U.S. travel and tourism satellite accounts for 2009-2012.

Zemanek, Steven L.

THE TRAVEL and tourism industry--as measured by the real output of goods and services sold directly to visitors--increased 2.8 percent in 2012 after increasing 6.2 percent in 2011, according to the most recent statistics from the travel and tourism satellite accounts of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). In comparison, the broader economy--as measured by real gross domestic product--increased 2.2 percent in 2012 after increasing 1.8 percent in 2011. (1) Direct tourism employment increased 2.7 percent in 2012 after increasing 3.0 percent in 2011.

Highlights from the travel and tourism satellite accounts include the following:

* Nineteen of twenty-four commodities contributed to the growth in real tourism output in 2012, including traveler accommodations, food and beverage services, and gasoline.

* Inbound tourism increased 7.6 percent in 2012, and outbound tourism increased 5.0 percent. As a result, travel and tourism net exports increased to $46.3 billion in 2012 from $40.3 billion in 2011.

* Prices for tourism goods and services increased 2.5 percent in 2012 after increasing 5.0 percent in 2011. Gasoline was the largest contributor to the price growth, followed by food and beverage services and domestic passenger air transportation.

This update of the travel and tourism accounts revises previously published statistics. These revised statistics primarily reflect the incorporation of detailed data from BEA's annual revision of the industry accounts for 2009-2011 and summary statistics from the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) through 2012. The travel and tourism accounts are available on the BEA Web site at www.bea.gov; see the box "Data Availability."

The remainder of this article discusses trends in travel and tourism output and prices, the composition of tourism demand, and tourism value added and employment. The core tables for travel and tourism accounts follow the article.

Trends in Output and Prices

Real output

Real direct travel and tourism output decelerated in 2012, increasing 2.8 percent after increasing 6.2 percent in 2011 (table A). The main contributors to the overall deceleration in growth were the deceleration in gasoline and the downturn in domestic passenger air transportation services.

The increase in real output in 2012 was concentrated in a few commodities. The biggest contributors were traveler accommodations, food and beverage services, and gasoline. Traveler accommodations, which grew 5.4 percent, contributed 1.06 percentage points. Five commodities subtracted from growth, including domestic passenger air transportation services, which subtracted 0.46 percentage point (tables B, C, and chart 1).

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Prices

Travel and tourism price growth decelerated in 2012, increasing 2.5 percent after increasing 5.0 percent in 2011 (table D). Gasoline was the primary contributor to the deceleration, contributing 0.46 percentage point in 2012 after contributing 2.42 percentage points in 2011.

The price growth was distributed among several travel and tourism commodities. The largest contributors to the increase were gasoline, food and beverage services, and domestic passenger air transportation services. Gasoline prices, the leading contributor to price growth for 3 consecutive years, increased 3.8 percent. Food and beverage services grew 2.9 percent and contributed 0.45 percentage point, and domestic passenger air transportation services grew 4.6 percent and contributed 0.41 percentage point. These positive contributions were partly offset by automotive rental and leasing, which subtracted 0.10 percentage point from the growth (tables E, F, and chart 2).

Total output

Total tourism-related output increased to $1.46 trillion in 2012, up 5.7 percent from $1.38 trillion in 2011. In 2012, total output consisted of $868.0 billion in direct tourism output and $593.2 billion in indirect tourism output. The 1.68 ratio of total output to direct output means that every dollar of direct tourism output required an additional 68 cents of indirect tourism output (chart 3).

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Direct tourism output includes goods and services sold directly to visitors, such as passenger air travel. Indirect tourism output includes sales of all goods and services used to produce that direct output, such as jet fuel to fly the plane and catering services for longer international flights.

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The Composition of Tourism Demand

The travel and tourism accounts include estimates of the composition of tourism demand by type of visitor. They distinguish expenditures of U.S. residents traveling abroad from those of U.S. residents and nonresidents traveling within the United States for leisure, business, or government purposes. Net exports of tourism trade is derived by subtracting expenditures on foreign travel by U.S. residents (an import of goods and services to outbound travelers) from expenditures on U.S. travel by nonresidents (an export of goods and services to inbound travelers).

International travel and tourism

Current-dollar international travel (the sum of inbound and outbound travel) increased 6.5 percent in 2012 after increasing 10.5 percent in 2011. The increase in inbound activity was larger than the increase in outbound activity, which resulted in a robust increase in travel and tourism net exports ($46.3 billion, table G).

Inbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from U.S. providers by nonresidents traveling in the United States. In 2012, inbound tourism grew 7.6 percent to $163.0 billion after increasing 13.5 percent in 2011 (chart 4). The growth reflected the improvement of the global economy as visitors from countries with relatively stronger currencies continued to increase. (2)

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Outbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from foreign providers by U.S. residents traveling abroad. In 2012, outbound activity increased 5.0 percent to $116.7 billion.

Internal travel and tourism. This consists of travel and tourism within the borders of the United States--the sum of domestic activity and inbound activity. (3) Inbound travel and tourism's share of internal tourism in 2011 (the most recent year for which data are available) accounted for 15.0 percent of total internal tourism (table H and chart 5).

National tourism. This consists of travel and tourism by U.S. residents, both within the United States and abroad--the sum of domestic tourism and outbound tourism. The calculation of outbound tourism includes all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign or U.S. providers so that expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States (domestic tourism) are consistent with expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad (outbound tourism). Outbound tourism's share of national tourism was 18.0 percent in 2011 (the most recent year for which data are available), which is down from the peak of 18.9 percent in 2010 (table I and chart 6).

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Domestic travel and tourism

Domestic tourism includes travel and tourism by U.S. residents within the borders of the United States. Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the other U.S. territories are outside of this defined boundary and are classified in "international travel." The travel and tourism accounts break out all expenditures on domestic travel and tourism by type of visitor: resident households, business, and government. Business' share of domestic travel and tourism increased to 33.0 percent in 2011 (the most recent year for which data are available). Government expenditures accounted for 4.9 percent of domestic travel and tourism in 2011, a slight decrease from the share in 2010. In general, government travel is more stable than business or leisure travel, and as a result, government's share tends to increase during downturns in travel and tourism and decrease during upturns. (table J and chart 7).

Tourism Value Added and Employment

Value added

A sector's value added measures its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). In 2011 (the most recent year for which data are available), the travel and tourism industry's share of GDP was 2.8 percent (table K). Travel and tourism's share of GDP remains a larger share of GDP than industries such as broadcasting and telecommunications, utilities, and computer and electronic products manufacturing.

Direct employment

Direct tourism employment includes jobs that involve producing goods and services that are sold directly to visitors. Examples include restaurant servers, hotel clerks, and flight attendants. In 2012, direct employment increased 2.7 percent. The largest contributor to the increase was food services and drinking places, which contributed 1.18 percentage points to the overall growth. Traveler accommodations was the second leading contributor and contributed 0.48 percentage point (table L and chart 8). Except for a small decrease in interurban charter bus transportation, employment in most other industries held constant or increased slightly in 2012 (table M).

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Total employment

Total tourism-related employment (the sum of direct and indirect jobs) increased to 7.8 million jobs in 2012. The 7.8 million jobs consisted of 5.6 million direct tourism jobs and 2.2 million indirect tourism jobs (chart 9). Direct tourism employment comprises jobs that produce direct tourism output, such as airline pilots, and indirect tourism employment comprises jobs that produce indirect tourism output, such as refinery workers producing jet fuel. The most recent data indicate that for every 10 direct tourism jobs generated, an additional four jobs are indirectly generated.

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Data Table Guide and Methodology

The advance estimates for 2012 are presented in three tables. The first table presents direct and total tourismrelated output. The second table presents direct and total tourism-related employment. The third table presents real tourism output. The revised estimates for 2011 are presented in a set of eight core tables: Production of commodities by industry, supply and consumption of commodities, demand for commodities by type of visitor, output and value added by industry, output by commodity, employment and compensation of employees by industry, total tourism-related employment by industry, and real tourism output.

Table 1. Production of Commodities by Industry

This table presents 26 industry categories that produce goods and services purchased by visitors and the value of that production. It presents estimates of each industry's value added and the three value added components: Compensation of employees, "taxes on production and imports, less subsidies," and gross operating surplus.

The estimates of commodities purchased by visitors and the industries that produce the commodities are from the annual input-output (I-O) accounts. Production data are extracted and arranged into a matrix. This table shows the tourism-related commodities (rows) produced by each tourism-related industry (columns).

Table 2. Supply and Consumption of Commodities

This table presents information on the supply of 32 commodities (valued in producers' prices and purchasers' prices), and the consumption of these commodities (valued in purchasers' prices) as intermediate purchases by business and government and as final purchases by resident households, business, government, and foreigners.

The estimates of total supply in purchasers' prices are derived by summing domestic production by commodity in producers' prices, imports, wholesale and retail margins, and transportation costs and by adjusting for change in private inventories. Total consumption is the sum of intermediate expenditures (private and government), personal consumption expenditures, gross private fixed investment, government final expenditures, and exports of goods and services.

Data on imports, changes in private inventories, wholesale trade and transportation costs, and retail trade margins are extracted from the annual I-O accounts and added to the estimates for domestic production found in table 1 to arrive at estimates for total supply, by commodity. Then, using more data from the annual I-O accounts, the estimates for total supply are disaggregated into intermediate private expenditures, intermediate government expenditures, personal consumption expenditures, gross private fixed investment, government final expenditures, and exports.

Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor

This table details the portion of total consumption of each commodity consumed by four types of visitors--resident households, businesses, government, and nonresidents. For each commodity, the table also provides a tourism commodity ratio--visitor consumption divided by total consumption. A commodity's tourism commodity ratio indicates the share of its output that is sold to visitors.

These estimates are based on survey data on visitor spending behavior that are used to break down total consumption estimates from the supply and consumption of commodities table into tourism demand by type of visitor. (4) Total tourism demand is the sum of demand by the four types of domestic visitors (resident households, business, government, and nonresidents).

Table 3a. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor (Unadjusted for Travel Arrangement Commissions)

This table presents the same data as "Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor," but travel agency commissions have not been moved.

Table 4. Output and Value Added by Industry

This table presents estimates of tourism output, intermediate consumption, and value added by industry. It also presents each industry's total output, total intermediate consumption, and total value added. Each industry's tourism industry ratio is also provided. This ratio represents the share of each industry's output, intermediate consumption, and value added that is consumed by visitors.

