Reconciliation of the United States-Canadian current account, 2010 and 2011.

Berman, Barbara ; Dozier, Edward ; Caron, Denis 等

THIS ARTICLE presents the results of a reconciliation of the bilateral current-account statistics of Canada and the United States for 2010 and 2011. (1) Bilateral reconciliation exercises are useful for identifying potential improvements in measures of international transactions between trading partners. On a reconciled basis, the U.S. current-account balance with Canada is a U.S. surplus and a Canadian deficit of $2.2 billion for 2010 and a U.S. surplus and a Canadian deficit of $2.4 billion for 2011 (chart 1, table 1). (2) The official U.S. current-account balance with Canada is a U.S. surplus of $18.1 billion for 2010 and a U.S. surplus of $27.1 billion for 2011. The official Canadian current-account balance is a Canadian deficit of $5.4 billion for 2010 and a Canadian surplus of $5.2 billion for 2011. For 2011, the total downward adjustment to the official U.S. current-account balance to arrive at the reconciled balance was $24.6 billion or 3.2 percent of total transactions (goods, services, income, and unilateral current transfers) between the United States and Canada based on the official U.S. statistics. For 2011, the total downward adjustment to the official Canadian current-account balance was $7.6 billion or 0.9 percent of total transactions based on the official Canadian statistics.

Aggregated results of the reconciliations are presented in this article and in table 1. (3) Detailed results of the reconciliations are presented in tables 2-7 that follow this article. Table 2 shows the major types of reconciliation adjustments--definitional, methodological, and statistical that were made to the major current-account components (see the section "Summary of Reconciliation Methodology" for descriptions of the reconciliation items). Table 3 shows the official statistics published by each country, the statistics on a common basis (after definitional and methodological adjustments), the reconciled statistics (after statistical adjustments), and the total adjustment for each major current-account component. Tables 4-7 show the reconciliation details for goods, services, and investment income. (4)

[GRAPHIC 1 OMITTED]

Reconciled Current-Account Balances

For the U.S. current account, the reconciliation results in a downward adjustment to the U.S. surplus of $15.9 billion for 2010 and a downward adjustment to the U.S. surplus of $24.6 billion for 2011. For both years, the downward adjustments to the U.S. surplus reflect upward adjustments to U.S. southbound transactions that are partly offset by upward adjustments to U.S. northbound transactions (tables 2.1 and 2.2). (5) For both years, the largest upward adjustments to U.S. southbound transactions result from definitional adjustments to add Canadian reexports to U.S. goods imports and from statistical adjustments to "other" services. (6) Within "other" services, the largest statistical adjustments were in affiliated services, computer services, and financial services. (7) For both years, the largest upward adjustments to U.S. northbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to "other" services and from statistical and definitional adjustments to "other" investment income. (8) Within "other" services, the largest statistical adjustment was in affiliated services. Within "other" investment income, the largest statistical and definitional adjustment was in interest on portfolio investment.

For the Canadian current account, the reconciliation results in a downward adjustment to the Canadian deficit of $3.2 billion for 2010 and in a downward adjustment to the Canadian surplus of $7.6 billion for 2011. For 2010, the downward adjustment to the Canadian deficit reflects downward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions that are partly offset by downward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions. For 2011, the downward adjustment to the Canadian surplus reflects downward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions that are slightly offset by downward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions. For both years, the largest downward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions result from definitional adjustments to eliminate withholding taxes from unilateral current transfers; from definitional adjustments to unaffiliated services, mainly financial services; and from statistical adjustments to affiliated services. For both years, the largest downward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to affiliated services and unilateral current transfers and from definitional adjustments to goods.

Summary of Reconciliation Methodology

To reconcile the official U.S. and Canadian bilateral current-account statistics, the official statistics are first restated to a common basis--that is, they are adjusted for definitional and methodological differences--and then statistical adjustments are applied to reach the reconciled values. The framework for restating the statistics to a common basis mainly follows the international guidelines published in the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual (fifth edition). The official U.S. and Canadian statistics now largely conform to the international guidelines, but some differences from the international guidelines-and between the U.S. and Canadian statistics--remain because of data limitations, difficulties in determining country attribution, and differences in classification. In addition, the international guidelines sometimes provide for more than one acceptable treatment.

Definitional adjustments mainly reflect data limitations and differences in country attribution. For example, as part of the reconciliation, U.S. official statistics on imports of goods from Canada are adjusted upward to include Canadian reexports to the United States--goods imported by Canada from third countries and then reexported to the United States without substantial changes--because U.S. imports of goods are recorded on a country-of-origin basis. This adjustment increases the U.S. goods deficit with Canada and reduces the U.S. goods deficit with other countries. Another example of a definitional adjustment is that the Canadian official statistics, mainly investment income, are adjusted to a common basis that is net of withholding taxes because some U.S. withholding taxes are included on a global basis in the U.S. official statistics and cannot be allocated by country for comparison with the Canadian statistics. While this definitional adjustment results in reconciled statistics that are inconsistent with international guidelines, the statistics could not be compared on a common basis without it.

Methodological adjustments mainly reflect differences in classification. For example, in the U.S. official statistics, education services are recorded in "other" services; for the reconciliation, they are reclassified to travel services. A few U.S. and Canadian accounts, mainly interest income, are adjusted to a net or gross basis for comparability. These adjustments do not affect the current-account balance because the northbound and the southbound adjustments are offsetting.

Statistical differences reflect the use of different source data in the United States and Canada, the difficulty in determining country attribution because of insufficient data, the preliminary nature of some data (particularly for the most recent year), and the use of sample data between benchmarks. For both the northbound and the southbound statistics, most of the statistical differences are in the "other" services and investment income accounts.

Acknowledgments

The reconciliations were carried out under the direction of Eric Boulay, Chief, Financial Account, Denis Caron, Chief, Current Account, and Bryan van Tol, Chief, Direct Investment Redesign from Statistics Canada and Edward Dozier, Chief, Travel and Transportation Section and Barbara Berman, international economist from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. At Statistics Canada, Denis Caron was responsible for reconciling Canadian goods and services; Bryan van Tol, for Canadian direct investment income; and Eric Boulay, for Canadian portfolio investment income, with the collaboration and assistance of David Benes, Komal Bobal, Marie-Josee Lamontagne, and Eric Simard. At BEA, Mai-Chi Hoang was responsible for reconciling goods; Edward Dozier and Anne Flatness, for services, with the assistance of Lori Chang for financial services; Peter Fox, for the accounts related to Canadian direct investment in the United States; Mark New, for the accounts related to U.S. direct investment in Canada; and Barbara Berman, for the portfolio income accounts.

Note on the United States-Canadian Current-Account Reconciliation

The United States-Canadian current-account reconciliation, which explains the differences between the offficial bilateral statistics published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and those published by Statistics Canada, is undertaken because of the extensive economic links between Canada and the United States. The reconciled statistics are intended to assist analysts who use both countries' statistics by showing how the current-account statistics would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies, and data sources. (1)

In principle, the bilateral current account of one country should mirror the bilateral current account of the other country. Differences occur in the official statistics of the U.S. and Canadian current accounts because of variations in the definitions, methodologies, and source data used by each country. Some of the differences for 2011 are in components of the current account for which data are preliminary and subject to revision; these differences may be reduced or eliminated when final data for these components are incorporated.

The longstanding United States-Canadian current-account reconciliation is among the leading examples of the benefits of international data exchanges. As a part of the reconciliation process, Canada and the United States have evaluated the accuracy of each other's statistics, and as a result, each country now includes in its official statistics data that are provided by the other country through formal data exchange agreements. The exchange of data between Canada and the United States for transactions--such as trade in goods, travel, passenger fares, Canadian and US. government transactions, and some large transportation transactions--covers a substantial portion of the value of the Canadian and U.S. current accounts and has eliminated some of the differences in the Canadian and U.S. official statistics. In addition, the reconciliation process has identified areas where errors and omissions may exist, helping each country to target data improvement efforts.

Although the U.S. and Canadian official statistics are reconciled and extensive exchanges of data take place between Canada and the United States, differences in the official statistics remain. Complete substitution of the reconciled statistics for official statistics and complete exchange of data are not feasible for several reasons. For trade in goods, imports in the U.S. accounts would be affected because the United States attributes Canadian reexports to the country of origin rather than to Canada, the last country of shipment. For some accounts, the protection of the confidentiality of the source data bars the exchange of data. Finally, a few differences are attributable to different requirements for integrating the international and national (domestic) accounts in each country.

