see the appendix to the Local Area Personal Income Methodology available on the BEA Web site.

(3) The regional income division's total employment estimate includes both proprietors and wage and salary jobs.

(4) The employment-to-population ratio in another three MSAs--Pittsfield and Barnstable Town (both in Massachusetts) and Wheeling, West Virginia-Ohio--is also above its 2003 level. But this was accomplished through population loss.

(5) For complete details about the estimation methodology and data sources, see the Local Area Personal Income Methodology on BEA's Web site.

Data Availability

The following annual estimates for counties, metropolitan statistical areas, micropolitan statistical areas, metropolitan divisions, combined statistical areas, and the metropolitan and nonmetropolitan portions of states are available on BEA's Web site.

For more information about the statistics, contact the Regional Income Division at 202-606-5360, fax 202-606-5322, or e-mail reis@bea.gov.

Acknowledgments

The Regional Income Division of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), under the direction of Mauricio Ortiz, Chief, prepared the annual estimates of local area personal income. Joel D. Platt, Associate Director for Regional Economics, provided general guidance. The preparation of the revised estimates was a division-wide effort.

The Compensation Branch, under the supervision of John A. Rusinko, Chief, prepared the estimates of nonfarm wages and salaries and supplements to wages and salaries. Major responsibilities were assigned to Peter Battikha, Michael L. Berry, Elizabeth P. Cologer, John D. Laffman, David G. Lenze, Paul K. Medzerian, and Joseph L. Stauffer. Contributing staff members were Terence J. Fallon, Michael W. Jadoo, Russell C. Lusher, Nathaniel R. Milhous, Michael A. Reid, and Ross A. Stepp.

The Regional Income Branch under the supervision of Lisa C. Ninomiya, Chief, prepared the estimates of nonfarm proprietors' income, property income, personal current transfer receipts, contributions for government social insurance, and the adjustment for residence.

Major responsibilities were assigned to Brian J. Maisano, James P. Stehle, and Matthew A. von Kerczek. Contributing staff members were Suet M. Boudhraa, Andy K. Kim, Toan A. Ly, W. Timothy McKeel, Linda M. Morey, and Troy P. Watson.

The Farm Income and Employment Section, under the supervision of James M. Zavrel, Assistant to the Division Chief, prepared the estimates of farm wages and salaries, farm supplements to wages and salaries, and farm proprietors' income. Major responsibilities were assigned to Carrie L. Litkowski. Contributing staff members were Daniel R. Corrin, Michelle A. Harder, and Brooke N. Pearson.

The public use tabulations and data files were assembled and the tables were prepared by the Data and Administrative Systems Group. Major responsibilities were assigned to Jeffrey L. Newman, Michael J. Paris, and Callan S. Swenson. Contributing staff members were Melanie V. Carrales, Monique B. Tyes, and Jonas D. Wilson.

Alternative Measures of County Employment and Wages

Three widely used measures of county employment and wages by place of work are (1) employment and payroll in the County Business Patterns (CBP) series from the Census Bureau, (2) employment and wages from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), and (3) wage and salary disbursements and employment from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). These measures differ in source data and coverage.

The CBP data are derived from Census Bureau business establishment surveys and federal administrative records. The QCEW data are tabulations of monthly employment and quarterly wages of workers who are covered by state unemployment insurance programs or by the unemployment insurance program for federal employees. (1) The BEA estimates of employment and wages are primarily derived from the BLS data; the estimates for industries that are either not covered or not fully covered in the QCEW are also based on supplemental data from other agencies, such as the Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Railroad Retirement Board.

The coverage of the Census Bureau data differs from that of the BLS data primarily because the Census Bureau data exclude most government employees and because the BLS data cover civilian government employees. (2) The CBP data also exclude several private industries that are partly covered by the QCEW: crop and animal production; rail transportation; insurance and employee benefit funds; trusts, estates, and agency accounts; and private households. However, the CBP data cover the employees of educational institutions, membership organizations, and small nonprofit organizations in other industries more completely than the BLS data. (3) In addition, the Census Bureau reports employment only for the month of March; the BLS employment data are quarterly and annual averages of monthly data.

In 2001, both BLS and BEA began to include employees of Indian tribal councils in local government. These employees were previously included in the relevant private industries. (4) In the Census Bureau data, these employees are still classified in private industries.