Tourism industry ratios are calculated from estimates in the production by industry table (table 1) and from the demand for commodities table (table 3). The industry output estimates from the production table are multiplied by the tourism commodity ratios from the demand table in order to obtain tourism industry ratios. The estimates of tourism output, tourism intermediate consumption, and tourism value added are calculated by multiplying industry output, intermediate consumption, and value added by the tourism industry ratios.

Table 5. Output by Tourism Commodity

This table presents estimates of direct tourism output and total tourism-related output by commodity. For each commodity, the table also presents domestic production (at purchasers' prices), the tourism commodity ratio, and the total commodity output multiplier.

For each commodity, direct tourism output is calculated by multiplying the values for total commodity production found in table 1 by the tourism commodity ratios found in table 3. Then, utilizing total commodity output multipliers derived from the annual I-O accounts, each commodity's total tourism-related output is estimated by multiplying its direct tourism output by its total output multiplier.

Table 6. Employment and Employee Compensation by Industry

This table presents estimates of tourism employment, tourism compensation, and average compensation per tourism employee by industry. This table also presents total industry employment, total industry compensation, and tourism industry ratios.

Industry employment and compensation data are extracted from the annual I-O accounts and multiplied by each industry's tourism output ratio from table 4 to produce estimates for tourism employment and tourism compensation by industry. Average compensation per tourism employee by industry is calculated by dividing tourism compensation by tourism employment for each industry.

Table 7. Total Tourism-Related Employment by Industry

This table presents estimates of direct tourism employment, the total industry multiplier, and the total tourism-related employment.

Utilizing total industry employment multipliers supplied by BEA's Regional Economic Accounts, each industry's total tourism-related employment is estimated by multiplying its direct tourism employment by its total employment multiplier.

Table 8. Real Tourism Output by Commodity

This table presents estimates of direct tourism output in current dollars by commodity, chain-type price indexes for each commodity, and real output for each commodity.

Price data are extracted from the annual I-O accounts to calculate chain-type price indexes for 21 of the 24 tourism commodities. The remaining three tourism commodities--international passenger air transportation, gasoline, and nondurable Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) commodities other than gasoline--use price data from the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs). The chain-type indexes are used to deflate the estimates for current-dollar direct tourism output presented in table 5, creating estimates of real tourism output.

Data Availability

The detailed annual statistics on travel and tourism activity for 2011 are presented in eight tables at the end of this article. The complete set of detailed annual statistics for 1998-2011, statistics on output and employment for 2012, and quarterly statistics on output and employment for 1998-2012, are available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov under "Industry" and "Satellite Accounts"

Key Terms

The following key terms are used to describe the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

Domestic tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States. It comprises travel by resident households, business travel, and travel by government employees.

Inbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the United States and expenditures by nonresidents on international transportation purchased from U.S. providers. (1) These expenditures exclude expenditures for travel to study in the United States and for medical reasons.

Internal tourism. The sum of domestic tourism expenditures and inbound tourism expenditures (net of all international transportation expenditures).

National tourism. The sum of domestic tourism demand and outbound tourism demand (including all international transportation expenditures).

Outbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad and expenditures by U.S. residents on international transportation purchased from foreign providers.

Tourism commodities. Goods and services that are typically purchased by visitors, such as airline passenger transportation, hotel accommodations, and meals. (2)

Tourism employment. Total tourism-related employment consists of direct tourism employment plus indirect tourism employment. Direct tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of direct tourism output (for example, hotel staff and airline pilots), and indirect tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of indirect tourism output (for example, workers producing hotel toiletries and delivering fuel to airlines).

Tourism output. Total tourism-related output consists of direct tourism output and indirect tourism output. Direct tourism output comprises all domestically produced goods and services purchased by travelers (for example, traveler accommodations and passenger air transportation), and indirect tourism output comprises all output required to support the production of direct tourism output (for example, toiletries for hotel guests and fuel for airplanes).

Usual environment. The area of normal, everyday activities within 50-100 miles of home. (3)

Visitor. A person who travels outside of his or her usual environment for less than a year or who stays overnight in a hotel or motel. The visitor may travel for pleasure or business (private sector or government). Visitors exclude travelers who expect to be compensated at the location of their visit (such as migrant workers, persons traveling to new assignments, and diplomatic and military personnel traveling to and from their duty stations and their home countries).

(1.) In the travel and tourism satellite accounts, inbound and outbound visitors are not differentiated by type of visitor, because the data to prepare these estimates are not available.

(2.) The classification of tourism commodities in the travel and tourism satellite accounts is based on a list of primary activities of visitors that was developed from recommendations by the World Tourism Organization, by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and from various surveys of U.S. visitors.

(3.) The usual environment depends on the availability of source data.

Acknowledgments

David B.Wasshausen and Paul V. Kern of the Industry Sector Division supervised the preparation of the estimates. Steven L. Zemanek prepared the estimates.

Staff members of the Industry Sector Division, the Industry Applications Division, the National Income and Wealth Division, the Government Division, and the Regional Income Division contributed to the development of the estimates.

The Office of Travel and Tourism Industries of the International Trade Administration provided funding for the preparation of the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

(1.) All measures of travel and tourism activity not expressly identified as being in "real" terms are in current dollars.

(2.) See Sarah P. Scott, "U.S. International Transactions," Survey of Current Business 93 (April 2013): 28-37.

(3.) As a component of internal tourism, the calculation of inbound tourism is modified to exclude all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign or U.S. providers, so that expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States (domestic tourism) can be compared with expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the United States (inbound tourism).

(4.) The surveys used to estimate demand for commodities by type of visitor are the Consumer Expenditure Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Survey of International Air Travelers (SIAT) of the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration, and private surveys done by D.K. Shifflet and Associates.

Table 1. Production of Commodities by Industry, 2011-Continues
[Millions of dollars]

Commodity Industry

 Traveler Nonfarm
 accommodations residential
 tenant
 occupied
 permanent site

Traveler accommodations 143,963 16,335
Food services and drinking places 35,583 ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling 36,789 ...
All other recreation and ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other ... ...
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 843 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 7,682 342,457
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins 1,520 ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 226,381 358,793
Intermediate inputs 107,932 222,736
Value added 118,448 136,057
 Compensation of employees 63,894 15,656
 Taxes on production and 22,078 26,153
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 32,476 94,248

Commodity Industry

 Food Air
 services transportation
 and
 drinking
 places

Traveler accommodations 872 ...
Food services and drinking places 584,151 ...
Domestic passenger air ... 74,280
 transportation services
International passenger air ... 60,313
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... 4
 transportation services
Taxi service ... 1
Scenic and sightseeing ... 10
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling 815 ...
All other recreation and 2,565 ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... 10
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other ... 5,794
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... 6,012
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 2,263 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 167 24,271
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... 5,709
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... 48
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 590,833 176,452
Intermediate inputs 266,850 98,070
Value added 323,983 78,381
 Compensation of employees 200,832 46,444
 Taxes on production and 39,470 13,784
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 83,681 18,154

Commodity Industry

 Rail Water
 Transportation transportation

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places 103 ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 1,481 ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... 9,858
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... 17
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and ... 2
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation 762 595
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation 37,003 2,206
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 16,795 37,664
 margins
All other wholesale trade and 31,540 -664
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 87,685 49,679
Intermediate inputs 49,329 26,094
Value added 38,356 23,585
 Compensation of employees 22,128 12,992
 Taxes on production and -440 1,091
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 16,668 9,503

Commodity Industry

 Interurban bus Interurban
 transportation charter bus
 transportation

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation 1,490 16
Interurban charter bus 41 1,633
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 23 62
 transportation services
Taxi service ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... 80
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... 6
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling
All other recreation and ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 2 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 32 69
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 1,589 1,866
Intermediate inputs 155 96
Value added 1,434 1,770
 Compensation of employees 1,092 1,445
 Taxes on production and 168 95
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 173 229

Commodity Industry

 Urban Taxi
 transit service
 systems
 and other
 transportation

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation 8
Interurban charter bus 47 ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 23,834 63
 transportation services
Taxi service 20 13,225
Scenic and sightseeing 8
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services 133 2
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling
All other recreation and ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 1 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 4,707 14
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... 1
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 28,759 13,304
Intermediate inputs 8,277 3,383
Value added 20,482 9,922
 Compensation of employees 16,153 2,470
 Taxes on production and 304 614
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 4,026 6,838

Commodity Industry

 Scenic and Automotive
 sightseeing equipment
 transportation rental and
 leasing

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air 2 ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation 4 ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus 20 ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 14 25
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing 3,450 ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... 34,770
Other vehicle rental ... 669
Automotive repair services 1 ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling
All other recreation and 3 ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 6 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 5 13,382
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... 197
Travel by US residents abroad ...
Industry output 3,504 49,042
Intermediate inputs 2,071 19,428
Value added 1,433 29,614
 Compensation of employees 655 9,583
 Taxes on production and 425 5,885
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 353 14,146

Commodity Industry

 Automotive Parking Toll
 repair lots and highways
 services garages

Traveler accommodations ... ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental 59 ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ... ...
Automotive repair services 88,041 ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... 12,303 ...
Highway tolls ... ... 11,000
Travel arrangement and ... ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ... ...
Participant sports ... ... ...
Gambling
All other recreation and ... ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 135 ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation 9,762 23 251
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins 574 ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 98,571 12,326 11,251
Intermediate inputs 21,821 3,352 3,698
Value added 76,750 8,973 7,553
 Compensation of employees 46,981 4,850 5,033
 Taxes on production and 7,825 1,112
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 21,944 3,011 2,520

Commodity Industry

 Travel Motion
 arrangement pictures
 and and
 reservation performing
 services arts

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... 33
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and 41,742 ...
 reservation services ...
Motion pictures and ... 28,321
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling
All other recreation and ... 60
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... 276
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 202 40,083
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 41,944 68,773
Intermediate inputs 18,069 23,848
Value added 23,875 44,925
 Compensation of employees 14,489 16,709
 Taxes on production and 165 4,119
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 9,222 24,097

Commodity Industry

 Spectator Participant
 sports sports

Traveler accommodations ... 226
Food services and drinking places ... 6,133
Domestic passenger air 14 ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and 19,763 ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports 21,039 ...
Participant sports 14 39,455
Gambling 57
All other recreation and 4,798 249
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 11
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 493 893
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 13,700 2,490
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 59,822 49,515
Intermediate inputs 27,102 14,591
Value added 32,719 34,924
 Compensation of employees 21,234 25,004
 Taxes on production and 3,467 3,615
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 8,018 6,305