(1.) A detailed article on the methodology was published by BEA in "Reconciliation of the U.S.-Canadian Current Account" in the November 1992 SURVEY and by Statistics Canada in Reconciliation of the Canadian-United States Current Account, 1990-1991. Statistics Canada also published a shortened version in the December 1992 Canadian Economic Observer and in Canada's Balance of International Payments, Third Quarter 1992.

(1.) A country's current account, a component of its balance-of-payments (or international transactions) accounts, measures transactions in goods, services, income, and net unilateral current transfers between residents of that country and nonresidents.

(2.) The reconciled statistics show how current-account items would appear if both countries used the same definitions, methodologies, and data sources. In this article, all values are expressed in U.S. dollars.

(3.) The reconciliation of the current account has been undertaken each year in 1970-2008. After the 2008 reconciliation, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Statistics Canada agreed to reconcile every other year. Summary results of the reconciliations were published in the United States in the following issues of the SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS: June 1975, September 1976 and 1977, December 1978 and 1979, June 1981, and each December of 1981-91. Complete details of the reconciliations were published in the following issues of the SURVEY: November 1992, each October of 1993-95, each November of 1996-2008, and December 2010. In Canada, the results were published in the following issues of Canada's Balance of International Payments (catalogue 67-001), a publication of Statistics Canada: Fourth Quarter 1973, Second Quarter 1976 and 1977, Third Quarter 1978 and 1979, First Quarter 1981, each Third Quarter of 1981-2008; and in Canada's Canadian Economic Accounts Quarterly Review (catalogue 13-010-XWE), a publication of Statistics Canada, Fourth Quarter of 2010.

(4.) The reconciled statistics presented in the tables following this article may differ from the official statistics published by BEA and by Statistics Canada.

(5.) In this article, the term "northbound" refers to U.S. exports of goods and services, U.S. income receipts, and unilateral current transfers to the United States, and it refers to Canadian imports of goods and services, Canadian income payments, and unilateral current transfers from Canada. The term "southbound" refers to U.S. imports of goods and services, U.S. income payments, and unilateral current transfers from the United States, and it refers to Canadian exports of goods and services, Canadian income receipts, and unilateral current transfers to Canada.

(6.) "Other" services indudes royalties and license fees, insurance, financial services, education and training, communications, computer services, business services, sports and entertainment, government services, and military services.

(7.) Affiliated transactions consist of intrafirm trade within multinational companies--specifically, trade between U.S. parent companies and their foreign affiliates and trade between U.S. affiliates and their foreign parent groups.

(8.) "Other" investment income includes dividends and interests on portfolio investment holdings of equity and debt securities and interests on deposits, loans, and other types of debt instruments, and excludes income from direct investment.

Table 1. Major United States-Canadian Balances
[Billions of U.S. dollars]

 Official Reconciled
 statistics statistics

 United Canada United Canada
 States States

 2010

Goods and services -6.6 20.9 -23.8 23.8
 Goods -30.9 34.5 -41.9 41.9
 Services 24.4 -13.5 18.1 -18.1
Income 26.5 -29.3 28.1 -28.1
Unilateral current
 transfers -1.9 2.9 -2.0 2.0
 Current account 18.1 -5.4 2.2 -2.2

 2011

Goods and services -10.5 32.7 -31.4 31.4
 Goods -38.3 49.4 -53.0 53.0
 Services 27.8 -16.7 21.6 -21.6
Income 39.7 -30.2 35.6 -35.6
Unilateral current
 transfers -2.2 2.7 -1.7 1.7
 Current account 27.1 5.2 2.4 -2.4

NOTES A U.S. surplus (+) is a Canadian deficit (-), and a
Canadian surplus (+) is a U.S. deficit (-).
Details may not add to totals because of rounding.

Table 2.1. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Northbound, 2010
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Definitional

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis 5 -1,839
 Definitional adjustments 5 -1,839
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
Services ... -1,679
 Travel ... ...
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Passenger fares ... ...
 Other transportation ... -109
 Definitional adjustments ... -109
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods ... ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other services ... -1,570
 Affiliated ... -327
 Definitional adjustments ... -327
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Unaffiliated ... -1,243
 Definitional adjustments ... -1,243
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 U.S. military sales ... ...
Income 1,440 -1,857
 Direct investment ...
 Definitional adjustments ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other investment 1,440 -1,698
 Definitional adjustments 1,440 -1,698
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Compensation of employees ... ...
Unilateral current transfers ... -363
 Definitional adjustments ... -816
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... 453
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... ...
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Total adjustments 1,445 -5,738

 Methodological

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis -260 ...
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -260 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
Services 260 230
 Travel 1,269 ...
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services 904 ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services 365 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Passenger fares ... ...
 Other transportation 260 227
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods 260 ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... 227
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other services -1,269 3
 Affiliated ... ...
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Unaffiliated -1,269 3
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts -1,269 3
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 U.S. military sales ... ...
Income -181 -728
 Direct investment -159 -390
 Definitional adjustments -159 ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... -390
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other investment -181 -338
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis -181 -338
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Compensation of employees ... ...
Unilateral current transfers -178 -230
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... ...
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... -230
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis -178 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Total adjustments -359 -728

 Statistical

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis 530 -142
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 530 -142
Services 5,354 2,420
 Travel -144 105
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments -144 105
 Passenger fares 9 ...
 Other transportation 369 -253
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods ... ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 369 -253
 Other services 5,120 2,568
 Affiliated 4,089 -4,040
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 4,089 -4,040
 Unaffiliated 1,031 6,426
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 1,031 6,426
 U.S. military sales ... 182
Income -1,246 1,236
 Direct investment -3,385 3,385
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments -3,385 3,385
 Other investment 2,139 -1,872
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 2,139 -1,872
 Compensation of employees ... -277
Unilateral current transfers -210 -1,926
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... ...
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... ...
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments -210 -1,926
 Total adjustments 4,428 1,588

 Total

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis 275 -1,981
 Definitional adjustments 5 -1,839
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -260 ...
 Statistical adjustments 530 -142
Services 5,614 971
 Travel 1,125 105
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services 904 ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services 365 ...
 Statistical adjustments -144 105
 Passenger fares 9 ...
 Other transportation 629 -135
 Definitional adjustments ... -109
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods 260 ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... 227
 Statistical adjustments 369 -253
 Other services 3,851 1,001
 Affiliated 4,089 -4,367
 Definitional adjustments ... -327
 Statistical adjustments 4,089 -4,040
 Unaffiliated -238 5,186
 Definitional adjustments ... -1,243
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts -1,269 3
 Statistical adjustments 1,031 6,426
 U.S. military sales ... 182
Income 13 -1,349
 Direct investment -3,385 2,836
 Definitional adjustments ... -159
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... -390
 Statistical adjustments -3,385 3,385
 Other investment 3,398 -3,908
 Definitional adjustments 1,440 -1,698
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis -181 -338
 Statistical adjustments 2,139 -1,872
 Compensation of employees ... -277
Unilateral current transfers -388 -2,519
 Definitional adjustments ... -816
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... 453
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... -230
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis -178 ...
 Statistical adjustments -210 -1,926
 Total adjustments 5,514 -4,878

Table 2.1. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Northbound, 2011
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Definitional

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis 3 -1,790
 Definitional adjustments 3 -1,790
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
Services ... -2,059
 Travel ... ...
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Passenger fares ... ...
 Other transportation ... -141
 Definitional adjustments ... -141
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods ... ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other services ... -1,918
 Affiliated ... -337
 Definitional adjustments ... -337
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Unaffiliated ... -1,581
 Definitional adjustments ... -1,581
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 U.S. military sales ... ...
Income 1,603 -1,296
 Direct investment ... -96
 Definitional adjustments ... -96
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other investment 1,603 -1,200
 Definitional adjustments 1,603 -1,200
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Compensation of employees ... ...
Unilateral current transfers ... -214
 Definitional adjustments ... -698
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... 484
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... ...
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Total adjustments 1,606 -5,359