BEA estimates of employment and wages differ from the BLS data because BEA adjusts the estimates to account for employment and wages that are not covered or that are not fully covered by the unemployment insurance programs. BEA adds estimates of employment and wages to the BLS data to bridge small gaps in coverage for nonprofit organizations that do not participate in the unemployment insurance program (in several industries), for students and their spouses employed by colleges or universities, for elected officials and members of the judiciary, for interns employed by hospitals and by social service agencies, and for insurance agents classified as statutory employees. In addition, BEA uses supplemental source data to estimate most, or all, of the employment and wages for the following: farms, farm labor contractors and crew leaders, private households, private elementary and secondary schools, religious membership organizations, rail transportation, and military. BEA also adjusts for employment and wages subject to unemployment insurance, but not reported by employers. Other adjustments to wages include estimates for unreported tips, judicial fees paid to jurors and witnesses, compensation of prison inmates, and marriage and license fees paid to justices of the peace. (5)

The Census Bureau released 2012 data for total employment and payrolls for counties on its Web site on May 29, 2014. BLS released county data on total employment and average weekly pay for 2013 on its Web site on June 19, 2014. BEA released estimates for 2013 and revised estimates for 2011-2012 of total wage employment and total wage and salary disbursements for counties on its Web site on November 20, 2014.

(1) The QCEW data account for 93 percent of BEA's estimates of wages and salaries.

(2) The Census Bureau data cover only those government employees who work in government hospitals, federally chartered savings institutions and credit unions, liquor stores, and wholesale liquor establishments, and university publishers. The BLS data in most states exclude state and local elected officials, members of the judiciary, state national and air national guardsmen, temporary emergency employees, and employees in policy and advisory positions.

(3) The BLS data do not cover certain religious elementary and secondary schools because a Supreme Court decision exempts some of these schools from unemployment compensation taxes. The BLS data also exclude college students (and their spouses) who are employed by the school in which they are enrolled and student nurses and interns who are employed by hospitals as part of their training. In half of the states, the BLS data only include nonprofit organizations with four or more employees during 20 weeks in a calendar year.

(4) For example, employees of casinos owned by tribal councils were included in "Amusement, Gambling, and Recreation Industries."

(5) A detailed description of the sources and methods used to prepare the estimates is available on BEA's Web site.

Michael Jadoo

Table                                                           Time
number                      Table title                        series

CA1        Personal Income Summary: Personal Income,
            Population, Per Capita Personal Income            1969-2013
CA04       Personal Income and Employment by Major Component  1969-2013
           Personal Income by Major Component and
CA05N       Earnings by NAICS Industry                        2001-2013
CA05        Earnings by SIC Industry                          1969-2000
           Compensation of Employees by
CA06N       NAICS Industry                                    2001-2013
CA06        SIC Industry                                      1998-2000
           Total Full-Time and Part-Time Employment by
CA25N       NAICS Industry                                    2001-2013
CA25        SIC Industry                                      1969-2000
CA30       Economic Profile                                   1969-2013
CA34       Wage and Salary Summary: Wages and Salaries, Wage
            Employment and Average Wage Per Job               1969-2013
CA35       Personal Current Transfer Receipts                 1969-2013
CA45       Farm Income and Expenses                           1969-2013
CA91       Gross Flow of Earnings                             1990-2013
           BEA Regional Fact Sheets (BEARFACTS)                    2013

BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
NAICS North American Industry Classification System
SIC Standard Industrial Classification

National Totals of BEA County Estimates of Wages
and Salaries and CBP Payrolls and QCEW Wages
[Billions of dollars]

                                                2011     2012      2013

Total CBP payrolls                             5,164.9  5,414.3     n.a.
Plus: Differences in coverage:
 QCEW civilian government wages (1)            1,033.7  1,036.1     n.a.
 Other differences, net (2)                       18.7     40.8     n.a.
Equals: Total QCEW wages                       6,217.3  6,491.2  6,671.9
Plus: BEA adjustments:
 For unreported wages and unreported tips
  on employment tax returns                       73.6     80.1     82.5
 For wages and salaries not covered or not
  fully covered by unemployment insurance:
  Private                                        202.9    222.2    229.4
  Government                                     131.4    131.7    130.1
 Other BEA adjustments (3)                        -1.9     -4.3     -3.4
Equals: BEA estimates of wages and
 salaries (4)                                  6,623.3  6,920.9  7,110.4

(1) Adjusted to remove the wages of Indian tribal councils that are
included in the Census Bureau's total payroll data.
(2) Includes differences of coverage in private education, membership
organizations, and government.
(3) Adjusted to remove wage and salary of employees of U.S. companies
stationed overseas and to reflect updates to QCEW data.
(4) Consists of the earnings of persons who live in the United States
and of foreign residents working in the United States. The regional
total differs from the national estimate; see "Personal income in the
NIPAs and State Personal Income," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 94
(October 2014): 9.