Commodity Industry

 Gambling All other
 recreation
 and
 entertainment

Traveler accommodations ... 87
Food services and drinking places 1,581 5,373
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and ... 337
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... 21,039
Participant sports 2,306
Gambling 32,335 2,045
All other recreation and 67 50,662
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 72 2,228
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 14 1,712
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... 107
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 34,069 64,856
Intermediate inputs 5,628 23,452
Value added 28,442 41,404
 Compensation of employees 23,323 20,352
 Taxes on production and 1,562 6,130
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 3,557 14,922

Commodity Industry

 Petroleum Industries
 refineries producing
 nondurable
 PCE
 commodities
 excluding
 petroleum
 refineries

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... 6
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and 959
 entertainment
Gasoline 356,095 ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 311,567 1,589,017
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... 164
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 78,412 895,815
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and 1,173 29,756
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... 303
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 747,247 2,516,020
Intermediate inputs 605,085 1,625,845
Value added 142,162 890,175
 Compensation of employees 15,499 381,282
 Taxes on production and 3,602 48,970
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 123,061 459,923

Commodity Industry

 Wholesale Gasoline
 trade and service
 transportation stations
 services

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... 8,544
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing 9 ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... 6
Automotive repair services 6,513 4,095
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and ... ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation 93,933 ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... 59,545
Nondurable PCE commodities other 9,088
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation 586,254 ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... 25,894
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 236,378 4,214
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and 695,383 ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... 1,801
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 1,627,560 104,098
Intermediate inputs 611,507 31,290
Value added 1,016,053 72,808
 Compensation of employees 532,336 23,891
 Taxes on production and 188,676 18,220
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 295,042 30,697

Commodity Industry

 Retail trade All other
 services, industries
 excluding
 gasoline
 service
 stations

Traveler accommodations ... 836
Food services and drinking places 21,474 36,688
Domestic passenger air ... 29
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... 3
Interurban charter bus ... 50
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... 206
 transportation services
Taxi service ... 1
Scenic and sightseeing ... 18
 transportation services
Automotive rental 740 454
Other vehicle rental 159 ...
Automotive repair services 83,938 137
Parking lots and garages ... 1,052
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and ... 544
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... 51
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and 442 8,644
 entertainment
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline 10,798 283
Nondurable PCE commodities other 20,854 78,787
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 639,541 27,004
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 30,534 18,791,232
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... 29,965
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins 442,182 4,261
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 1,250,662 18,980,244
Intermediate inputs 417,752 7,941,717
Value added 832,910 11,038,527
 Compensation of employees 475,504 6,303,415
 Taxes on production and 169,080 470,039
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 188,326 4,265,072

Commodity Industry

 Domestic
 production
 at
 producers'
 prices

Traveler accommodations 162,319
Food services and drinking places 699,677
Domestic passenger air 74,311
 transportation services
International passenger air 60,313
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 1,481
 services
Passenger water transportation 9,862
 services
Interurban bus transportation 1,517
Interurban charter bus 1,792
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 24,229
 transportation services
Taxi service 13,248
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,023
Other vehicle rental 834
Automotive repair services 182,872
Parking lots and garages 13,355
Highway tolls 11,000
Travel arrangement and 41,742
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 48,965
 performing arts
Spectator sports 21,039
Participant sports 41,811
Gambling 72,054
All other recreation and 68,448
 entertainment
Gasoline 356,095
Wholesale trade and transportation 95,301
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline 70,626
Nondurable PCE commodities other 2,015,118
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation 631,476
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 699,817
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 20,552,068
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and 792,863
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins 450,994
Travel by US residents abroad
Industry output 27,254,842
Intermediate inputs 12,179,175
Value added 15,075,667
 Compensation of employees 8,303,245
 Taxes on production and 1,036,208
 imports, less subsidies
 Gross operating surplus 5,736,214

Table 2. Supply and Consumption of Commodities, 2011

[Millions of dollars]

Commodity Supply

 Domestic Imports
 production at
 producers'
 prices

Traveler accommodations 162,319 ...
Food services and drinking places 699,677 ...
Domestic passenger air 74,311 ...
 transportation services
International passenger air 60,313 30,096
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 1,481 ...
 services
Passenger water transportation 9,862 ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation 1,517 ...
Interurban charter bus 1,792 ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 24,229 ...
 transportation services
Taxi service 13,248 ...
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592 ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,023 ...
Other vehicle rental 834 ...
Automotive repair services 182,872 ...
Parking lots and garages 13,355 ...
Highway tolls 11,000 ...
Travel arrangement and 41,742 ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing 48,965 320
 arts
Spectator sports 21,039 150
Participant sports 41,811 ...
Gambling 72,054 ...
All other recreation and 68,448 11
 entertainment
Gasoline 356,095 14,498
Wholesale trade and transportation 95,301 ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline 70,626 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 2,015,118 589,388
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation 631,476 ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable 699,817 ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 20,552,068 1,721,494
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and 792,863 ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins 450,994 ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... 81,082
Total 27,254,842 2,437,039

Commodity Supply

 Change in Wholesale
 private trade
 inventories margins and
 transportation
 costs

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and ... ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing ... ...
 arts
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and ... ...
 entertainment
Gasoline -81 95,301
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 550 631,476
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 36,160 792,863
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Total 36,629 1,519,639

Commodity Supply

 Retail Total supply
 trade at purchasers'
 margins prices

Traveler accommodations ... 162,319
Food services and drinking places ... 699,677
Domestic passenger air ... 74,311
 transportation services
International passenger air ... 90,409
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... 1,481
 services
Passenger water transportation ... 9,862
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... 1,517
Interurban charter bus ... 1,792
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... 24,229
 transportation services
Taxi service ... 13,248
Scenic and sightseeing ... 3,592
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... 36,023
Other vehicle rental ... 834
Automotive repair services ... 182,872
Parking lots and garages ... 13,355
Highway tolls ... 11,000
Travel arrangement and ... 41,742
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing ... 49,285
 arts
Spectator sports ... 21,189
Participant sports ... 41,811
Gambling ... 72,054
All other recreation and ... 68,460
 entertainment
Gasoline 70,626 536,602
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 699,817 3,935,248
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 450,994 23,481,258
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... 81,082
Total 1,221,437 29,655,253

Commodity Consumption

 Intermediate

 Private Government
 expenditures expenditures

Traveler accommodations 54,287 8,992
Food services and drinking places 120,549 26,964
Domestic passenger air 17,289 7,871
 transportation services
International passenger air 10,488 1,047
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 408 279
 services
Passenger water transportation 1,069
 services
Interurban bus transportation 108 411
Interurban charter bus
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 2,438 419
 transportation services
Taxi service 7,464 1,293
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services
Automotive rental 23,507 1,564
Other vehicle rental 487 2
Automotive repair services 31,617 2,374
Parking lots and garages 2,586 1,761
Highway tolls 1,476 513
Travel arrangement and 22,230 778
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing 9,134 7
 arts
Spectator sports 13,298 74
Participant sports 5,984 192
Gambling 18
All other recreation and 3,823 2,068
 entertainment
Gasoline 130,181 13,728
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 1,091,691 223,514
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 9,248,471 1,066,357
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad 20,361
Total 10,818,947 1,360,228

Commodity Consumption

 Personal Gross
 consumption private
 expenditures fixed
 investment

Traveler accommodations 99,040 ...
Food services and drinking places 551,533 ...
Domestic passenger air 49,151 ...
 transportation services
International passenger air 43,384 ...
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 794 ...
 services
Passenger water transportation 8,794 ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation 997 ...
Interurban charter bus 1,792 ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 21,372 ...
 transportation services
Taxi service 4,490 ...
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592 ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental 10,952 ...
Other vehicle rental 345 ...
Automotive repair services 148,870 ...
Parking lots and garages 9,007 ...
Highway tolls 9,011 ...
Travel arrangement and 16,993 ...
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing 39,848 ...
 arts
Spectator sports 7,679 ...
Participant sports 35,635 ...
Gambling 72,036 ...
All other recreation and 62,558 ...
 entertainment
Gasoline 390,640 ...
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 2,211,992 43,794
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 6,867,819 1,774,518
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad 60,721 ...
Total 10,729,045 1,818,312

Commodity Consumption

 Government Exports
 final of goods
 expenditures and
 services

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... 630
Domestic passenger air ... ...
 transportation services
International passenger air ... 35,490
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... ...
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other ... ...
 transportation services
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ...
Automotive repair services ... 11
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ...
Travel arrangement and ... 1,741
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing ... 296
 arts
Spectator sports ... 138
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and ... 10
 entertainment
Gasoline ... 2,052
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 3,038 361,220
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ... ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ... ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 3,056,714 1,467,380
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ... ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by US residents abroad ... ...
Total 3,059,752 1,868,969

Commodity Consumption

 Total
 consumption

Traveler accommodations 162,319
Food services and drinking places 699,677
Domestic passenger air 74,311
 transportation services
International passenger air 90,409
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 1,481
 services
Passenger water transportation 9,862
 services
Interurban bus transportation 1,517
Interurban charter bus 1,792
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 24,229
 transportation services
Taxi service 13,248
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,023
Other vehicle rental 834
Automotive repair services 182,872
Parking lots and garages 13,355
Highway tolls 11,000
Travel arrangement and 41,742
 reservation services
Motion pictures and performing 49,285
 arts
Spectator sports 21,189
Participant sports 41,811
Gambling 72,054
All other recreation and 68,460
 entertainment
Gasoline 536,602
Wholesale trade and transportation ...
 margins on gasoline
Retail trade margins on gasoline ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other 3,935,248
 than gasoline
Wholesale trade and transportation ...
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline
Retail trade margins on nondurable ...
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline
All other commodities, except all 23,481,258
 other trade and transportation
 margins
All other wholesale trade and ...
 transportation margins
All other retail trade margins ...
Travel by US residents abroad 81,082
Total 29,655,253

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor, 2011

[Millions of dollars]

Commodity Total Resident Business
 consumption households

Traveler accommodations 162,319 65,833 54,287
Food services and 699,677 54,044 40,150
 drinking places
Domestic passenger air 74,311 40,042 17,289
 transportation services
International passenger 90,409 43,384 10,488
 air transportation services
Passenger rail 1,481 647 408
 transportation services
Passenger water 9,862 9,293 ...
 transportation services
Interurban bus transportation 1,517 813 108
Interurban charter 1,792 1,460 ...
 bus transportation
Urban transit systems and other 24,229 2,703 312
 transportation services
Taxi service 13,248 1,216 2,095
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592 2,927 ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,023 7,413 23,501
Other vehicle rental 834 199 487
Automotive repair services 182,872 6,094 2,146
Parking lots and garages 13,355 1,360 397
Highway tolls 11,000 472 78
Travel arrangement and 41,742 16,216 21,213
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 49,285 9,424 3,696
 performing arts
Spectator sports 21,189 1,511 5,270
Participant sports 41,811 6,632 2,441
Gambling 72,054 27,529
All other recreation and 68,460 14,332 1,556
 entertainment
Gasoline 536,602 69,832 24,591
Nondurable PCE commodities 3,935,248 73,740 19,830
 other than gasoline
All other commodities 23,481,258
Total demand less travel by 29,574,171 457,114 230,341
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad 81,082 60,721 20,361
Total demand 29,655,253 517,834 250,702