 Methodological

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis -369 ...
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -369 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
Services 369 251
 Travel ... 1,310
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services 925 ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services 385 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Passenger fares ... ...
 Other transportation 369 228
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods 369 ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... 228
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other services -1,310 23
 Affiliated ... ...
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Unaffiliated -1,310 23
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts -1,310 23
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 U.S. military sales ... ...
Income -201 -760
 Direct investment ... -293
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... -293
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Other investment -201 -467
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis -201 -467
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Compensation of employees ... ...
Unilateral current transfers -269 -251
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... ...
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... -251
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis -269 ...
 Statistical adjustments ... ...
 Total adjustments -470 -760

 Statistical

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis 316 -125
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 316 -125
Services 6,249 3,097
 Travel -131 120
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments -131 120
 Passenger fares 147 ...
 Other transportation 515 -152
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods ... ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 515 -152
 Other services 5,718 3,129
 Affiliated 4,423 -4,436
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 4,423 -4,436
 Unaffiliated 1,295 7,408
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 1,295 7,408
 U.S. military sales ... 157
Income -4,541 4,806
 Direct investment -6,000 5,999
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments -6,000 5,999
 Other investment 1,459 -904
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 1,459 -904
 Compensation of employees ... -289
Unilateral current transfers 162 -1,743
 Definitional adjustments ... ...
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... ...
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... ...
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis ... ...
 Statistical adjustments 162 -1,743
 Total adjustments 2,186 6,035

 Total

 United Canada
 States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis -50 -1,915
 Definitional adjustments 3 -1,790
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -369 ...
 Statistical adjustments 316 -125
Services 6,618 1,289
 Travel 1,179 120
 Reclassification of education from
 unaffiliated services 925 ...
 Reclassification of medical services from
 unaffiliated services 385 ...
 Statistical adjustments -131 120
 Passenger fares 147 ...
 Other transportation 884 -65
 Definitional adjustments ... -141
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports from goods 369 ...
 Reclassification of transportation services
 from unaffiliated services ... 228
 Statistical adjustments 515 -152
 Other services 4,408 1,234
 Affiliated 4,423 -4,773
 Definitional adjustments ... -337
 Statistical adjustments 4,423 -4,436
 Unaffiliated -15 5,850
 Definitional adjustments ... -1,581
 Reclassification of transactions to or
 from other accounts -1,310 23
 Statistical adjustments 1,295 7,408
 U.S. military sales ... 157
Income -3,139 2,750
 Direct investment -6,000 5,610
 Definitional adjustments ... -96
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis ... -293
 Statistical adjustments -6,000 5,999
 Other investment 2,861 -2,571
 Definitional adjustments 1,603 -1,200
 Adjustment of interest income to a net basis -201 -467
 Statistical adjustments 1,459 -904
 Compensation of employees ... -289
Unilateral current transfers -107 -2,208
 Definitional adjustments ... -698
 Adjustment to reverse direction of insurance
 offset ... 484
 Reclassification to unaffiliated services ... -251
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis -269 ...
 Statistical adjustments 162 -1,743
 Total adjustments 3,322 -84

Table 2.2. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Southbound, 2010
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Definitional Methodological

 Canada United Canada United
 States States

Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 2,648 11,711 -531
 Canadian reexports to the
 United States 11,606
 Other definitional
 adjustments 2,648 105
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports to transportation
 services -531
 Statistical adjustments

Services -2,920 267 531
 Travel 289
 Reclassification of
 education from
 unaffiliated services 149
 Reclassification of
 medical services from
 unaffiliated services 140
 Statistical adjustments
 Passenger fares
 Other transportation -57 70 531
 Definitional adjustments -57
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports from goods 531
 Reclassification of
 transportation services
 to or from other
 accounts 70
 Statistical adjustments
 Other services -2,863 197 -289
 Affiliated -1,019
 Definitional adjustments -1,019
 Statistical adjustments
 Unaffiliated -1,844 -49 -289
 Definitional adjustments -1,844
 Reclassification of
 transactions to or
 from other accounts 197 -289
 Reclassification of
 selected services to
 U.S. defense
 expenditures -246
 Statistical adjustments
 U.S. defense expenditures 246
 Reclassification of
 selected services from
 U.S. defense
 expenditures 246
 Statistical adjustments

Income -1,126 -728 -181
 Direct investment -362 -390
 Definitional adjustments -362
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -390
 Statistical adjustments
 Other investment -764 -338 -181
 Definitional adjustments -764
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -338 -181
 Statistical adjustments
 Compensation of employees

Unilateral current transfers -2,977 -267 -178
 Definitional adjustments -3,430
 Methodological adjustments 453
 Reclassification to
 unaffiliated services -267
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers
 to a gross basis -178
 Statistical adjustments

 Total adjustments -4,375 11,711 -728 -359

 Statistical Total

 Canada United Canada United
 States States

Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 2,826 104 5,474 11,284
 Canadian reexports to the
 United States 11,606
 Other definitional
 adjustments 2,648 105
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports to transportation
 services -531
 Statistical adjustments 2,826 104 2,826 104

Services -933 11,362 -3,586 11,893
 Travel 67 356
 Reclassification of
 education from
 unaffiliated services 149
 Reclassification of
 medical services from
 unaffiliated services 140
 Statistical adjustments 67 67
 Passenger fares 2 2
 Other transportation -225 144 -212 675
 Definitional adjustments -57
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports from goods 531
 Reclassification of
 transportation services
 to or from other
 accounts 70
 Statistical adjustments -225 144 -225 144
 Other services -708 11,149 -3,374 10,860
 Affiliated -1,361 6,340 -2,380 6,340
 Definitional adjustments -1,019
 Statistical adjustments -1,361 6,340 -1,361 6,340
 Unaffiliated 629 4,809 -1,264 4,520
 Definitional adjustments -1,844
 Reclassification of
 transactions to or
 from other accounts 197 -289
 Reclassification of
 selected services to
 U.S. defense
 expenditures -246
 Statistical adjustments 629 4,809 629 4,809
 U.S. defense expenditures 24 270
 Reclassification of
 selected services from
 U.S. defense
 expenditures 246
 Statistical adjustments 24 24

Income 1,703 -1.3991 -151 -1,580
 Direct investment 1,181 -1.1801 429 -1,180
 Definitional adjustments -362
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -390
 Statistical adjustments 1,181 -1,180 1,181 -1,180
 Other investment 521 -219 -581 -400
 Definitional adjustments -764
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -338 -181
 Statistical adjustments 521 -219 521 -219
 Compensation of employees 1 1

Unilateral current transfers -170 -49 -3,414 -227
 Definitional adjustments -3,430
 Methodological adjustments 453
 Reclassification to
 unaffiliated services -267
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers
 to a gross basis -178
 Statistical adjustments -170 -49 -170 -49

 Total adjustments 3,426 10,018 -1,677 21,370

Table 2.2. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Southbound, 2011
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Definitional Methodological

 United United
 Canada States Canada States

Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis -407 15,207 -682
 Canadian reexports to the
 United States 14,354
 Other definitional
 adjustments -407 853
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports to transportation
 services -682
 Statistical adjustments

Services -3,328 291 682
 Travel 308
 Reclassification of
 education from
 unaffiliated services 151
 Reclassification of
 medical services from
 unaffiliated services 157
 Statistical adjustments
 Passenger fares
 Other transportation -69 81 682
 Definitional adjustments -69
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports from goods 682
 Reclassification of
 transportation services
 to or from other
 accounts 81
 Statistical adjustments
 Other services -3,259 210 -308
 Affiliated -1,119
 Definitional adjustments -1,119
 Statistical adjustments
 Unaffiliated -2,140 24 -308
 Definitional adjustments -2,140
 Reclassification of
 transactions to or
 from other accounts 210 -308
 Reclassification of
 selected services to
 U.S. defense
 expenditures -186
 Statistical adjustments
 U.S. defense expenditures 186
 Reclassification of
 selected services from
 U.S. defense
 expenditures 186
 Statistical adjustments

Income -1,143 -760 -201
 Direct investment -298 -293
 Definitional adjustments -298
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -293
 Statistical adjustments
 Other investment -845 -467 -201
 Definitional adjustments -845
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -467 -201
 Statistical adjustments
 Compensation of employees

Unilateral current transfers -3,019 -291 -269
 Definitional adjustments -3,503
 Methodological adjustments 484
 Reclassification to
 unaffiliated services -291
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers
 to a gross basis -269
 Statistical adjustments

 Total adjustments -7,897 15,207 -760 -470

 Statistical Total

 United United
 Canada States Canada States

Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 2,094 170 1,687 14,695
 Canadian reexports to the
 United States 14,354
 Other definitional
 adjustments -407 853
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports to transportation
 services -682
 Statistical adjustments 2,094 170 2,094 170

Services -585 12,151 -3,622 12,833
 Travel -224 84
 Reclassification of
 education from
 unaffiliated services 151
 Reclassification of
 medical services from
 unaffiliated services 157
 Statistical adjustments -224 -224
 Passenger fares 43 43
 Other transportation -226 171 -214 853
 Definitional adjustments -69
 Reclassification of fuel
 purchases in foreign
 ports from goods 682
 Reclassification of
 transportation services
 to or from other
 accounts 81
 Statistical adjustments -226 171 -226 171
 Other services -359 12,161 -3,408 11,853
 Affiliated -1,375 6,488 -2,494 6,488
 Definitional adjustments -1,119
 Statistical adjustments -1,375 6,488 -1,375 6,488
 Unaffiliated 991 5,673 -1,125 5,365
 Definitional adjustments -2,140
 Reclassification of
 transactions to or
 from other accounts 210 -308
 Reclassification of
 selected services to
 U.S. defense
 expenditures -186
 Statistical adjustments 991 5,673 991 5,673
 U.S. defense expenditures 25 211
 Reclassification of
 selected services from
 U.S. defense
 expenditures 186
 Statistical adjustments 25 25

Income -728 1,154 -2,631 953
 Direct investment -1,828 1,828 -2,419 1,828
 Definitional adjustments -298
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -293
 Statistical adjustments -1,828 1,828 -1,828 1,828
 Other investment 1,100 -674 -212 -875
 Definitional adjustments -845
 Adjustment of interest
 income to a net basis -467 -201
 Statistical adjustments 1,100 -674 1,100 -674
 Compensation of employees

Unilateral current transfers 178 -270 -3,132 -539
 Definitional adjustments -3,503
 Methodological adjustments 484
 Reclassification to
 unaffiliated services -291
 Adjustment of U.S. transfers
 to a gross basis -269
 Statistical adjustments 178 -270 178 -270

 Total adjustments 959 13,205 -7,698 27,942

Table 3.1. United States-Canadian Current-Account Reconciliation,
Northbound [Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 U.S. Canadian
2010 receipts payments Difference

Goods and services, 301,160 308,059 -6,899
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 250,132 252,388 -2,256
 Services 51,029 55,671 -4,643
 Travel 16,629 17,649 -1,020
 Passenger fares 4,283 4,292 -9
 Other transportation 2,994 3,758 -764
 Other services 27,122 29,972 -2,850

Income 49,807 51,170 -1,362
 Investment income 49,627 50,712 -1,085
 Direct investment 30,326 24,105 6,221
 Other investment 19,301 26,607 -7,306
 Compensation of employees 181 458 -277
Unilateral current transfers (1) 2,131 -2,131
 Current account, northbound 350,968 361,360 -10,392

2011
Goods and services 338,553 345,748 -7,194
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 282,277 284,142 -1,865
 Services 56,277 61,606 -5,329
 Travel 19,366 20,425 -1,059
 Passenger fares 4,598 4,745 -147
 Other transportation 3,161 4,110 -949
 Other services 29,152 32,326 -3,174

Income 64,378 58,489 5,889
 Investment income 64,177 57,999 6,178
 Direct investment 40,729 29,119 11,610
 Other investment 23,448 28,880 -5,432
 Compensation of employees 201 490 -289

Unilateral current transfers (1) 2,101 -2,101
 Current account, northbound 402,931 406,338 -3,406

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and
 methodological adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
2010 receipts payments Difference

Goods and services, 301,165 304,771 -3,606
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 249,877 250,549 -672
 Services 51,288 54,222 -2,934
 Travel 17,898 17,649 249
 Passenger fares 4,283 4,292 -9
 Other transportation 3,254 3,876 -622
 Other services 25,853 28,405 -2,552

Income 51,067 48,585 2,482
 Investment income 50,886 48,127 2,759
 Direct investment 30,326 23,556 6,770
 Other investment 20,560 24,571 -4,011
 Compensation of employees 181 458 -277
Unilateral current transfers -178 1,538 -1,716
 Current account, northbound 352,054 354,894 -2,840

2011
Goods and services 338,557 342,150 -3,593
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 281,911 282,352 -441
 Services 56,646 59,798 -3,152
 Travel 20,676 20,425 251
 Passenger fares 4,598 4,745 -147
 Other transportation 3,530 4,197 -667
 Other services 27,842 30,431 -2,589

Income 65,780 56,433 9,347
 Investment income 65,579 55,943 9,636
 Direct investment 40,729 28,730 11,999
 Other investment 24,850 27,213 -2,363
 Compensation of employees 201 490 -289

Unilateral current transfers -269 1,636 -1,905
 Current account, northbound 404,068 400,219 3,849

 Reconciled statistics,
 including statistical
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
2010 receipts payments

Goods and services, 307,049 307,049
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 250,407 250,407
 Services 56,642 56,642
 Travel 17,754 17,754
 Passenger fares 4,292 4,292
 Other transportation 3,623 3,623
 Other services 30,973 30,973

Income 49,821 49,821
 Investment income 49,640 49,640
 Direct investment 26,941 26,941
 Other investment 22,699 22,699
 Compensation of employees 181 181
Unilateral current transfers -388 -388
 Current account, northbound 356,482 356,482

2011
Goods and services 345,122 345,122
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 282,227 282,227
 Services 62,895 62,895
 Travel 20,545 20,545
 Passenger fares 4,745 4,745
 Other transportation 4,045 4,045
 Other services 33,560 33,560

Income 61,239 61,239
 Investment income 61,038 61,038
 Direct investment 34,729 34,729
 Other investment 26,309 26,309
 Compensation of employees 201 201

Unilateral current transfers -107 -107
 Current account, northbound 406,254 406,254

 Total adjustments to
 official statistics

 United
2010 States Canada

Goods and services, 5,889 -1,010
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 275 -1,981
 Services 5,614 971
 Travel 1,125 105
 Passenger fares 9
 Other transportation 629 -135
 Other services 3,851 1,001

Income 13 -1,349
 Investment income 13 -1,072
 Direct investment -3,385 2,836
 Other investment 3,398 -3,908
 Compensation of employees -277
Unilateral current transfers -388 -2,519
 Current account, northbound 5,514 4,878

2011
Goods and services 6,568 -626
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis -50 -1,915
 Services 6,618 1,289
 Travel 1,179 120
 Passenger fares 147
 Other transportation 884 -65
 Other services 4,408 1,234

Income -3,139 2,750
 Investment income -3,139 3,039
 Direct investment -6,000 5,610
 Other investment 2,861 -2,571
 Compensation of employees -289

Unilateral current transfers -107 -2,208
 Current account, northbound 3,322 -84

(1.) Unilateral current transfers are published on a net basis in
 the U.S. accounts and appear as net payments in table 3.2.

Table 3.2. United States-Canadian Current-Account Reconciliation,
Southbound [Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference
2010

Goods and services 329,002 307,713 21,289
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 286,844 281,034 5,810
 Services 42,158 26,679 15,479
 Travel 7,024 6,668 356
 Passenger fares 480 478 2
 Other transportation 5,319 4,432 887
 Other services 29,335 15,101 14,234

Income 21,852 23,281 -1,429
 Investment income 21,213 22,641 -1,428
 Direct investment 10,027 11,636 -1,609
 Other investment 11,186 11,005 181
 Other private investment 10,176 9,950 226
 U.S. Government liabilities 1,010 1,055 -45
 Compensation of employees 639 640 -1
Unilateral current transfers 5,073 1,886 3,187
 Current account, southbound 355,927 332,880 23,047

2011

Goods and services 378,471 349,007 29,463
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 333,546 320,538 13,008
 Services 44,925 28,469 16,455
 Travel 7,148 7,064 84
 Passenger fares 636 593 43
 Other transportation 5,857 4,790 1,067
 Other services 31,284 16,023 15,261

Income 28,280 24,696 3,584
 Investment income 27,673 24,089 3,584
 Direct investment 15,329 11,082 4,247
 Other investment 12,344 13,007 -663
 Other private investment 11,323 11,807 -484
 U.S. Government liabilities 1,021 1,200 -179
 Compensation of employees 607 607 ...

Unilateral current transfers 4,753 2,160 2,593
 Current account, southbound 411,504 375,863 35,640

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference
2010

Goods and services 328,997 319,424 9,573
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 289,492 292,214 -2,722
 Services 39,505 27,210 12,295
 Travel 7,024 6,957 67
 Passenger fares 480 478 2
 Other transportation 5,332 4,963 369
 Other services 26,669 14,812 11,857

Income 19,998 23,100 -3,102
 Investment income 19,359 22,460 -3,101
 Direct investment 9,275 11,636 -2,361
 Other investment 10,084 10,824 -740
 Other private investment 9,212 9,769 -557
 U.S. Government liabilities 872 1,055 -183
 Compensation of employees 639 640 -1
Unilateral current transfers 1,829 1,708 121
 Current account, southbound 350,824 344,232 6,592

2011

Goods and services 375,027 364,215 10,812
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 333,139 335,063 -1,924
 Services 41,888 29,152 12,736
 Travel 7,148 7,372 -224
 Passenger fares 636 593 43
 Other transportation 5,869 5,472 397
 Other services 28,235 15,715 12,520

Income 26,377 24,495 1,882
 Investment income 25,770 23,888 1,882
 Direct investment 14,738 11,082 3,656
 Other investment 11,032 12,806 -1,774
 Other private investment 10,343 11,605 -1,262
 U.S. Government liabilities 689 1,201 -512
 Compensation of employees 607 607 ...

Unilateral current transfers 1,443 1,891 -448
 Current account, southbound 402,847 390,601 12,246

 Reconciled statistics,
 including statistical
 adjustments

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments
2010

Goods and services 330,890 330,890
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 292,318 292,318
 Services 38,572 38,572
 Travel 7,024 7,024.00
 Passenger fares 480 480
 Other transportation 5,107 5,107
 Other services 25,961 25,961

Income 21,701 21,701
 Investment income 21,061 21,061
 Direct investment 10,456 10,456
 Other investment 10,605 10,605
 Other private investment 9,641 9,641
 U.S. Government liabilities 964 964
 Compensation of employees 640 640
Unilateral current transfers 1,659 1,659
 Current account, southbound 354,250 354,250

2011

Goods and services 376,536 376,536
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 335,233 335,233
 Services 41,303 41,303
 Travel 7,148 7,148
 Passenger fares 636 636
 Other transportation 5,643 5,643
 Other services 27,876 27,876

Income 25,649 25,649
 Investment income 25,042 25,042
 Direct investment 12,910 12,910
 Other investment 12,132 12,132
 Other private investment 11,187 11,187
 U.S. Government liabilities 945 945
 Compensation of employees 607 607

Unilateral current transfers 1,621 1,621
 Current account, southbound 403,806 403,806

 Total adjustments to
 official statostics

 Canada United
 States
2010

Goods and services 1,888 23,177
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 5,474 11,284
 Services -3,586 11,893
 Travel ... 356
 Passenger fares ... 2
 Other transportation -212 675
 Other services -3,374 10,860

Income -151 -1,580
 Investment income -152 -1,580
 Direct investment 429 -1,180
 Other investment -581 -400
 Other private investment -535 -309
 U.S. Government liabilities -46 -91
 Compensation of employees 1 ...
Unilateral current transfers -3,414 -227
 Current account, southbound -1,677 21,370

2011

Goods and services -1,935 27,528
 Goods, balance-of-payments
 basis 1,687 14,695
 Services -3,622 12,833
 Travel ... 84
 Passenger fares ... 43
 Other transportation -214 853
 Other services -3,408 11,853

Income -2,631 953
 Investment income -2,631 953
 Direct investment -2,419 1,828
 Other investment -212 -875
 Other private investment -136 -620
 U.S. Government liabilities -76 -255
 Compensation of employees ... ...

Unilateral current transfers -3,132 -539
 Current account, southbound -7,698 27,942

Table 4.1. Trade in Goods, Northbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]
 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments
2010

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis 250,132 252,388
 Definitional and methodological adjustments
 Definitional adjustments: 5 -1,839
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -260
 Common basis after definitional and
 methodological adjustments 249,877 250,549
 Statistical adjustments 530 -142

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
 adjustments 250,407 250,407

2011

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis 282,277 284,142

 Definitional and methodological adjustments
 Definitional adjustments: 3 -1,790
 Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
 ports to transportation services -369
 Common basis after definitional and
 methodological adjustments 281,911 282,352
 Statistical adjustments 316 -125

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
 adjustments 282,227 282,227

Table 5.1. Travel, Passenger Fares, and Other Transportation,
Northbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Travel 16,629 17,649 -1,020
 Business and personal 16,629 16,485 144
 Education ... 797 -797
 Medical ... 368 -368

Passenger fares 4,283 4,292 -9

Other transportation 2,994 3,758 -764
 Freight 2,466 3,131 -665
 Ocean 178 426 -248
 Air 195 35 160
 Truck 1,657 1,657 ...
 Other 436 1,013 -577
 Port services 528 519 9
 Vessel operators 65 81 -16
 Airline operators 201 403 -202
 Other 262 35 227
 Other ... 107 -107

 2011

Travel 19,366 20,425 -1,059
 Business and personal 19,366 19,235 131
 Education ... 805 -805
 Medical ... 385 -385

Passenger fares 4,598 4,745 -147

Other transportation 3,161 4,110 -949
 Freight 2,597 3,353 -756
 Ocean 146 572 -426
 Air 214 65 149
 Truck 1,779 1,777 2
 Other 458 940 -482
 Port services 564 566 -2
 Vessel operators 67 131 -64
 Airline operators 235 385 -150
 Other 262 50 212
 Other ... 192 -192

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Travel 17,898 17,649 249
 Business and personal 16,629 16,485 144
 Education 904 797 107
 Medical 365 368 -3

Passenger fares 4,283 4,292 -9

Other transportation 3,254 3,876 -622
 Freight 2,452 3,022 -570
 Ocean 164 317 -153
 Air 35 35 ...
 Truck 1,657 1,657 ...
 Other 596 1,013 -417
 Port services 788 747 41
 Vessel operators 121 81 40
 Airline operators 405 403 2
 Other 262 263 -1
 Other 14 107 -93

 2011

Travel 20,676 20,425 251
 Business and personal 19,366 19,235 131
 Education 925 805 120
 Medical 385 385 ...

Passenger fares 4,598 4,745 -147

Other transportation 3,530 4,197 -667
 Freight 2,587 3,212 -625
 Ocean 136 431 -295
 Air 65 65 ...
 Truck 1,779 1,777 2
 Other 607 940 -333
 Port services 933 793 140
 Vessel operators 130 131 -1
 Airline operators 541 385 156
 Other 262 277 -15
 Other 10 192 -182

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments

 2010

Travel 17,754 17,754
 Business and personal 16,485 16,485
 Education 904 904
 Medical 365 365

Passenger fares 4,292 4,292

Other transportation 3,623 3,623
 Freight 2,747 2,747
 Ocean 252 252
 Air 35 35
 Truck 1,657 1,657
 Other 803 803
 Port services 769 769
 Vessel operators 101 101
 Airline operators 405 405
 Other 263 263
 Other 107 107

 2011

Travel 20,545 20,545
 Business and personal 19,235 19,235
 Education 925 925
 Medical 385 385

Passenger fares 4,745 4,745

Other transportation 4,045 4,045
 Freight 2,911 2,911
 Ocean 254 254
 Air 65 65
 Truck 1,779 1,779
 Other 813 813
 Port services 942 942
 Vessel operators 131 131
 Airline operators 541 541
 Other 270 270
 Other 192 192

 Total adjustments to official statistics

 United
 States Canada Type of adjustment

 2010

Travel 1,125 105
 Business and personal -144 ... Statistical
 Education 904 107 Methodological and
 statistical
 Medical 365 -3 Methodological and
 statistical

Passenger fares 9 ... Statistical

Other transportation 629 -135
 Freight 281 -384
 Ocean 74 -174 Definitional,
 methodological, and
 statistical
 Air -160 ... Methodological
 Truck ... ...
 Other 367 -210 Methodological and
 statistical
 Port services 241 250
 Vessel operators 36 20 Methodological and
 statistical
 Airline operators 204 2 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other 1 228 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other 107 ... Methodological and
 statistical

 2011

Travel 1,179 120
 Business and personal -131 ... Statistical
 Education 925 120 Methodological and
 statistical
 Medical 385 ... Methodological

Passenger fares 147 ... Statistical

Other transportation 884 -65
 Freight 314 -442
 Ocean 108 -318 Definitional,
 methodological, and
 statistical

 Air -149 ... Methodological
 Truck ... 2 Statistical
 Other 355 -127 Methodological and
 statistical
 Port services 378 376
 Vessel operators 64 ... Methodological and
 statistical
 Airline operators 306 156 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other 8 220 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other 192 ... Methodological and
 statistical

Table 5.2. Travel, Passenger Fares, and Other Transportation,
Southbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Travel 7,024 6,668 356
 Business and personal 6,676 6,668 8
 Education 247 ... 247
 Medical 101 ... 101

Passenger fares 480 478 2

Other transportation 5,319 4,432 887
 Freight 4,123 3,807 316
 Ocean 290 334 -44
 Air 7 7 ...
 Truck 2,990 2,990 ...
 Other 836 476 360
 Port services 1,079 625 454
 Vessel operators 131 87 44
 Airline operators 876 467 409
 Other 72 71 1
 Other 117 ... 117

 2011

Travel 7,148 7,064 84
 Business and personal 6,785 7,064 -279
 Education 259 ... 259
 Medical 105 ... 105

Passenger fares 636 593 43

Other transportation 5,857 4,790 1,067
 Freight 4,569 4,115 454
 Ocean 368 363 5
 Air 7 8 -1
 Truck 3,231 3,232 -1
 Other 963 512 451
 Port services 1,150 675 475
 Vessel operators 142 98 44
 Airline operators 926 495 431
 Other 82 82 ...
 Other 138 ... 138

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 Canadian U. S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Travel 7,024 6,957 67
 Business and personal 6,676 6,668 8
 Education 247 149 98
 Medical 101 140 -39

Passenger fares 480 478 2

Other transportation 5,332 4,963 369
 Freight 4,123 3,627 496
 Ocean 290 269 21
 Air 7 7 ...
 Truck 2,990 2,990 ...
 Other 836 361 475
 Port services 1,154 1,271 -117
 Vessel operators 136 140 -4
 Airline operators 876 876 ...
 Other 142 255 -113
 Other 55 65 -10

 2011

Travel 7,148 7,372 -224
 Business and personal 6,785 7,064 -279
 Education 259 151 108
 Medical 105 157 -52

Passenger fares 636 593 43

Other transportation 5,869 5,472 397
 Freight 4,569 4,016 553
 Ocean 368 279 89
 Air 7 8 -1
 Truck 3,231 3,232 -1
 Other 963 497 466
 Port services 1,236 1,372 -136
 Vessel operators 147 157 -10
 Airline operators 926 926 ...
 Other 163 289 -126
 Other 64 84 -20

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments
 adjustments
 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments

 2010

Travel 7,024 7,024
 Business and personal 6,676 6,676
 Education 247 247
 Medical 101 101

Passenger fares 480 480

Other transportation 5,107 5,107
 Freight 3,829 3,829
 Ocean 190 190
 Air 7 7
 Truck 2,990 2,990
 Other 642 642
 Port services 1,213 1,213
 Vessel operators 138 138
 Airline operators 876 876
 Other 199 199
 Other 65 65

 2011

Travel 7,148 7,148
 Business and personal 6,785 6,785
 Education 259 259
 Medical 105 105

Passenger fares 636 636

Other transportation 5,643 5,643
 Freight 4,255 4,255
 Ocean 234 234
 Air 8 8
 Truck 3,232 3,232
 Other 781 781
 Port services 1,304 1,304
 Vessel operators 152 152
 Airline operators 926 926
 Other 226 226
 Other 84 84

 Total adjustments to official
 statistics

 United
 Canada States Type of adjustment

 2010

Travel ... 356
 Business and personal ... 8 Statistical
 Education ... 247 Methodological and
 statistical
 Medical ... 101 Methodological and
 statistical

Passenger fares ... 2 Statistical

Other transportation -212 675
 Freight -294 22
 Ocean -100 -144 Methodological and
 statistical
 Air ... ... Methodological
 Truck ... ...
 Other -194 166 Methodological and
 statistical
 Port services 134 588
 Vessel operators 7 51 Definitional,
 methodological, and
 statistical
 Airline operators ... 409 Methodological
 Other 127 128 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other -52 65 Definitional,
 methodological, and

 2011 statistical

Travel ... 84
 Business and personal ... -279 Statistical
 Education ... 259 Methodological and
 statistical
 Medical ... 105 Methodological and
 statistical

Passenger fares ... 43 Statistical

Other transportation -214 853
 Freight -314 140
 Ocean -134 -129 Methodological and
 statistical
 Air 1 ... Statistical
 Truck 1 ... Statistical
 Other -182 269 Methodological and
 statistical
 Port services 154 629
 Vessel operators 10 54 Definitional,
 methodological, and
 statistical
 Airline operators ... 431 Methodological
 Other 144 144 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other -54 84 Definitional,
 methodological, and
 statistical

Table 6.1. Other Services, Northbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

 Total 27,122 29,972 -2,850

Affiliated 9,369 17,825 -8,456
 Royalties and license fees 4,445 5,401 -956
 Other services 4,924 12,424 -7,500

Unaffiliated 17,571 12,147 5,424
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 5,736 3,292 2,444
 Insurance 2,613 987 1,626
 Financial services 3,783 1,880 1,903
 Education and training 993 71 922
 Communications 599 1,001 -402
 Computer services 1,104 1,251 -147
 Business services 2,427 2,328 99
 Sports and entertainment 56 812 -756
 Other private ... 80 -80
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 40 ... 40
 Canada 220 445 -225

US military sales 182 ... 182

 2011

 Total 29,152 32,326 -3,174

Affiliated 9,719 18,915 -9,196
 Royalties and license fees 4,537 5,747 -1,210
 Other services 5,182 13,168 -7,986

Unaffiliated 19,276 13,411 5,865
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 6,800 3,524 3,276
 Insurance 2,835 1,063 1,772
 Financial services 3,992 1,916 2,076
 Education and training 1,027 70 957
 Communications 616 977 -361
 Computer services 1,066 1,378 -312
 Business services 2,614 3,079 -465
 Sports and entertainment 56 830 -774
 Other private ... 83 -83
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 44 ... 44
 Canada 226 491 -265

US military sales 157 ... 157

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 U. S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

 Total 25,853 28,405 -2,552

Affiliated 9,369 17,498 -8,129
 Royalties and license fees 2,950 5,401 -2,451
 Other services 6,419 12,097 -5,678

Unaffiliated 16,302 10,907 5,395
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 5,721 3,192 2,529
 Insurance 2,613 987 1,626
 Financial services 3,783 1,684 2,099
 Education and training 89 100 -11
 Communications 599 1,001 -402
 Computer services 1,104 1,104 ...
 Business services 2,063 2,142 -79
 Sports and entertainment 70 463 -393
 Other private ... ... ...
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 40 ... 40
 Canada 220 234 -14

US military sales 182 ... 182

 2011

 Total 27,842 30,431 -2,589

Affiliated 9,719 18,578 -8,859
 Royalties and license fees 2,838 5,747 -2,909
 Other services 6,881 12,831 -5,950

Unaffiliated 17,966 11,853 6,113
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 6,780 3,417 3,363
 Insurance 2,835 1,063 1,772
 Financial services 3,992 1,671 2,321
 Education and training 102 100 2
 Communications 616 977 -361
 Computer services 1,066 1,065 1
 Business services 2,229 2,827 -598
 Sports and entertainment 76 462 -386
 Other private ... ... ...
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 44 ... 44
 Canada 226 271 -45

US military sales 157 ... 157

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments

 2010

 Total 30,973 30,973

Affiliated 13,458 13,458
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated 17,333 17,333
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 5,721 5,721
 Insurance 2,613 2,613
 Financial services 3,992 3,992
 Education and training 95 95
 Communications 800 800
 Computer services 1,104 1,104
 Business services 2,467 2,467
 Sports and entertainment 267 267
 Other private ... ...
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 40 40
 Canada 234 234

US military sales 182 182

 2011

 Total 33,560 33,560

Affiliated 14,142 14,142
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated 19,261 19,261
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 6,780 6,780
 Insurance 2,835 2,835
 Financial services 4,170 4,170
 Education and training 101 101
 Communications 796 796
 Computer services 1,066 1,066
 Business services 2,929 2,929
 Sports and entertainment 269 269
 Other private ... ...
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) 44 44
 Canada 271 271

US military sales 157 157

 Total adjustments to official
 statistics

 United Type of adjustment
 States Canada

 2010

 Total 3,851 1,001

Affiliated 4,089 -4,367 Definitional and
 statistical
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated -238 5,186
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services -15 2,429 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Insurance ... 1,626 Statistical
 Financial services 209 2,112 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Education and training -898 24 Methodological and
 statistical
 Communications 201 -201 Statistical
 Computer services ... -147 Definitional and
 methodological
 Business services 40 139 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Sports and entertainment 211 -545 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Other private ... -80 Definitional
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) ... 40 Statistical
 Canada 14 -211 Methodological and
 statistical

US military sales ... 182 Statistical

 2011

 Total 4,408 1,234

Affiliated 4,423 -4,773 Definitional and
 statistical
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated -15 5,850
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services -20 3,256 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Insurance ... 1,772 Statistical
 Financial services 178 2,254 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Education and training -926 31 Methodological and
 statistical
 Communications 180 -181 Statistical
 Computer services ... -312 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Business services 315 -150 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Sports and entertainment 213 -561 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Other private ... -83 Definitional
 Government:
 United States
 (nonmilitary) ... 44 Statistical
 Canada 45 -220 Methodological and
 statistical

US military sales ... 157 Statistical

(1.) Royalties and license fees are combined with "other" services
for reconciliation.

Table 6.2. Other Services, Southbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 Canadian U. S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

 Total 29,335 15,101 14,234

Affiliated 15,690 6,970 8,720
 Royalties and license fees 862 254 608
 Other services 14,828 6,716 8,112

Unaffiliated 13,645 7,861 5,784
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 3,845 1,494 2,351
 Insurance 590 1,218 -628
 Financial services 2,219 730 1,489
 Education and training 23 188 -165
 Communications 662 325 337
 Computer services 2,493 1,229 1,264
 Business services 2,774 2,423 351
 Sports and entertainment 348 25 323
 Other private 145 ... 145
 Government:
 Canada 546 ... 546
 United States
 (nondefense) ... 229 -229

US defense expenditures ... 270 -270

 2011

 Total 31,284 16,023 15,261

Affiliated 16,629 7,647 8,982
 Royalties and license fees 892 417 475
 Other services 15,737 7,230 8,507

Unaffiliated 14,655 8,165 6,490
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 4,116 1,382 2,734
 Insurance 616 1,288 -672
 Financial services 2,713 882 1,831
 Education and training 24 198 -174
 Communications 770 252 518
 Computer services 2,596 1,267 1,329
 Business services 2,773 2,635 138
 Sports and entertainment 398 30 368
 Other private 160 ... 160
 Government:
 Canada 489 ... 489
 United States
 (nondefense) ... 231 -231

US defense expenditures ... 211 -211

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

 Total 26,669 14,812 11,857

Affiliated 14,671 6,970 7,701
 Royalties and license fees 862 237 625
 Other services 13,809 6,733 7,076

Unaffiliated 11,752 7,572 4,180
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 3,181 1,487 1,694
 Insurance 590 1,218 -628
 Financial services 1,262 730 532
 Education and training 23 39 -16
 Communications 662 325 337
 Computer services 2,493 1,229 1,264
 Business services 2,893 2,282 611
 Sports and entertainment 348 33 315
 Other private ... ... ...
 Government:
 Canada 71 ... 71
 United States
 (nondefense) 229 229 ...

US defense expenditures 246 270 -24

 2011

 Total 28,235 15,715 12,520

Affiliated 15,510 7,647 7,863
 Royalties and license fees 892 354 538
 Other services 14,618 7,293 7,325

Unaffiliated 12,539 7,857 4,682
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 3,382 1,382 2,000
 Insurance 616 1,288 -672
 Financial services 1,552 882 670
 Education and training 24 47 -23
 Communications 770 252 518
 Computer services 2,596 1,267 1,329
 Business services 2,898 2,478 420
 Sports and entertainment 398 30 368
 Other private ... ... ...
 Government:
 Canada 72 ... 72
 United States
 (nondefense) 231 231 ...

US defense expenditures 186 211 -25

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments

 2010

 Total 25,961 25,961

Affiliated 13,310 13,310
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated 12,381 12,381
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 3,218 3,218
 Insurance 1,218 1,218
 Financial services 1,380 1,380
 Education and training 39 39
 Communications 662 662
 Computer services 2,493 2,493
 Business services 2,723 2,723
 Sports and entertainment 348 348
 Other private ... ...
 Government:
 Canada 71 71
 United States
 (nondefense) 229 229

US defense expenditures 270 270

 2011

 Total 27,876 27,876

Affiliated 14,135 14,135
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated 13,530 13,530
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services 3,447 3,447
 Insurance 1,288 1,288
 Financial services 1,724 1,724
 Education and training 47 47
 Communications 770 770
 Computer services 2,595 2,595
 Business services 2,958 2,958
 Sports and entertainment 398 398
 Other private ... ...
 Government:
 Canada 72 72
 United States
 (nondefense) 231 231

US defense expenditures 211 211

 Total adjustments to official
 statistics

 United
 Canada States Type of adjustment

 2010

 Total -3,374 10,860

Affiliated -2,380 6,340 Definitional and
 statistical
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated -1,264 4,520
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services -627 1,724 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Insurance 628 ... Statistical
 Financial services -839 650 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Education and training 16 -149 Methodological and
 statistical
 Communications ... 337 Statistical
 Computer services ... 1,264 Statistical
 Business services -51 300 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Sports and entertainment ... 323 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other private -145 ... Definitional
 Government:
 Canada -475 71 Methodological and
 statistical
 United States
 (nondefense) 229 ... Methodological

US defense expenditures 270 ... Methodological and
 statistical

 2011

 Total -3,408 11,853

Affiliated -2,494 6,488 Definitional and
 statistical
 Royalties and license fees (1) (1)
 Other services (1) (1)

Unaffiliated -1,125 5,365
 Royalties, license fees,
 and selected services -669 2,065 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Insurance 672 ... Statistical
 Financial services -989 842 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Education and training 23 -151 Methodological and
 statistical
 Communications ... 518 Statistical
 Computer services -1 1,328 Statistical
 Business services 185 323 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Sports and entertainment ... 368 Statistical
 Other private -160 ... Definitional
 Government:
 Canada -417 72 Methodological and
 statistical
 United States
 (nondefense) 231 ... Methodological

US defense expenditures 211 ... Methodological and

statistical
(1.) Royalties and license fees are combined with "other" services
for reconciliation.

Table 7.1. Investment Income, Northbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Investment income 49,627 50,712 -1,085

 Direct investment income 30,326 24,105 6,221
 Earnings of affiliates 29,728 22,342 7,386
 Dividends 6,472 14,636 -8,164
 Reinvested earnings 23,256 7,706 15,550
 Interest 598 1,763 -1,165

 Other investment income 19,301 26,607 -7,306
 Of which:
 Securities 17,821 23,821 -6,000
 Dividends 8,184 7,193 991
 Interest 9,637 16,628 -6,991
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,477 2,786 -1,309
 U.S. bank claims 983 1,500 -517
 Other private U.S.
 claims 494 1,286 -792

 2011

Investment income 64,177 57,999 6,178

 Direct investment income 40,729 29,119 11,610
 Earnings of affiliates 39,847 27,373 12,474
 Dividends 7,007 16,096 -9,089
 Reinvested earnings 32,840 11,277 21,563
 Interest 882 1,746 -864

 Other investment income 23,448 28,880 -5,432
 Of which:
 Securities 21,594 25,697 -4,103
 Dividends 10,864 7,800 3,064
 Interest 10,730 17,897 -7,167
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,852 3,183 -1,331
 U.S. bank claims 1,135 1,959 -824
 Other private U.S.
 claims 717 1,224 -507

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Investment income 50,886 48,127 2,759

 Direct investment income 30,326 23,556 6,770
 Earnings of affiliates 29,728 22,342 7,386
 Dividends 6,472 14,636 -8,164
 Reinvested earnings 23,256 7,706 15,550
 Interest 598 1,214 -616

 Other investment income 20,560 24,571 -4,011
 Of which:
 Securities 19,260 23,498 -4,238
 Dividends 8,184 6,871 1,313
 Interest 11,076 16,627 -5,551
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,297 1,073 224
 U.S. bank claims 786 610 176
 Other private U.S.
 claims 511 463 48

 2011

Investment income 65,579 55,943 9,636

 Direct investment income 40,729 28,730 11,999
 Earnings of affiliates 39,847 27,373 12,474
 Dividends 7,007 16,096 -9,089
 Reinvested earnings 32,840 11,277 21,563
 Interest 882 1,357 -475

 Other investment income 24,850 27,213 -2,363
 Of which:
 Securities 23,198 25,998 -2,800
 Dividends 10,864 8,101 2,763
 Interest 12,334 17,897 -5,563
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,650 1,215 435
 U.S. bank claims 944 598 346
 Other private U.S.
 claims 706 617 89

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments

 U.S. Canadian
 receipts payments

 2010

Investment income 49,640 49,640

 Direct investment income 26,941 26,941
 Earnings of affiliates 26,035 26,035
 Dividends 10,554 10,554
 Reinvested earnings 15,481 15,481
 Interest 906 906

 Other investment income 22,699 22,699
 Of which:
 Securities 21,511 21,511
 Dividends 7,659 7,659
 Interest 13,852 13,852
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,185 1,185
 U.S. bank claims 698 698
 Other private U.S.
 claims 487 487

 2011

Investment income 61,038 61,038

 Direct investment income 34,729 34,729
 Earnings of affiliates 33,610 33,610
 Dividends 11,551 11,551
 Reinvested earnings 22,059 22,059
 Interest 1,119 1,119

 Other investment income 26,309 26,309
 Of which:
 Securities 24,874 24,874
 Dividends 9,759 9,759
 Interest 15,115 15,115
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities 1,433 1,433
 U.S. bank claims 771 771
 Other private U.S.
 claims 662 662

 Total adjustments to official statistics

 United
 States Canada Type of adjustment

 2010

Investment income 13 -1,072

 Direct investment income -3,385 2,836
 Earnings of affiliates -3,693 3,693
 Dividends 4,082 -4,082 Statistical
 Reinvested earnings -7,775 7,775 Statistical
 Interest 308 -857 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical

 Other investment income 3,398 -3,908
 Of which:
 Securities 3,690 -2,310
 Dividends -525 466 Definitional and
 statistical
 Interest 4,215 -2,776 Definitional and
 statistical
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities -292 -1,601
 U.S. bank claims -285 -802 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Other private U.S.
 claims -7 -799 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical

 2011

Investment income -3,139 3,039

 Direct investment income -6,000 5,610
 Earnings of affiliates -6,237 6,237
 Dividends 4,544 -4,545 Statistical
 Reinvested earnings -10,781 10,782 Statistical
 Interest 237 -627 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical

 Other investment income 2,861 -2,571
 Of which:
 Securities 3,280 -823
 Dividends -1,105 1,959 Definitional and
 statistical
 Interest 4,385 -2,782 Definitional and
 statistical
 U.S. claims/Canadian
 liabilities -419 -1,750
 U.S. bank claims -364 -1,188 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Other private U.S.
 claims -55 -562 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical

Table 7.2. Investment Income, Southbound
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

 Official statistics

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Investment income 21,213 22,641 -1,428

 Direct investment income 10,027 11,636 -1,609
 Earnings of affiliates 9,233 11,046 -1,813
 Dividends 3,787 8,421 -4,634
 Reinvested earnings 5,446 2,625 2,821
 Interest 794 590 204

 Other investment income 11,186 11,005 181
 Securities 8,905 9,244 -339
 Dividends 5,678 5,658 20
 Interest 3,227 3,586 -359
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 1,271 706 565
 Canadian bank claims 615 166 449
 Other private
 Canadian claims 656 540 116
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 1,010 1,055 -45

 2011

Investment income 27,673 24,089 3,584

 Direct investment income 15,329 11,082 4,247
 Earnings of affiliates 14,626 10,595 4,031
 Dividends 3,588 2,274 1,314
 Reinvested earnings 11,038 8,321 2,717

 Other investment income 12,344 13,007 -663
 Securities 9,957 11,016 -1,059
 Dividends 6,672 7,054 -382
 Interest 3,285 3,962 -677
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 1,366 791 575
 Canadian bank claims 682 198 484
 Other private
 Canadian claims 684 593 91
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 1,021 1,200 -179

 Common-basis statistics after
 definitional and methodological
 adjustments

 Canadian U.S.
 receipts payments Difference

 2010

Investment income 19,359 22,460 -3,101

 Direct investment income 9,275 11,636 -2,361
 Earnings of affiliates 8,861 11,046 -2,185
 Dividends 4,155 8,421 -4,266
 Reinvested earnings 4,706 2,625 2,081
 Interest 414 590 -176

 Other investment income 10,084 10,824 -740
 Securities 8,280 9,252 -972
 Dividends 5,223 5,658 -435
 Interest 3,057 3,594 -537
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 932 517 415
 Canadian bank claims 276 399 -123
 Other private
 Canadian claims 656 118 538
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 872 1,055 -183

 2011

Investment income 25,770 23,888 1,882

 Direct investment income 14,738 11,082 3,656
 Earnings of affiliates 14,320 10,595 3,725
 Dividends 3,736 2,274 1,462
 Reinvested earnings 10,584 8,321 2,263

 Other investment income 11,032 12,806 -1,774
 Securities 9,444 11,021 -1,577
 Dividends 6,177 7,055 -878
 Interest 3,267 3,966 -699
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 899 584 315
 Canadian bank claims 215 452 -237
 Other private
 Canadian claims 684 132 552
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 689 1,201 -512

 Reconciled
 statistics,
 including
 statistical
 adjustments

 Canadian U. S.
 receipts payments

 2010

Investment income 21,061 21,061

 Direct investment income 10,456 10,456
 Earnings of affiliates 9,954 9,954
 Dividends 6,289 6,289
 Reinvested earnings 3,665 3,665
 Interest 502 502

 Other investment income 10,605 10,605
 Securities 8,862 8,862
 Dividends 5,483 5,483
 Interest 3,379 3,379
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 779 779
 Canadian bank claims 338 338
 Other private
 Canadian claims 441 441
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 964 964

 2011

Investment income 25,042 25,042

 Direct investment income 12,910 12,910
 Earnings of affiliates 12,458 12,458
 Dividends 3,005 3,005
 Reinvested earnings 9,453 9,453

 Other investment income 12,132 12,132
 Securities 10,390 10,390
 Dividends 6,703 6,703
 Interest 3,687 3,687
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities 797 797
 Canadian bank claims 334 334
 Other private
 Canadian claims 463 463
 U.S. Government
 liabilities 945 945

 Total adjustments to official
 statistics

 United
 Canada States Type of adjustment

 2010

Investment income -152 -1,580

 Direct investment income 429 -1,180
 Earnings of affiliates 721 -1,092
 Dividends 2,502 -2,132 Methodological and
 statistical
 Reinvested earnings -1,781 1,040 Methodological and
 statistical
 Interest -292 -88 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical

 Other investment income -581 -400
 Securities -43 -382
 Dividends -195 -175 Definitional and
 statistical
 Interest 152 -207 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities -492 73
 Canadian bank claims -277 172 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other private
 Canadian claims -215 -99 Methodological and
 statistical
 U.S. Government
 liabilities -46 -91 Definitional and
 statistical

 2011

Investment income -2,631 953

 Direct investment income -2,419 1,828
 Earnings of affiliates -2,168 1,863
 Dividends -583 731 Methodological and
 statistical
 Reinvested earnings -1,585 1,132 Methodological and
 statistical

 Other investment income -212 -875
 Securities 433 -626
 Dividends 31 -351 Definitional and
 statistical
 Interest 402 -275 Definitional,
 methodological,
 and statistical
 Canadian claims/U.S.
 liabilities -569 6
 Canadian bank claims -348 136 Methodological and
 statistical
 Other private
 Canadian claims -221 -130 Methodological and
 statistical
 U.S. Government
 liabilities -76 -255 Definitional and
 statistical