NOTE. Details may not equal totals due to rounding.
n.a. Not available
BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
CBP County Business Patterns
NIPAs National income and product accounts
QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages

Table A. Industrial Structure of Metropolitan and
Nonmetropolitan Portions of the United States for 2013

                                                 Earnings by
                                                place of work
                                            (billions of dollars)
                                        Metropolitan    Nonmetropolitan

Natural resources (1)                       195.0           120.5
Construction                                499.0            61.2
Manufacturing and utilities                 902.3           158.6
Wholesale and retail trade                1,016.4           106.2
Transportatbn and warehousing               303.7            40.7
Information                                 325.0             9.9
Finance and insurance                       695.8            29.6
Real estate and rental and leasing          201.1            11.9
Business services (2)                     1,606.1            64.5
Education, health care, and social
 assistance                               1,170.5           109.0
Leisure, hospitality, and other (3)         724.2            80.3
Government and government enterprises     1,525.2           208.5
 Local                                      807.4           126.3
Total                                     9,164.4         1,000.9

                                             Industry's share of
                                            area's total earnings
                                                  (percent)
                                        Metropolitan    Nonmetropolitan

Natural resources (1)                         2.1            12.0
Construction                                  5.4             6.1
Manufacturing and utilities                   9.8            15.8
Wholesale and retail trade                   11.1            10.6
Transportation and warehousing                3.3             4.1
Information                                   3.5             1.0
Finance and insurance                         7.6             3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing            2.2             1.2
Business services (2)                        17.5             6.4
Education, health care, and social
 assistance                                  12.8            10.9
Leisure, hospitality, and other (3)           7.9             8.0
Government and government enterprises        16.6            20.8
 Local                                        8.8            12.6
Total                                       100.0           100.0

                                               Nonmetropolitan
                                                   share of
                                                   national
                                                   earnings
                                                  (percent)

Natural resources (1)                               38.2
Construction                                        10.9
Manufacturing and utilities                         15.8
Wholesale and retail trade                           9.5
Transportatbn and warehousing                       11.8
Information                                          3.0
Finance and insurance                                4.1
Real estate and rental and leasing                   5.6
Business services (2)                                3.9
Education, health care, and social
 assistance                                          8.5
Leisure, hospitality, and other (3)                 10.0
Government and government enterprises               12.0
 Local                                              13.5
Total                                                9.8

(1) Consists of farm; forestry, fishing, and related activities; and
mining.
(2) Consists of professional, scientific, and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; and administrative and waste
management services.
(3) Consists of arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and
food services; and other services, except public administration.

Table B. Personal Income Change by Component for U.S. Metropolitan and
Nonmetropolitan Portions

                                         Percent change
                           Personal    Net       Dividends,    Transfer
                            income   earnings    interest,     receipts
                                                 and rent

         2011-2012
United States                5.2       4.9          9.3           1.9
 Metropolitan portion        5.3       5.0          9.4           1.9
 Nonmetropolitan portion     4.4       4.2          8.7           1.7
         2012-2013
United States                2.0       1.8          2.1           2.7
 Metropolitan portion        2.0       1.8          2.0           2.8
 Nonmetropolitan portion     2.1       2.0          2.3           2.2

                                 Dollar change (billions of dollars)
                           Personal    Net       Dividends,    Transfer
                            income   earnings    interest,     receipts
                                                 and rent

         2011-2012
United States              683.2     418.2        222.2          42.8
 Metropolitan portion      613.8     380.0        197.6          36.2
 Nonmetropolitan portion    69.4      38.2         24.6           6.6
         2012-2013
United States              278.3     160.7         53.8          63.8
 Metropolitan portion      243.5     142.1         46.7          54.8
 Nonmetropolitan portion    34.7      18.6          7.1           9.0

Table C. Population and Jobs for U.S. Metropolitan
and Nonmetropolitan Portions

                                Percent change         Change
                                 2012    2013     2012         2013

Metropolitan portion
 Population                      0.9     0.9    2,338,676    2,282,949
Wage and salary jobs             1.8     2.1    2,219,376    2,573,426

Nonmetropolitan portion
 Population                     -0.1    -0.1      -47,555      -27,795
 Wage and salary jobs            1.0     0.6      167,624      107,574

Table D. County Source Data Used to Estimate Local Area Personal
Income (1)