Commodity Government Nonresidents Total
 tourism
 demand

Traveler accommodations 8,992 33,207 162,319
Food services and 7,500 25,573 127,267
 drinking places
Domestic passenger air 7,871 9,109 74,311
 transportation services
International passenger 1,047 35,490 90,409
 air transportation services
Passenger rail 279 147 1,481
 transportation services
Passenger water ... ... 9,293
 transportation services
Interurban bus transportation 411 185 1,517
Interurban charter ... 332 1,792
 bus transportation
Urban transit systems and other 54 266 3,335
 transportation services
Taxi service 363 156 3,831
Scenic and sightseeing ... 666 3,592
 transportation services
Automotive rental 1,563 542 33,020
Other vehicle rental 2 129 816
Automotive repair services 154 1,138 9,532
Parking lots and garages 270 144 2,172
Highway tolls 27 98 675
Travel arrangement and 743 1,741 39,912
 reservation services
Motion pictures and ... 1,309 14,428
 performing arts
Spectator sports ... 422 7,203
Participant sports ... 715 9,787
Gambling 9,210 36,738
All other recreation and ... 1,309 17,196
 entertainment
Gasoline 1,763 2,986 99,172
Nondurable PCE commodities 2,346 26,651 122,567
 other than gasoline
All other commodities
Total demand less travel by 33,386 151,525 872,366
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad ... ... 81,082
Total demand 33,386 151,525 953,448

Commodity Nontourism Tourism
 demand commodity
 ratio

Traveler accommodations ... 1.00
Food services and 572,410 0.18
 drinking places
Domestic passenger air ... 1.00
 transportation services
International passenger ... 1.00
 air transportation services
Passenger rail ... 1.00
 transportation services
Passenger water 570 0.94
 transportation services
Interurban bus transportation ... 1.00
Interurban charter ... 1.00
 bus transportation
Urban transit systems and other 20,894 0.14
 transportation services
Taxi service 9,417 0.29
Scenic and sightseeing ... 1.00
 transportation services
Automotive rental 3,003 0.92
Other vehicle rental 18 0.98
Automotive repair services 173,339 0.05
Parking lots and garages 11,183 0.16
Highway tolls 10,325 0.06
Travel arrangement and 1,830 0.96
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 34,857 0.29
 performing arts
Spectator sports 13,986 0.34
Participant sports 32,025 0.23
Gambling 35,316 0.51
All other recreation and 51,264 0.25
 entertainment
Gasoline 437,430 0.18
Nondurable PCE commodities 3,812,682 0.03
 other than gasoline
All other commodities 23,481,258 0.00
Total demand less travel by 28,701,805 ...
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad ... 1.00
Total demand 28,701,805 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3a. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor (Unadjusted
for Travel Arrangement Commissions), 2011

[Millions of dollars]

Commodity Total Resident
 consumption households

Traveler accommodations 163,280 66,223
Food services and drinking places 699,677 54,044
Domestic passenger air 75,327 40,590
 transportation services
International passenger air 91,801 44,052
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 2,078 907
 services
Passenger water transportation 9,955 9,385
 services
Interurban bus transportation 1,517 813
Interurban charter bus 1,793 1,461
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 24,229 2,703
 transportation
Taxi service 13,251 1,217
Scenic and sightseeing 3,626 2,954
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,119 7,434
Other vehicle rental 834 199
Automotive repair services 182,872 6,094
Parking lots and garages 13,355 1,360
Highway tolls 11,000 472
Travel arrangement and 37,631 13,724
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 49,451 9,532
 performing arts
Spectator sports 21,512 1,579
Participant sports 41,811 6,632
Gambling 72,054 27,529
All other recreation and 68,511 14,374
 entertainment
Gasoline 536,602 69,832
Nondurable PCE commodities 3,935,248 73,740
 other than gasoline
All other commodities 22,367,641 ...
Total demand less travel by 28,461,175 456,851
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad 81,433 60,984
Total demand 28,542,608 517,834

Commodity Business Government

Traveler accommodations 54,608 9,046
Food services and drinking places 40,150 7,500
Domestic passenger air 17,525 7,979
 transportation services
International passenger air 10,649 1,064
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 573 392
 services
Passenger water transportation ... ...
 services
Interurban bus transportation 108 411
Interurban charter bus ... ...
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 312 54
 transportation
Taxi service 2,097 363
Scenic and sightseeing ... ...
 transportation services
Automotive rental 23,570 1,568
Other vehicle rental 487 2
Automotive repair services 2,146 154
Parking lots and garages 397 270
Highway tolls 78 27
Travel arrangement and 19,887 448
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 3,738 ...
 performing arts
Spectator sports 5,506 ...
Participant sports 2,441 ...
Gambling
All other recreation and 1,561 ...
 entertainment
Gasoline 24,591 1,763
Nondurable PCE commodities 19,830 2,346
 other than gasoline
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by 230,253 33,386
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad 20,449
Total demand 250,702 33,386

Commodity Nonresidents Total
 tourism
 demand

Traveler accommodations 33,403 163,280
Food services and drinking places 25,573 127,267
Domestic passenger air 9,233 75,327
 transportation services
International passenger air 36,037 91,801
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation 206 2,078
 services
Passenger water transportation ... 9,385
 services
Interurban bus transportation 185 1,517
Interurban charter bus 332 1,793
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 266 3,335
 transportation
Taxi service 156 3,834
Scenic and sightseeing 672 3,626
 transportation services
Automotive rental 544 33,116
Other vehicle rental 129 816
Automotive repair services 1,138 9,532
Parking lots and garages 144 2,172
Highway tolls 98 675
Travel arrangement and 1,741 35,801
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 1,324 14,594
 performing arts
Spectator sports 441 7,526
Participant sports 715 9,787
Gambling 9,210 36,738
All other recreation and 1,312 17,247
 entertainment
Gasoline 2,986 99,172
Nondurable PCE commodities 26,651 122,567
 other than gasoline
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by 152,498 872,988
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad ... 81,433
Total demand 152,498 954,421

Commodity Nontourism Tourism
 demand commodity
 ratio

Traveler accommodations ... 1.00
Food services and drinking places 572,410 0.18
Domestic passenger air ... 1.00
 transportation services
International passenger air ... 1.00
 transportation services
Passenger rail transportation ... 1.00
 services
Passenger water transportation 570 0.94
 services
Interurban bus transportation ... 1.00
Interurban charter bus ... 1.00
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 20,894 0.14
 transportation
Taxi service 9,417 0.29
Scenic and sightseeing ... 1.00
 transportation services
Automotive rental 3,003 0.92
Other vehicle rental 18 0.98
Automotive repair services 173,339 0.05
Parking lots and garages 11,183 0.16
Highway tolls 10,325 0.06
Travel arrangement and 1,830 0.95
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 34,857 0.30
 performing arts
Spectator sports 13,986 0.35
Participant sports 32,025 0.23
Gambling 35,316 0.51
All other recreation and 51,264 0.25
 entertainment
Gasoline 437,430 0.18
Nondurable PCE commodities 3,812,682 0.03
 other than gasoline
All other commodities 22,367,641 0.00
Total demand less travel by 27,588,188 ...
 US residents abroad
Travel by US residents abroad 1.00
Total demand 27,588,188 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 4. Output and Value Added by Industry, 2011
[Millions of dollars]

Industry Industry Intermediate Value
 output consumption added

Traveler accommodations 226,381 107,932 118,448
Nonfarm residential tenant 358,793 222,736 136,057
 occupied permanent site
 real estate
Food services and 590,833 266,850 323,983
 drinking places
Air transportation services 176,452 98,070 78,381
Rail transportation 87,685 49,329 38,356
 services
Water transportation 49,679 26,094 23,585
 services
Interurban bus 1,589 155 1,434
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 1,866 96 1,770
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 28,759 8,277 20,482
 other transportation
Taxi service 13,304 3,383 9,922
Scenic and sightseeing 3,504 2,071 1,433
 transportation
Automotive equipment rental 49,042 19,428 29,614
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 98,571 21,821 76,750
Parking 12,326 3,352 8,973
Toll highways 11,251 3,698 7,553
Travel arrangement and 41,944 18,069 23,875
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 68,773 23,848 44,925
 performing arts
Spectator sports 59,822 27,102 32,719
Participant sports 49,515 14,591 34,924
Gambling 34,069 5,628 28,442
All other recreation and 64,856 23,452 41,404
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 747,247 605,085 142,162
Industries producing 2,516,020 1,625,845 890,175
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 1,627,560 611,507 1,016,053
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 104,098 31,290 72,808
Retail trade services, 1,250,662 417,752 832,910
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 18,980,244 7,941,717 11,038,527
Total 27,254,842 12,179,175 15,075,667

Industry Tourism Tourism
 industry output
 ratio

Traveler accommodations 0.75 169,219
Nonfarm residential tenant 0.05 16,335
 occupied permanent site
 real estate
Food services and 0.18 108,256
 drinking places
Air transportation services 0.76 134,974
Rail transportation 0.03 2,793
 services
Water transportation 0.19 9,486
 services
Interurban bus 0.97 1,535
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 0.93 1,738
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 0.12 3,357
 other transportation
Taxi service 0.29 3,833
Scenic and sightseeing 0.99 3,479
 transportation
Automotive equipment rental 0.66 32,530
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 0.05 4,648
Parking 0.16 2,001
Toll highways 0.06 675
Travel arrangement and 0.95 39,912
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 0.12 8,320
 performing arts
Spectator sports 0.24 14,168
Participant sports 0.22 10,696
Gambling 0.49 16,793
All other recreation and 0.24 15,540
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 0.10 75,516
Industries producing 0.02 49,737
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 0.02 36,251
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 0.13 13,584
Retail trade services, 0.03 31,791
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 0.00 13,921
Total ... 821,088

Industry Tourism Tourism
 intermediate value
 consumption added

Traveler accommodations 80,679 88,540
Nonfarm residential tenant 10,141 6,194
 occupied permanent site
 real estate
Food services and 48,894 59,362
 drinking places
Air transportation services 75,017 59,956
Rail transportation 1,571 1,222
 services
Water transportation 4,982 4,503
 services
Interurban bus 149 1,386
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 90 1,648
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 966 2,391
 other transportation
Taxi service 975 2,858
Scenic and sightseeing 2,056 1,423
 transportation
Automotive equipment rental 12,887 19,643
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 1,029 3,619
Parking 544 1,457
Toll highways 222 453
Travel arrangement and 17,194 22,718
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 2,885 5,435
 performing arts
Spectator sports 6,419 7,749
Participant sports 3,152 7,544
Gambling 2,774 14,019
All other recreation and 5,619 9,921
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 61,149 14,367
Industries producing 32,140 17,597
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 13,620 22,631
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 4,083 9,501
Retail trade services, 10,619 21,172
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 5,825 8,096
Total 405,681 415,407

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 5. Output by Commodity, 2011
[Millions of dollars]

Commodity Domestic Tourism Direct
 production at commodity tourism
 purchasers' ratio output
 prices

Traveler accommodations 162,319 1.00 162,319
Food services and 699,677 0.18 127,267
 drinking places
Domestic passenger air 74,311 1.00 74,311
 transportation services
International passenger air 60,313 1.00 60,313
 transportation services
Passenger rail 1,481 1.00 1,481
 transportation services
Passenger water 9,862 0.94 9,293
 transportation services
Interurban bus 1,517 1.00 1,517
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 1,792 1.00 1,792
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 24,229 0.14 3,335
 other transportation
 services
Taxi service 13,248 0.29 3,831
Scenic and sightseeing 3,592 1.00 3,592
 transportation services
Automotive rental 36,023 0.92 33,020
Other vehicle rental 834 0.98 816
Automotive repair services 182,872 0.05 9,532
Parking lots and garages 13,355 0.16 2,172
Highway tolls 11,000 0.06 675
Travel arrangement and 41,742 0.96 39,912
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 48,965 0.29 14,334
 performing arts
Spectator sports 21,039 0.34 7,152
Participant sports 41,811 0.23 9,787
Gambling 72,054 0.51 36,738
All other recreation and 68,448 0.25 17,193
 entertainment
Gasoline 522,022 0.18 96,478
Nondurable PCE commodities 3,346,410 0.03 104,227
 other than gasoline
Total 5,458,918 0.15 821,088

Commodity Total Total
 commodity tourism-
 output related
 multiplier output

Traveler accommodations 1.58 256,209
Food services and 1.74 221,409
 drinking places
Domestic passenger air 1.66 123,036
 transportation services
International passenger air 1.66 99,860
 transportation services
Passenger rail 1.78 2,633
 transportation services
Passenger water 1.94 18,037
 transportation services
Interurban bus 1.56 2,364
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 1.56 2,793
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 1.56 5,199
 other transportation
 services
Taxi service 1.56 5,971
Scenic and sightseeing 1.54 5,519
 transportation services
Automotive rental 1.42 46,898
Other vehicle rental 1.42 1,160
Automotive repair services 1.61 15,309
Parking lots and garages 1.61 3,488
Highway tolls 1.83 1,234
Travel arrangement and 1.52 60,826
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 1.63 23,330
 performing arts
Spectator sports 1.64 11,741
Participant sports 1.61 15,779
Gambling 1.61 59,233
All other recreation and 1.63 28,061
 entertainment
Gasoline 1.65 159,386
Nondurable PCE commodities 2.04 212,736
 other than gasoline
Total 1.68 1,382,209

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 6. Employment and Compensation of Employees by Industry, 2011

Industry Total employment Compensation
 (thousands of (millions
 employees) of dollars)

Traveler accommodations 1,786 63,894
Nonfarm residential tenant 190 15,656
 occupied permanent site
Food services and drinking places 9,722 200,832
Air transportation services 600 46,444
Rail transportation services 229 22,128
Water transportation services 172 12,992
Interurban bus transportation 20 1,092
Interurban charter bus 22 1,445
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 395 16,153
 transportation
Taxi service 158 2,470
Scenic and sightseeing 15 655
 transportation services
Automotive equipment rental 150 9,583
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 716 46,981
Parking lots and garages 94 4,850
Toll highways 56 5,033
Travel arrangement and 182 14,489
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 181 16,709
 performing arts
Spectator sports 270 21,234
Participant sports 872 25,004
Gambling 335 23,323
All other recreation and 466 20,352
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 75 15,499
Industries producing nondurable 5,788 381,282
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 7,198 532,336
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 634 23,891
Retail trade services, excluding 14,285 475,504
 gasoline service stations
All other industries 93,389 6,303,415
Total 137,999 8,303,245

Industry Tourism Tourism
 industry employment
 ratio (thousands
 of employees)

Traveler accommodations 0.75 1,335
Nonfarm residential tenant 0.05 9
 occupied permanent site
Food services and drinking places 0.18 1,781
Air transportation services 0.76 459
Rail transportation services 0.03 7
Water transportation services 0.19 33
Interurban bus transportation 0.97 19
Interurban charter bus 0.93 21
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 0.12 46
 transportation
Taxi service 0.29 45
Scenic and sightseeing 0.99 15
 transportation services
Automotive equipment rental 0.66 100
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 0.05 34
Parking lots and garages 0.16 15
Toll highways 0.06 3
Travel arrangement and 0.95 174
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 0.12 22
 performing arts
Spectator sports 0.24 64
Participant sports 0.22 188
Gambling 0.49 165
All other recreation and 0.24 112
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 0.10 8
Industries producing nondurable 0.02 114
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 0.02 160
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 0.13 83
Retail trade services, excluding 0.03 363
 gasoline service stations
All other industries 0.00 68
Total ... 5,443

Industry Tourism Average
 compensation compensation
 (millions per tourism
 of dollars) employee

Traveler accommodations 47,761 35,777
Nonfarm residential tenant 713 82,524
 occupied permanent site
Food services and drinking places 36,798 20,657
Air transportation services 35,527 77,397
Rail transportation services 705 96,601
Water transportation services 2,481 75,723
Interurban bus transportation 1,055 54,952
Interurban charter bus 1,345 65,627
 transportation
Urban transit systems and other 1,885 40,863
 transportation
Taxi service 712 15,680
Scenic and sightseeing 650 43,047
 transportation services
Automotive equipment rental 6,356 63,790
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 2,215 65,599
Parking lots and garages 787 51,870
Toll highways 302 89,342
Travel arrangement and 13,787 79,447
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 2,022 92,560
 performing arts
Spectator sports 5,029 78,772
Participant sports 5,401 28,658
Gambling 11,497 69,686
All other recreation and 4,876 43,639
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 1,566 207,783
Industries producing nondurable 7,537 65,873
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 11,857 73,958
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 3,118 37,667
Retail trade services, excluding 12,087 33,288
 gasoline service stations
All other industries 4,623 67,496
Total 222,692 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 7. Employment by Industry, 2011
[Thousands of employees]

Industry Direct Total Total
 tourism industry tourism-
 employment employment related
 multiplier employment

Traveler accommodations 1,335 1.31 1,752
Nonfarm residential tenant 9 2.02 17
 occupied permanent site
Food services and 1,781 1.18 2,105
 drinking places
Air transportation services 459 1.70 779
Rail transportation 7 2.40 18
 services
Water transportation 33 3.32 109
 services
Interurban bus 19 1.45 28
 transportation
Interurban charter bus 21 1.45 30
 transportation
Urban transit systems and 46 1.51 70
 other transportation
Taxi service 45 1.45 66
Scenic and sightseeing 15 1.75 26
 transportation services
Automotive equipment rental 100 1.92 191
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 34 1.47 50
Parking lots and garages 15 1.96 30
Toll highways 3 1.92 6
Travel arrangement and 174 1.41 244
 reservation services
Motion pictures and 22 1.94 42
 performing arts
Spectator sports 64 1.93 123
Participant sports 188 1.19 225
Gambling 165 1.59 262
All other recreation and 112 1.41 158
 entertainment
Petroleum refineries 8 4.20 32
Industries producing 114 2.86 327
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries
Wholesale trade and 160 1.67 268
 transportation services
Gasoline service stations 83 1.23 102
Retail trade services, 363 1.23 445
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 68 1.91 130
Total 5,443 ... 7,635

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 8. Real Tourism Output, 2011

Commodity Direct output Chain-type Real output
 (Millions price (Millions of
 of dollars) index chained (2005)
 dollars)

Traveler 162,319 107.8 150,549
 accommodations
Food services and 127,267 120.3 105,812
 drinking places
Domestic passenger 74,311 129.0 57,618
 air transportation
 services
International 60,313 125.0 48,272
 passenger air
 transportation
 services
Passenger rail 1,481 124.2 1,192
 transportation
 services
Passenger water 9,293 88.6 10,489
 transportation
 services
Interurban bus 1,517 132.0 1,149
 transportation
Interurban charter 1,792 125.5 1,428
 bus transportation
Urban transit 3,335 124.9 2,671
 systems and other
 transportation
 services
Taxi service 3,831 124.9 3,067
Scenic and 3,592 111.6 3,220
 sightseeing
 transportation
 services
Automotive rental 33,020 125.7 26,276
Other vehicle rental 816 119.5 683
Automotive repair 9,532 122.3 7,793
 services
Parking lots and 2,172 129.1 1,683
 garages
Highway tolls 675 141.3 478
Travel arrangement 39,912 108.6 36,743
 and reservation
 services
Motion pictures and 14,334 114.6 12,511
 performing arts
Spectator sports 7,152 120.1 5,957
Participant sports 9,787 106.6 9,182
Gambling 36,738 115.3 31,865
All other recreation 17,193 114.6 14,997
 and entertainment
Gasoline 96,478 156.5 61,645
Nondurable PCE 104,227 114.3 91,182
 commodities other
 than gasoline
Total 821,088 120.0 684,464

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table A. Annual Growth in Real Output by Tourism Commodity in
2007-2012

[Percentage change from preceding period]

Commodity 2007 2008 2009

All tourism goods and services 1.8 -5.4 -9.7
Traveler accommodations 3.9 0.9 -6.5
Food and beverage services 0.5 -7.3 -13.3
Transportation 2.3 -5.8 -6.2
Passenger air transportation 2.1 -3.5 -6.5
Domestic passenger air 0.3 -5.6 -8.5
 transportation services
International passenger air 5.0 -0.2 -3.3
 transportation services
All other transportation- 2.4 -7.3 -5.8
 related commodities
Passenger rail transportation 10.0 -1.5 -1.7
 services
Passenger water transportation 4.8 1.6 0.4
 services
Intercity bus services -0.3 1.4 -19.3
Intercity charter bus services -10.5 5.5 -20.5
Local bus and other 0.4 -9.8 -17.1
 transportation services
Taxicab services -1.3 -9.5 -12.4
Scenic and sightseeing 7.4 0.3 -12.4
 transportation services
Automotive rental and leasing 2.9 -5.6 -15.4
Other vehicle rental 2.7 -4.0 -10.0
 and leasing
Automotive repair services -6.0 -17.5 16.2
Parking 0.6 -10.9 -8.3
Highway tolls -4.8 -9.1 4.0
Travel arrangement and 8.7 1.8 -12.6
 reservation services
Gasoline 0.7 -12.3 2.6
Recreation, entertainment, 0.5 -8.0 -15.0
 and shopping
Recreation and entertainment 1.3 -7.8 -11.2
Motion pictures and 0.4 -10.1 -7.8
 performing arts
Spectator sports 2.0 -12.7 -18.4
Participant sports 2.0 -11.1 -16.2
Gambling 1.6 -5.1 -9.3
All other recreation 0.4 -7.2 -11.9
 and entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities -0.1 -8.1 -17.9
 other than gasoline
PCE Personal consumption
 expenditures

Commodity 2010 2011 2012

All tourism goods and services 1.6 6.2 2.8
Traveler accommodations 6.1 6.6 5.4
Food and beverage services 4.5 4.8 3.4
Transportation 0.5 7.1 2.0
Passenger air transportation 1.5 2.9 -2.2
Domestic passenger air -4.3 2.8 -5.0
 transportation services
International passenger air 9.9 2.9 1.2
 transportation services
All other transportation- -0.2 9.9 4.8
 related commodities
Passenger rail transportation -4.8 -2.4 2.9
 services
Passenger water transportation 6.9 8.0 15.5
 services
Intercity bus services -17.7 0.5 10.1
Intercity charter bus services 1.6 -3.5 3.1
Local bus and other -8.0 2.0 1.4
 transportation services
Taxicab services -5.6 -5.1 3.1
Scenic and sightseeing 9.0 6.3 2.8
 transportation services
Automotive rental and leasing 1.7 10.5 8.6
Other vehicle rental 0.4 1.8 5.0
 and leasing
Automotive repair services -16.2 -9.5 -0.3
Parking 3.5 2.4 1.7
Highway tolls -0.4 -7.9 7.5
Travel arrangement and 8.0 5.7 2.9
 reservation services
Gasoline -2.6 17.5 4.0
Recreation, entertainment, -2.1 5.5 1.8
 and shopping
Recreation and entertainment -1.5 3.1 1.2
Motion pictures and -1.1 5.4 -4.6
 performing arts
Spectator sports 0.7 5.0 -0.9
Participant sports -4.1 5.6 6.0
Gambling -1.6 0.2 -0.4
All other recreation -1.2 5.4 7.4
 and entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities -2.5 7.6 2.2
 other than gasoline
PCE Personal consumption
 expenditures

Table B. Contributions to Growth in Real Tourism Output
by Tourism Commodity in 2007-2012

[Percentage points]

Commodity 2007 2008 2009

All tourism goods and services 1.79 -5.37 -9.73
Traveler accommodations 0.72 0.17 -1.29
Food and beverage services 0.08 -1.17 -2.18
Transportation 0.86 -2.25 -2.26
Passenger air transportation 0.32 -0.55 -1.03
Domestic passenger air 0.03 -0.53 -0.82
 transportation services
International passenger air 0.29 -0.02 -0.21
 transportation services
All other transportation- 0.54 -1.70 -1.23
 related commodities
Passenger rail 0.02 0.00 0.00
 transportation services
Passenger water 0.05 0.02 0.00
 transportation services
Intercity bus services 0.00 0.00 -0.05
Intercity charter bus services -0.03 0.01 -0.05
Local bus and other 0.00 -0.05 -0.08
 transportation services
Taxicab services -0.01 -0.05 -0.07
Scenic and sightseeing 0.03 0.00 -0.06
 transportation services
Automotive rental and leasing 0.11 -0.23 -0.68
Other vehicle rental 0.00 0.00 -0.01
 and leasing
Automotive repair services -0.09 -0.25 0.21
Parking 0.00 -0.03 -0.02
Highway tolls 0.00 -0.01 0.00
Travel arrangement and 0.39 0.09 -0.64
 reservation services
Gasoline 0.06 -1.20 0.22
Recreation, entertainment, 0.13 -2.12 -4.00
 and shopping
Recreation and entertainment 0.15 -0.92 -1.33
Motion pictures and 0.01 -0.19 -0.15
 performing arts
Spectator sports 0.02 -0.14 -0.19
Participant sports 0.03 -0.17 -0.24
Gambling 0.08 -0.25 -0.47
All other recreation and 0.01 -0.17 -0.28
 entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities -0.02 -1.20 -2.67
 other than gasoline

Commodity 2010 2011 2012

All tourism goods and services 1.57 6.24 2.83
Traveler accommodations 1.17 1.32 1.06
Food and beverage services 0.68 0.77 0.52
Transportation 0.22 2.85 0.84
Passenger air transportation 0.25 0.47 -0.36
Domestic passenger air -0.40 0.26 -0.46
 transportation services
International passenger air 0.65 0.21 0.10
 transportation services
All other transportation- -0.04 2.38 1.20
 related commodities
Passenger rail -0.01 0.00 0.01
 transportation services
Passenger water 0.08 0.09 0.17
 transportation services
Intercity bus services -0.04 0.00 0.02
Intercity charter bus services 0.00 -0.01 0.01
Local bus and other -0.04 0.01 0.01
 transportation services
Taxicab services -0.03 -0.03 0.01
Scenic and sightseeing 0.04 0.03 0.01
 transportation services
Automotive rental and leasing 0.07 0.42 0.34
Other vehicle rental 0.00 0.00 0.00
 and leasing
Automotive repair services -0.27 -0.13 0.00
Parking 0.01 0.01 0.00
Highway tolls 0.00 -0.01 0.01
Travel arrangement and 0.37 0.28 0.14
 reservation services
Gasoline -0.22 1.71 0.48
Recreation, entertainment, -0.50 1.31 0.40
 and shopping
Recreation and entertainment -0.17 0.34 0.12
Motion pictures and -0.02 0.10 -0.08
 performing arts
Spectator sports 0.01 0.05 -0.01
Participant sports -0.05 0.07 0.07
Gambling -0.08 0.01 -0.02
All other recreation and -0.03 0.12 0.15
 entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities -0.33 0.97 0.28
 other than gasoline

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table C. Real Output by Tourism Commodity in 2007-2012
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

Commodity 2007 2008 2009

All tourism goods 742,520 702,673 634,307
 and services
Traveler accommodations 141,085 142,396 133,176
Food and beverage services 120,243 111,481 96,677
Transportation 276,251 260,131 244,114
Passenger air 112,097 108,175 101,173
 transportation
Domestic passenger air 67,878 64,044 58,577
 transportation services
International passenger 44,228 44,124 42,681
 air transportation
 services
All other transportation- 164,083 152,035 143,223
 related commodities
Passenger rail 1,325 1,305 1,282
 transportation services
Passenger water 8,909 9,049 9,090
 transportation services
Intercity bus services 1,697 1,722 1,389
Intercity charter bus 1,735 1,831 1,456
 services
Local bus and other 3,807 3,434 2,847
 transportation services
Taxicab services 4,320 3,908 3,425
Scenic and sightseeing 3,163 3,173 2,779
 transportation services
Automotive rental 29,255 27,623 23,370
 and leasing
Other vehicle rental 774 743 668
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 10,724 8,846 10,281
Parking 1,943 1,732 1,589
Highway tolls 551 501 521
Travel arrangement and 36,170 36,834 32,202
 reservation services
Gasoline 59,851 52,505 53,874
Recreation, entertainment, 205,040 188,709 160,429
 and shopping
Recreation and 89,708 82,735 73,447
 entertainment
Motion pictures and 14,472 13,015 12,000
 performing arts
Spectator sports 7,906 6,903 5,632
Participant sports 12,171 10,818 9,068
Gambling 37,531 35,620 32,320
All other recreation and 17,624 16,361 14,409
 entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities 115,318 105,959 86,944
 other than gasoline

Commodity 2010 2011 2012

All tourism goods 644,251 684,464 703,825
 and services
Traveler accommodations 141,279 150,549 158,652
Food and beverage services 100,980 105,812 109,365
Transportation 245,424 262,737 268,038
Passenger air 102,687 105,620 103,264
 transportation
Domestic passenger air 56,041 57,618 54,731
 transportation services
International passenger 46,926 48,272 48,858
 air transportation
 services
All other transportation- 142,994 157,217 164,765
 related commodities
Passenger rail 1,221 1,192 1,227
 transportation services
Passenger water 9,714 10,489 12,119
 transportation services
Intercity bus services 1,143 1,149 1,265
Intercity charter bus 1,479 1,428 1,473
 services
Local bus and other 2,620 2,671 2,709
 transportation services
Taxicab services 3,232 3,067 3,162
Scenic and sightseeing 3,028 3,220 3,311
 transportation services
Automotive rental 23,773 26,276 28,524
 and leasing
Other vehicle rental 671 683 717
 and leasing
Automotive repair services 8,613 7,793 7,769
Parking 1,644 1,683 1,711
Highway tolls 519 478 513
Travel arrangement and 34,771 36,743 37,818
 reservation services
Gasoline 52,451 61,645 64,139
Recreation, entertainment, 157,087 165,770 168,685
 and shopping
Recreation and 72,315 74,558 75,438
 entertainment
Motion pictures and 11,868 12,511 11,939
 performing arts
Spectator sports 5,671 5,957 5,904
Participant sports 8,699 9,182 9,734
Gambling 31,799 31,865 31,751
All other recreation and 14,231 14,997 16,109
 entertainment
Nondurable PCE commodities 84,733 91,182 93,209
 other than gasoline

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table D. Annual Growth in Prices for Tourism Commodities in 2007-2012

[Percentage change from preceding period]

Commodity 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 3.7 5.7
 Traveler accommodations 4.4 1.9
 Food and beverage services 3.7 4.5
 Transportation 4.2 9.5
 Passenger air transportation 2.8 10.2
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 1.3 10.2
 International passenger air transportation 5.3 10.2
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 5.2 9.0
 Passenger rail transportation services 4.7 3.8
 Passenger water transportation services -0.6 -1.6
 Intercity bus services 0.8 6.4
 Intercity charter bus services 3.1 2.4
 Local bus and other transportation services 2.3 3.1
 Taxicab services 2.0 4.0
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 3.0 2.5
 Automotive rental and leasing 2.5 8.6
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 6.4 6.8
 Automotive repair services 3.4 4.9
 Parking 3.3 6.5
 Highway tolls 5.8 13.6
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 2.2 0.0
 Gasoline 9.7 17.1
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 2.6 3.6
 Recreation and entertainment 3.2 3.3
 Motion pictures and performing arts 3.5 2.6
 Spectator sports 5.0 5.3
 Participant sports 1.8 1.1
 Gambling 3.0 3.8
 All other recreation and entertainment 3.6 3.6
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 2.1 3.8

Commodity 2009 2010

All tourism goods and services -3.5 3.4
 Traveler accommodations -3.2 -0.6
 Food and beverage services 3.8 1.2
 Transportation -9.5 7.9
 Passenger air transportation -9.7 9.0
 Domestic passenger air transportation services -7.0 7.3
 International passenger air transportation -13.7 11.1
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities -9.5 7.2
 Passenger rail transportation services 1.4 0.8
 Passenger water transportation services -9.3 1.1
 Intercity bus services 3.8 4.6
 Intercity charter bus services 3.8 4.9
 Local bus and other transportation services 4.5 4.1
 Taxicab services 4.7 4.0
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 1.6 0.3
 Automotive rental and leasing 9.1 -0.7
 Other vehicle rental and leasing -2.7 2.5
 Automotive repair services 4.1 1.9
 Parking 7.8 3.3
 Highway tolls -7.5 5.8
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.8 0.9
 Gasoline -27.8 18.8
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1.3 1.2
 Recreation and entertainment 0.6 1.4
 Motion pictures and performing arts 1.5 1.4
 Spectator sports 2.6 2.1
 Participant sports -0.6 0.8
 Gambling -0.4 1.7
 All other recreation and entertainment 1.7 1.1
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 2.0 1.0

Commodity 2011 2012

All tourism goods and services 5.0 2.5
 Traveler accommodations 1.6 1.8
 Food and beverage services 2.4 2.9
 Transportation 9.2 2.9
 Passenger air transportation 7.2 4.6
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 7.8 4.6
 International passenger air transportation 6.5 4.6
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 10.6 1.7
 Passenger rail transportation services 4.4 3.9
 Passenger water transportation services -0.9 -2.7
 Intercity bus services 5.8 3.7
 Intercity charter bus services 5.4 3.7
 Local bus and other transportation services 4.7 3.2
 Taxicab services 4.6 3.2
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.1 2.2
 Automotive rental and leasing -2.0 -2.4
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 4.4 0.4
 Automotive repair services 2.1 1.7
 Parking 2.3 8.7
 Highway tolls 8.6 1.7
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.9 0.5
 Gasoline 26.1 3.8
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 2.5 2.1
 Recreation and entertainment 1.8 1.9
 Motion pictures and performing arts 1.3 2.0
 Spectator sports 0.0 3.2
 Participant sports 1.3 1.3
 Gambling 3.1 2.1
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.5 1.1
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 3.0 2.3

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table E. Contributions to Annual Growth in the Chain-Type Price
Indexes for Tourism Commodities in 2007-2012

[Percentage points]

Commodity 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 3.71 5.66
 Traveler accommodations 0.81 0.38
 Food and beverage services 0.59 0.72
 Transportation 1.61 3.61
 Passenger air transportation 0.44 1.58
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 0.12 0.94
 International passenger air transportation 0.32 0.64
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 1.17 2.02
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.01 0.01
 Passenger water transportation services -0.01 -0.02
 Intercity bus services 0.00 0.02
 Intercity charter bus services 0.01 0.01
 Local bus and other transportation services 0.01 0.02
 Taxicab services 0.01 0.02
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.01 0.01
 Automotive rental and leasing 0.10 0.34
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.01 0.01
 Automotive repair services 0.05 0.07
 Parking 0.01 0.02
 Highway tolls 0.00 0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.10 0.00
 Gasoline 0.85 1.52
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.70 0.95
 Recreation and entertainment 0.38 0.39
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.07 0.05
 Spectator sports 0.05 0.05
 Participant sports 0.03 0.02
 Gambling 0.15 0.19
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.09 0.08
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 0.31 0.56

Commodity 2009 2010

All tourism goods and services -3.50 3.44
 Traveler accommodations -0.59 -0.12
 Food and beverage services 0.54 0.20
 Transportation -3.75 3.06
 Passenger air transportation -1.52 1.42
 Domestic passenger air transportation services -0.63 0.67
 International passenger air transportation -0.89 0.75
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities -2.23 1.64
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.00 0.00
 Passenger water transportation services -0.10 0.01
 Intercity bus services 0.01 0.01
 Intercity charter bus services 0.01 0.01
 Local bus and other transportation services 0.02 0.02
 Taxicab services 0.02 0.02
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.01 0.00
 Automotive rental and leasing 0.34 -0.03
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.00 0.00
 Automotive repair services 0.05 0.03
 Parking 0.02 0.01
 Highway tolls -0.01 0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.03 0.05
 Gasoline -2.64 1.50
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.31 0.30
 Recreation and entertainment 0.06 0.17
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.03 0.03
 Spectator sports 0.02 0.02
 Participant sports -0.01 0.01
 Gambling -0.02 0.08
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.03 0.03
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 0.25 0.13

Commodity 2011 2012

All tourism goods and services 4.96 2.50
 Traveler accommodations 0.33 0.37
 Food and beverage services 0.38 0.45
 Transportation 3.66 1.19
 Passenger air transportation 1.18 0.73
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 0.70 0.41
 International passenger air transportation 0.48 0.32
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 2.49 0.46
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.01 0.01
 Passenger water transportation services -0.01 -0.03
 Intercity bus services 0.01 0.01
 Intercity charter bus services 0.01 0.01
 Local bus and other transportation services 0.02 0.01
 Taxicab services 0.02 0.01
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.00 0.01
 Automotive rental and leasing -0.09 -0.10
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.00 0.00
 Automotive repair services 0.03 0.02
 Parking 0.01 0.02
 Highway tolls 0.01 0.00
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.05 0.02
 Gasoline 2.42 0.46
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.58 0.49
 Recreation and entertainment 0.20 0.20
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.02 0.04
 Spectator sports 0.00 0.03
 Participant sports 0.02 0.02
 Gambling 0.15 0.09
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.01 0.02
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 0.39 0.29

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table F. Chain-Type Price Indexes for Tourism Commodities in 2007-2012

[Index numbers, 2005=100]

Commodity 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 108.4 114.5
 Traveler accommodations 108.1 110.2
 Food and beverage services 107.0 111.8
 Transportation 111.6 122.1
 Passenger air transportation 109.7 120.8
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 108.7 119.8
 International passenger air transportation 111.1 122.4
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 112.9 123.0
 Passenger rail transportation services 112.3 116.5
 Passenger water transportation services 99.1 97.4
 Intercity bus services 108.1 115.0
 Intercity charter bus services 106.8 109.4
 Local bus and other transportation services 106.3 109.6
 Taxicab services 105.5 109.7
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 106.8 109.4
 Automotive rental and leasing 109.0 118.4
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 107.3 114.7
 Automotive repair services 107.7 113.0
 Parking 106.3 113.3
 Highway tolls 117.1 133.1
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 105.8 105.8
 Gasoline 123.6 144.8
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 105.0 108.7
 Recreation and entertainment 106.5 110.0
 Motion pictures and performing arts 107.1 109.9
 Spectator sports 108.9 114.7
 Participant sports 103.9 105.1
 Gambling 106.3 110.3
 All other recreation and entertainment 107.2 111.0
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 103.8 107.7
 PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Commodity 2009 2010

All tourism goods and services 110.5 114.3
 Traveler accommodations 106.7 106.1
 Food and beverage services 116.0 117.5
 Transportation 110.5 119.2
 Passenger air transportation 109.1 118.9
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 111.5 119.6
 International passenger air transportation 105.7 117.4
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 111.3 119.3
 Passenger rail transportation services 118.1 119.0
 Passenger water transportation services 88.4 89.4
 Intercity bus services 119.4 124.8
 Intercity charter bus services 113.5 119.1
 Local bus and other transportation services 114.5 119.2
 Taxicab services 114.8 119.4
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 111.1 111.5
 Automotive rental and leasing 129.2 128.3
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 111.6 114.4
 Automotive repair services 117.6 119.8
 Parking 122.1 126.2
 Highway tolls 123.0 130.1
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 106.6 107.6
 Gasoline 104.5 124.1
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 110.2 111.5
 Recreation and entertainment 110.7 112.2
 Motion pictures and performing arts 111.6 113.1
 Spectator sports 117.6 120.1
 Participant sports 104.4 105.2
 Gambling 109.9 111.8
 All other recreation and entertainment 112.8 114.1
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 109.9 110.9
 PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Commodity 2011 2012

All tourism goods and services 120.0 123.0
 Traveler accommodations 107.8 109.8
 Food and beverage services 120.3 123.8
 Transportation 130.2 133.9
 Passenger air transportation 127.5 133.4
 Domestic passenger air transportation services 129.0 134.9
 International passenger air transportation 125.0 130.8
 services
 All other transportation-related commodities 131.9 134.3
 Passenger rail transportation services 124.2 129.1
 Passenger water transportation services 88.6 86.1
 Intercity bus services 132.0 136.9
 Intercity charter bus services 125.5 130.1
 Local bus and other transportation services 124.9 128.8
 Taxicab services 124.9 128.9
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 111.6 113.9
 Automotive rental and leasing 125.7 122.8
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 119.5 119.9
 Automotive repair services 122.3 124.4
 Parking 129.1 140.3
 Highway tolls 141.3 143.7
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 108.6 109.1
 Gasoline 156.5 162.6
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 114.3 116.7
 Recreation and entertainment 114.3 116.4
 Motion pictures and performing arts 114.6 116.9
 Spectator sports 120.1 124.1
 Participant sports 106.6 107.9
 Gambling 115.3 117.7
 All other recreation and entertainment 114.6 116.0
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than gasoline 114.3 116.9
 PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table G. U.S. International Travel and Tourism in 2007-2012

[Billions of dollars]

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total international travel 226.3 252.9 220.0 237.7
 and tourism
Inbound travel and tourism 121.4 140.2 119.4 133.5
Outbound travel and tourism 104.8 112.7 100.6 104.2
Net exports of travel and 16.6 27.5 18.8 29.3
 tourism

 2011 2012

Total international travel 262.7 279.8
 and tourism
Inbound travel and tourism 151.5 163.0
Outbound travel and tourism 111.2 116.7
Net exports of travel and 40.3 46.3
 tourism

Table H. Internal Travel and Tourism in the United States by Residents
and Nonresidents in 2005-2011

Year Millions of dollars Share

 Residents Nonresidents Total Residents Nonresidents
 (inbound) (inbound)

2005 593,195 81,843 675,038 87.9 12.1
2006 646,023 85,815 731,838 88.3 11.7
2007 673,897 96,922 770,819 87.4 12.6
2008 655,426 110,387 765,813 85.6 14.4
2009 572,407 94,181 666,588 85.9 14.1
2010 588,440 103,443 691,883 85.0 15.0
2011 657,650 116,035 773,685 85.0 15.0

Table I. National Travel and Tourism in the United
States and Abroad in 2005-2011

Year Millions of dollars

 In the Abroad Total
 United States (outbound)

2005 593,195 121,341 714,536
2006 646,023 130,639 776,662
2007 673,897 137,225 811,122
2008 655,426 144,647 800,073
2009 572,407 127,623 700,031
2010 588,440 136,983 725,423
2011 657,650 144,273 801,923

Year Percent

 In the Abroad
 United States (outbound)

2005 83.0 17.0
2006 83.2 16.8
2007 83.1 16.9
2008 81.9 18.1
2009 81.8 18.2
2010 81.1 18.9
2011 82.0 18.0

Table J. Domestic Travel and Tourism by Type of Visitor in 2005-2011

Year Millions of dollars Percent

 Resident Business Government Total Resident
 households households

2005 375,251 199,380 26,208 600,839 62.5
2006 405,254 220,773 27,807 653,834 62.0
2007 422,036 231,513 28,369 681,918 61.9
2008 405,734 228,482 29,055 663,270 61.2
2009 363,677 185,081 30,782 579,540 62.8
2010 372,005 193,165 30,988 596,158 62.4
2011 413,730 219,853 32,339 665,922 62.1

Year Percent

 Business Government

2005 33.2 4.4
2006 33.8 4.3
2007 34.0 4.2
2008 34.4 4.4
2009 31.9 5.3
2010 32.4 5.2
2011 33.0 4.9

Table K. Travel and Tourism as a Share
of Gross Domestic Product in 2005-2011

Year Billions of dollars Percent

 Gross domestic Tourism Tourism value added
 product (GDP) value added as a share of GDP

2005 12,623 376 2.98
2006 13,377 402 3.01
2007 14,029 422 3.01
2008 14,292 399 2.79
2009 13,974 367 2.63
2010 14,499 381 2.63
2011 15,076 415 2.75

Table L. Contributions to Growth in Employment by Tourism in 2007-2012

[Percentage points]

Industry 2007 2008

All tourism industries 1.01 -4.24
 Traveler accommodations 0.39 -0.02
 Nonfarm residential tenant occupied permanent 0.01 0.00
 site
 Food services and drinking places 0.45 -1.61
 Transportation 0.14 -0.44
 Air transportation services 0.08 -0.05
 All other transportation-related industries 0.07 -0.38
 Rail transportation services 0.01 -0.01
 Water transportation services -0.02 -0.03
 Interurban bus transportation -0.01 0.00
 Interurban charter bus transportation 0.00 0.01
 Urban transit systems and other transportation 0.02 -0.07
 Taxi service 0.05 -0.04
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.01 0.00
 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 0.03 -0.03
 Automotive repair services -0.03 -0.12
 Parking lots and garages 0.00 0.01
 Toll highways 0.00 0.00
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.01 -0.02
 Petroleum refineries 0.00 -0.01
 Gasoline service stations -0.02 -0.06
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.01 -1.78
 Recreation and entertainment 0.06 -0.77
 Motion pictures and performing arts -0.02 -0.05
 Spectator sports 0.01 -0.13
 Participant sports -0.02 -0.44
 Gambling 0.08 -0.01
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.00 -0.14
 Shopping -0.05 -1.01
 Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum refineries -0.18 -0.30
 Retail trade services, excluding gasoline
 service stations 0.13 -0.70
 All other industries 0.01 -0.40
 All other industries, excluding wholesale
 trade and transportation services 0.00 -0.04
 Wholesale trade and transportation services 0.01 -0.36

Industry 2009 2010

All tourism industries -8.32 -1.04
 Traveler accommodations -1.63 0.36
 Nonfarm residential tenant occupied permanent -0.01 -0.01
 site
 Food services and drinking places -3.50 0.85
 Transportation -1.28 -0.57
 Air transportation services -0.43 -0.11
 All other transportation-related industries -0.85 -0.47
 Rail transportation services 0.00 -0.03
 Water transportation services -0.06 0.01
 Interurban bus transportation -0.01 0.00
 Interurban charter bus transportation -0.02 -0.01
 Urban transit systems and other transportation -0.10 -0.04
 Taxi service -0.08 -0.04
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services -0.02 0.00
 Automotive equipment rental and leasing -0.23 -0.06
 Automotive repair services 0.13 -0.17
 Parking lots and garages 0.00 0.00
 Toll highways 0.00 0.00
 Travel arrangement and reservation services -0.42 -0.12
 Petroleum refineries 0.00 -0.01
 Gasoline service stations -0.05 -0.01
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping -1.75 -1.20
 Recreation and entertainment -1.07 -0.24
 Motion pictures and performing arts -0.05 0.00
 Spectator sports -0.13 0.00
 Participant sports -0.50 -0.14
 Gambling -0.17 -0.09
 All other recreation and entertainment -0.22 -0.01
 Shopping -0.69 -0.96
 Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum refineries -0.20 -0.32
 Retail trade services, excluding gasoline
 service stations -0.49 -0.64
 All other industries -0.14 -0.46
 All other industries, excluding wholesale
 trade and transportation services -0.12 -0.01
 Wholesale trade and transportation services -0.02 -0.45

Industry 2011 2012

All tourism industries 3.00 2.65
 Traveler accommodations 0.77 0.48
 Nonfarm residential tenant occupied permanent -0.01 0.00
 site
 Food services and drinking places 0.98 1.18
 Transportation 0.39 0.33
 Air transportation services 0.15 0.06
 All other transportation-related industries 0.24 0.27
 Rail transportation services 0.00 0.01
 Water transportation services 0.01 0.01
 Interurban bus transportation 0.00 0.00
 Interurban charter bus transportation 0.00 -0.01
 Urban transit systems and other transportation 0.02 0.02
 Taxi service 0.03 0.02
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation services 0.01 0.01
 Automotive equipment rental and leasing 0.04 0.08
 Automotive repair services -0.08 0.00
 Parking lots and garages 0.00 0.01
 Toll highways 0.00 0.00
 Travel arrangement and reservation services 0.03 0.05
 Petroleum refineries 0.01 0.00
 Gasoline service stations 0.17 0.07
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.47 0.47
 Recreation and entertainment 0.32 0.30
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.01 0.01
 Spectator sports 0.06 0.04
 Participant sports 0.18 0.10
 Gambling 0.00 0.09
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.07 0.06
 Shopping 0.16 0.17
 Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum refineries 0.01 0.03
 Retail trade services, excluding gasoline
 service stations 0.15 0.13
 All other industries 0.39 0.19
 All other industries, excluding wholesale
 trade and transportation services 0.06 0.03
 Wholesale trade and transportation services 0.33 0.16

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table M. Direct Employment by Tourism Industry in 2007-2012
[Thousands]

Industry 2007 2008 2009

All tourism industries 6,083 5,825 5,340
 Traveler accommodations 1,371 1,370 1,275
 Nonfarm residential tenant 10 10 9
 occupied permanent site
 Food services and drinking places 1,985 1,888 1,684
 Transportation 1,173 1,146 1,071
 Air transportation services 485 482 457
 All other transportation- 687 664 614
 related industries
 Rail transportation services 9 8 9
 Water transportation services 38 36 32
 Interurban bus transportation 20 20 19
 Interurban charter 21 22 21
 bus transportation
 Urban transit systems and 57 53 47
 other transportation
 Taxi service 53 51 46
 Scenic and sightseeing 16 16 15
 transportation services
 Automotive equipment 115 114 101
 rental and leasing
 Automotive repair services 47 40 47
 Parking lots and garages 14 15 15
 Toll highways 4 4 4
 Travel arrangement and 204 203 178
 reservation services
 Petroleum refineries 8 7 7
 Gasoline service stations 81 77 74
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1,278 1,169 1,067
 Recreation and entertainment 656 609 547
 Motion pictures and performing arts 27 24 21
 Spectator sports 77 68 61
 Participant sports 242 215 186
 Gambling 180 179 170
 All other recreation 130 122 109
 and entertainment
 Shopping 622 561 521
 Industries producing
 nondurable PCE commodities, 161 143 131
 excluding petroleum refineries
 Retail trade services, 461 418 389
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 266 241 233
 All other industries, 75 73 66
 excluding wholesale trade and
 transportation services
 Wholesale trade and 190 168 167
 transportation services

Industry 2010 2011 2012

All tourism industries 5,285 5,443 5,588
 Traveler accommodations 1,294 1,335 1,361
 Nonfarm residential tenant 9 9 9
 occupied permanent site
 Food services and drinking places 1,729 1,781 1,846
 Transportation 1,041 1,061 1,079
 Air transportation services 451 459 462
 All other transportation- 589 602 617
 related industries
 Rail transportation services 7 7 8
 Water transportation services 32 33 33
 Interurban bus transportation 19 19 19
 Interurban charter 20 21 20
 bus transportation
 Urban transit systems and 45 46 47
 other transportation
 Taxi service 44 45 46
 Scenic and sightseeing 15 15 16
 transportation services
 Automotive equipment 98 100 104
 rental and leasing
 Automotive repair services 38 34 34
 Parking lots and garages 15 15 15
 Toll highways 4 3 3
 Travel arrangement and 172 174 176
 reservation services
 Petroleum refineries 7 8 8
 Gasoline service stations 74 83 87
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1,003 1,028 1,054
 Recreation and entertainment 534 551 567
 Motion pictures and performing arts 21 22 22
 Spectator sports 61 64 66
 Participant sports 179 188 194
 Gambling 165 165 170
 All other recreation 108 112 115
 and entertainment
 Shopping 469 478 487
 Industries producing
 nondurable PCE commodities, 114 114 116
 excluding petroleum refineries
 Retail trade services, 355 363 370
 excluding gasoline
 service stations
All other industries 208 229 239
 All other industries, 65 68 70
 excluding wholesale trade and
 transportation services
 Wholesale trade and 143 160 169
 transportation services

PCE Personal consumption expenditures