Wages and salaries by industry
 In general                          BLS Quarterly Census of Employment
                                      and Wages data.
 Farm                                USDA Census of Agriculture data.
Agriculture and forestry support
activities                           USDA Census of Agriculture data.
Rail transportation                  RRB payroll and employment data;
                                      Census Bureau Journey to Work
                                      (Census of Population) data.
Educational services                 Census Bureau County Business
                                      Patterns payroll data; State
                                      departments of education
                                      employment data; DOE Private
                                      School Universe Survey employment
                                      data; Official Catholic Directory
                                      number of teachers in religious
                                      orders data.
Membership associations and
organizations                        Household population data. (2)
Private households                   Household population data; (2)
                                      Census Bureau Journey to Work
                                      (Census of Population) data.
Military                             DOD personnel data; DHS Coast
                                      Guard personnel and payroll data;
                                      Household population data. (2)
State and local government           Census Bureau American Community
                                      Survey wage data; RRB payroll and
                                      employment data.
Employer contributions for employee
 pension and insurance funds
 by industry
 All industries                      BEA estimates of employment. (3)
Employer contributions for government
social insurance by industry
 All industries                      BLS state unemployment insurance
                                      programs employer contributions
                                      data.
Proprietors income
 Farm                                USDA Census of Agriculture data;
                                      USDA National Agriculture and
                                      Statistic Service crop production
                                      and livestock stocks data; Cash
                                      receipts data from state offices
                                      of agricultural statistics; USDA
                                      Farm Service Agency government
                                      payments to farmers data; USDA
                                      Risk Management Agency crop
                                      indemnity payments data.
 Nonfarm industries                  IRS data on net receipts and
                                      profits of sole proprietorships
                                      and partnerships; Census Bureau
                                      Nonemployer Statistics.
Residence adjustment                 Census Bureau Journey to Work
                                      (Census of Population) workers
                                      and wages data; Civilian
                                      population data; (4) IRS wage
                                      data.
Dividends, interest, and rent        IRS income tax returns data on
                                      dividends and taxable interest;
                                      OPM federal civilian retirement
                                      payments data; DOD military
                                      retirement payments data; Census
                                      Bureau Census of Housing data on
                                      the aggregate gross rental value
                                      of owner-occupied single family
                                      dwellings and number of mobile
                                      homes; USDA gross rental value of
                                      farm dwellings data.
Personal current transter receipts   SSA Social Security and
                                      Supplemental Security Income
                                      enrollees and benefits data; CMS
                                      data on the number of enrollees
                                      in the Medicare Hospital
                                      Insurance, Supplementary Medical
                                      Insurance, and Part D programs
                                      and Medicare Advantage
                                      fee-for-services data; Census
                                      Bureau data from the Federal
                                      Assistance Award Data System
                                      (railroad retirement, disability,
                                      and unemployment compensation
                                      benefits and number of
                                      beneficiaries) and Consolidated
                                      Federal Funds Report (black lung
                                      benefits, compensation of
                                      survivors of public safety
                                      officers, and higher education
                                      student assistance), Small
                                      Area Income and Poverty Estimates
                                      of persons and children age 0-17
                                      in poverty, number of
                                      Supplemental Nutritional
                                      Assistance Program recipients,
                                      American Indian and Alaska Native
                                      Alone population, and household
                                      population data; (2) DOD Tricare
                                      payments data; IRS Earned Income
                                      Tax Credit data; Number of
                                      unemployed persons from the BLS
                                      Local Area Unemployment
                                      Statistics program; DVA veterans'
                                      pension, disability, life
                                      insurance, and readjustment
                                      benefits data and number of
                                      pension and disability
                                      beneficiaries; NSF federal
                                      fellowship benefits data; Federal
                                      Reserve Bank of New York data on
                                      the number of mortgage debtors,
                                      per debtor mortgage debt balance
                                      and percent of mortgage debt in
                                      delinquency; Gulf Coast Claims
                                      Facility claims data; Medicaid
                                      payments, Children's Health
                                      Insurance Program enrollment,
                                      Supplemental Nutritional
                                      Assistance Program benefits,
                                      energy assistance payments,
                                      general assistance benefits, and
                                      family assistance benefits data
                                      from the state departments of
                                      social services; State
                                      unemployment insurance
                                      compensation data from the state
                                      employment security agencies.
Employee and self-employed
 contributions for government social
 insurance                           CMS Medicare Parts B and D
                                      enrollment data; Census Bureau
                                      American Community Survey veteran
                                      population data; Civilian
                                      population age 18 and over data.
                                      (4)

(1) BEA prepares some county estimates by aggregating source data
available by ZIP code.
(2) Household population for counties is calculated as the difference
between the Census Bureau population and the Census Bureau population
in group quarters estimates.
(3) See the Local Area Personal Income Methodology for the data sources
used by BEA to estimate employment.
(4) Civilian population for counties is based on Census Bureau
population, Coast Guard employment, and Department of Defense active
duty military employment data, adjusted to a place of residence basis.
BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DOD Department of Defense
DVA Department of Veterans Affairs
IRS Internal Revenue Service
NSF National Science Foundation
OPM Office of Personnel Management
RRB Railroad Retirement Board
SSA Social Security Administration
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture