U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite Accounts for 2003-2011.

Zemanek, Steven L.

THE TRAVEL and tourism industry-as measured by the real output of goods and services sold directly to visitors-increased 3.1 percent in 2011 after increasing 2.9 percent in 2010, according to the most recent statistics from the travel and tourism satellite accounts of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). In comparison, the broader economy-as measured by real gross domestic product-increased 1.7 percent in 2011 after increasing 3.0 percent in 2010.1 In 2011, direct tourism employment increased 1.8 percent, the first increase in 3 years, after decreasing 1.4 percent in 2010.

Highlights from the travel and tourism satellite accounts include the following:

* Twenty of twenty-four commodities contributed to the growth in real tourism output in 2011, including traveler accommodations, food and beverage services, and international passenger air transportation.

* Inbound tourism increased 11.3 percent in 2011, and outbound tourism increased 3.0 percent. As a result, travel and tourism net exports increased to $41.7 billion in 2011 from $29.8 billion in 2010.

* Prices for tourism goods and services increased 5.2 percent in 2011 after increasing 3.5 percent in 2010. The largest contributor to the price growth was gasoline prices, and the next largest were domestic passenger air passenger and travelers accommodations. These revised statistics on travel and tourism primarily reflect the incorporation of detailed data from BEA's first "flexible" annual revision of the industry accounts for 2003-2010 and summary statistics from the national income and product accounts through 2011. As a result of the flexible annual revision, the usual revision period of 3 years was extended to include 2003-2010 in order to incorporate improvements in source data and methodology. The travel and tourism accounts are available on the BEA Web site at www.bea.gov; see the box "Data Availability."

The remainder of this article discusses trends in travel and tourism output and prices, the composition of tourism demand, and tourism value added and employment. The core travel and tourism accounts tables follow the article.

1. All measures of travel and tourism activity that are not identified as being in "real" terms are in current dollars.

Trends in Output and Prices

Real output

Real direct travel and tourism output accelerated slightly, increasing 3.1 percent in 2011 after increasing 2.9 percent in 2010 (table A). The acceleration of real output in 2011 was concentrated in a few commodities. The biggest contributors to the growth in real output were traveler accommodations, food and beverage services, and international passenger air transportation. Traveler accommodations, which grew 5.9 percent, contributed 1.02 percentage points. Four commodities contributed negatively to the growth; gasoline was the largest negative contributor, subtracting 0.26 percentage point from growth (tables B, C, and chart 1).

Prices

Travel and tourism price growth accelerated in 2011, increasing 5.2 percent after increasing 3.5 percent in 2010 (table D, page 21). The largest contributors to the acceleration were gasoline, traveler accommodations, and nondurable personal consumption expenditures commodities (shopping). Gasoline prices grew 26.7 percent and contributed 2.70 percentage points to the growth in prices in 2011 after contributing significantly in 2010. Traveler accommodations grew 2.4 percent and contributed 0.53 percentage point, its first positive contribution in 3 years. Shopping grew 3.1 percent and contributed 0.43 percentage point. These positive contributions were partly offset by a few commodities, primarily automotive rental and leasing which subtracted 0.12 percentage point from growth in prices (tables E, F, and chart 2).

Total output

Total tourism-related output increased to $1.37 trillion in 2011, up 8.4 percent from $1.26 trillion in 2010. In 2011, total output consisted of $814.1 billion in direct tourism output and $554.9 billion in indirect tourism output. The 1.68 ratio of total output to direct output means that every dollar of direct tourism output required an additional 68 cents of indirect tourism output (chart 3).

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Direct tourism output includes goods and services sold directly to visitors, such as passenger air travel. Indirect tourism output includes the sales of all goods and services used to produce that direct output, such as jet fuel to fly the plane and catering services for longer international flights.

The Composition of Tourism Demand

The travel and tourism accounts include estimates of the composition of tourism demand by type of visitor. They distinguish expenditures of U.S. residents traveling abroad from those of U.S. residents and nonresidents traveling within the United States for leisure, business, or government purposes. Net exports of tourism trade is derived by subtracting expenditures on foreign travel by U.S. residents (an import of goods and services to outbound travelers) from expenditures on U.S. travel by nonresidents (an export of goods and services to inbound travelers).

International travel and tourism

Current-dollar international travel (the sum of inbound and outbound travel) increased 7.7 percent in 2011 after increasing 7.9 percent in 2010.

Inbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from U.S. providers by nonresidents traveling in the United States. Inbound tourism activity grew 11.3 percent to $148.4 billion in 2011 after increasing 11.7 percent in 2010 (chart 4). The growth reflected the improvement of the global economy, as the number of visitors from countries with strong foreign currencies continued to increase. (2)

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Outbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from foreign providers by U.S. residents traveling abroad. In 2011, outbound activity increased 3.0 percent to $106.7 billion. The increase in inbound activity was larger than the increase in outbound activity, which resulted in a robust increase to $41.7 billion in travel and tourism net exports (table G).

Internal travel and tourism. This consists of travel and tourism within the borders of the United States-the sum of domestic activity and inbound activity. (3) In 2010 (the most recent year for which data are available), inbound travel and tourism activity accounted for 14.7 percent of the total internal tourism, 3.5 percentage points higher than its low of 11.2 percent in 2003 (table H and chart 5).

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National tourism. This consists of travel and tourism by U.S. residents, both within the United States and abroad-the sum of domestic tourism and outbound tourism. The calculation of outbound tourism includes all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign providers or U.S. providers so that expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States (domestic tourism) are consistent with expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad (outbound tourism). Outbound tourism's share of national tourism achieved a new high of 18.5 percent in 2010 (the most recent year for which data are available) (table I and chart 6).

Domestic travel and tourism

Domestic tourism includes travel and tourism by U.S. residents within the borders of the United States. Travel to Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the other U.S. territories are outside of this defined boundary and are classified in "international travel." The travel and tourism accounts break out all the expenditures on domestic travel and tourism by type of visitor: resident households, business, and government. Business' share of domestic travel and tourism continued to decline, decreasing to 31.9 percent in 2010 (the most recent year for which data are available). Government expenditures accounted for 4.9 percent of domestic travel and tourism in 2010, a slight decrease from 2009. In general, government travel is more stable than business or leisure travel, and as a result, its share tends to increase during downturns and decrease during upturns in travel and tourism. (table J and chart 7).

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Value added

A sector's value added measures its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). In 2010 (the most recent year for which data are available), the travel and tourism industry's share of GDP was 2.7 percent (table K). Travel and tourism's share of GDP remains a larger share of GDP than industries such as utilities, computer and electronic products manufacturing, and broadcasting and telecommunications.

Direct employment

Direct tourism employment includes jobs that involve producing goods and services that are sold directly to visitors (such as restaurant servers, hotel clerks, and flight attendants). Direct employment increased 1.8 percent in 2011. The largest contributor to the increase was food services and drinking places, which contributed 1.16 percentage points to the growth in direct tourism employment. Traveler accommodations also contributed to the increase in direct employment, 0.63 percentage point (table L and chart 8). Besides food services and drinking places and traveler accommodations, employment in most other industries held constant or decreased slightly in 2011 (table M).

Total employment

Total tourism-related employment (the sum of direct and indirect jobs) increased to 7.5 million jobs in 2011. The 7.5 million jobs consisted of 5.4 million direct tourism jobs and 2.1 million indirect tourism jobs (chart 9). Direct tourism employment comprises jobs that produce direct tourism output, such as airline pilots, and indirect tourism employment comprises jobs that produce indirect tourism output, such as refinery workers producing jet fuel. The most recent data indicate that for every 10 direct tourism jobs generated, an additional 4.0 jobs are indirectly generated.

Data Table Guide

The revised estimates for 2010 are presented in a set of eight core tables: (1) production of commodities by industry, (2) supply and consumption of commodities, (3) demand for commodities by type of visitor, (4) output and value added by industry, (5) output by commodity, (6) employment and compensation of employees by industry, (7) total tourism-related employment by industry, and (8) real tourism output.

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Table 1. Production of Commodities by Industry

This table presents 26 industry categories that produce goods and services purchased by visitors and the value of that production. It presents estimates of each industry's value added and the three value-added components: compensation of employees; taxes on production and imports, less subsidies; and gross operating surplus.

The estimates of commodities purchased by visitors and the industries that produce the commodities are from the annual input-output (I-O) accounts. Production data are extracted and arranged into a matrix. This table shows the tourism-related commodities (rows) produced by each tourism-related industry (columns).

Table 2. Supply and Consumption of Commodities

This table presents information on the supply of 32 commodities (valued in producers' prices and purchasers' prices), and the consumption of these commodities (valued in purchasers' prices) as intermediate purchases by business and government and as final purchases by resident households, business, government, and foreigners.

The estimates of total supply in purchasers' prices are derived by summing domestic production by commodity in producers' prices, imports, wholesale and retail margins, and transportation costs and by adjusting for change in private inventories. Total consumption is the sum of intermediate expenditures (private and government), personal consumption expenditures, gross private fixed investment, government final expenditures, and exports of goods and services.

Data on imports, changes in private inventories, wholesale trade and transportation costs, and retail trade margins are extracted from the annual I-O accounts and added to the estimates for domestic production in table 1 to arrive at estimates for total supply by commodity. Then, using more data from the annual I-O accounts, the estimates for total supply are disaggregated into intermediate private expenditures, intermediate government expenditures, personal consumption expenditures, gross private fixed investment, government final expenditures, and exports.

Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor

This table details the portion of total consumption of each commodity consumed by four types of visitors: resident households, businesses, government, and nonresidents. For each commodity, the table presents the share of its output that is sold to visitors that is indicated by the commodity's tourism commodity ratio, which is calculated as visitor consumption divided by total consumption.

These estimates are based on survey data on visitor spending behavior that are used to break down total consumption estimates from the supply and consumption of commodities table into tourism demand by type of visitor. (4) Total tourism demand is the sum of demand by the four types of visitors.

In table 3, the commodities have been adjusted to remove travel agency commissions from the commodity on which the commissions were earned. These removed commissions are included in "travel arrangement and reservation services"; in contrast, in table 3a, the commodities have not been adjusted to remove the travel agency commissions.

Table 4. Output and Value Added by Industry

This table presents estimates of tourism output, intermediate consumption, and value added by industry. It also presents each industry's total output, total intermediate consumption, and total value added. Each industry's tourism industry ratio is also provided; this ratio represents the share of each industry's output, intermediate consumption, and value added that is consumed by visitors.

Tourism industry ratios are calculated from estimates in the production by industry table (table 1) and from the demand for commodities table (table 3). The industry output estimates from the production table are multiplied by the tourism commodity ratios from the demand table in order to obtain tourism industry ratios. The estimates of tourism output, tourism intermediate consumption, and tourism value added are calculated by multiplying industry output, intermediate consumption, and value added by the tourism industry ratios.

Table 5. Output by Tourism Commodity

This table presents estimates of direct tourism output and total tourism-related output by commodity. For each commodity, the table also presents domestic production (at purchasers' prices), the tourism commodity ratio, and the total commodity output multiplier.

For each commodity, direct tourism output is calculated by multiplying the values for total commodity production in table 1 by the tourism commodity ratios in table 3. Then, using total commodity output multipliers derived from the annual I-O accounts, each commodity's total tourism-related output is estimated by multiplying its direct tourism output by its total output multiplier.

Table 6. Employment and Employee Compensation by Industry

This table presents estimates of tourism employment, tourism compensation, and average compensation per tourism employee by industry. This table also presents total industry employment, total industry compensation, and tourism industry ratios.

Industry employment and compensation data are extracted from the annual I-O accounts and multiplied by each industry's tourism output ratio from table 4 to produce estimates for tourism employment and tourism compensation by industry. Average compensation per tourism employee by industry is calculated by dividing tourism compensation by tourism employment for each industry.

Table 7. Total Tourism-Related Employment by Industry

This table presents estimates of direct tourism employment, the total industry multiplier, and the total tourism-related employment.

Using total industry employment multipliers from BEA's regional economic accounts, each industry's total tourism-related employment is estimated by multiplying its direct tourism employment by its total employment multiplier.

Table 8. Real Tourism Output by Commodity

This table presents estimates of direct tourism output in current dollars by commodity (which are also presented in table 5), chain-type price indexes for each commodity, and real output for each commodity. Price data are extracted from the annual I-O accounts to calculate chain-type price indexes for 21 of the 24 tourism commodities. The remaining three tourism commodities-international passenger air transportation, gasoline, and nondurable personal consumption expenditures commodities other than gasoline-use price data from the national income and product accounts. The chain-type indexes are used to deflate the estimates of current-dollar direct tourism output to prepare estimates of real tourism output.

Acknowledgments

David B. Wasshausen and Paul V. Kern of the Industry Sector Division supervised the preparation of the estimates. Steven L. Zemanek prepared the estimates. Laurin McArthur reviewed the estimates.

Staff members of the Industry Sector Division, the Industry Applications Division, the National Income and Wealth Division, the Government Division, and the

Regional Income Division contributed to the development of the estimates.

The Office of Travel and Tourism Industries of the International Trade Administration provided funding for the preparation of the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

Data Availability

The detailed annual statistics on travel and tourism activity for 2010 are presented in eight tables at the end of this article. The complete set of detailed annual statistics for 1998-2010, advance statistics on output and employment for 2011, and quarterly statistics on output and employment for 1998-2011, are available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov under "Industry" and "Satellite Accounts."

The advance estimates for 2011 are presented in three tables: the first table presents direct and total tourism-related output, the second table presents direct and total tourism-related employment, and the third table presents real tourism output.

Key Terms

The following key terms are used to describe the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

Domestic tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States. It comprises travel by resident households, business travel, and travel by government employees.

Inbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the United States and expenditures by nonresidents on international transportation purchased from U.S. providers. [1] These expenditures exclude expenditures for travel to study in the United States and for medical reasons.

Internal tourism. The sum of domestic tourism expenditures and inbound tourism expenditures (net of all international transportation expenditures).

National tourism. The sum of domestic tourism demand and outbound tourism demand (including all international transportation expenditures).

Outbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad and expenditures by U.S. residents on international transportation purchased from foreign providers.

Tourism commodities. Goods and services that are typically purchased by visitors, such as airline passenger transportation, hotel accommodations, and meals. [2]

Tourism employment. Total tourism-related employment consists of direct tourism employment plus indirect tourism employment. Direct tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of direct tourism output (for example, hotel staff and airline pilots), and indirect tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of indirect tourism output (for example, workers producing hotel toiletries and delivering fuel to airlines).

Tourism output. Total tourism-related output consists of direct tourism output and indirect tourism output. Direct tourism output comprises all domestically produced goods and services purchased by travelers (for example, traveler accommodations and passenger air transportation), and indirect tourism output comprises all output required to support the production of direct tourism output (for example, toiletries for hotel guests and fuel for airplanes).

Usual environment. The area of normal, everyday activities within 50-100 miles of home. [3]

Visitor. A person who travels outside of his or her usual environment for less than a year or who stays overnight in a hotel or motel. The visitor may travel for pleasure or business (private sector or government). Visitors exclude travelers who expect to be compensated at the location of their visit (such as migrant workers, persons traveling to new assignments, and diplomatic and military personnel traveling to and from their duty stations and their home countries).

[1.] In the travel and tourism satellite accounts, inbound and outbound visitors are not differentiated by type of visitor, because the data to prepare these estimates are not available.

[2.] The classification of tourism commodities in the travel and tourism satellite accounts is based on a list of primary activities of visitors that was developed from recommendations by the World Tourism Organization, by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and from various surveys of U.S. visitors.

[3.] The usual environment depends on the availability of source data.

(2.) See Sarah P. Scott and Alexis N. Chaves, "U.S. International Transactions," Survey 92 (April 2012): 22-31.

(3.) As a component of internal tourism, the calculation of inbound tourism is modified to exclude all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign providers or U.S. providers so that expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States (domestic tourism) can be compared with expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the United States (inbound tourism).

(4.) The surveys used to estimate demand for commodities by type of visitor are the Consumer Expenditure Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the In-Flight Survey of the Department of Commerce's International Trade Administration, and private surveys done by D.K. Shifflet and Associates.

Chart 1. Contributions to Annual Growth in Real
Tourism Output in 2008-2011

Overall annual growth

-5.4% in 2008

-9.4% in 2009

-2.9% in 2010

-3.1% in 2011

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: Table made from bar graph.

Chart 2. Contributions to Annual Growth in the
Chain-Type Price Index for Tourism Goods and
Services in 2008-2011

Overall annual growth

 5.7% in 2008

-3.3% in 2009

-3.5% in 2010

-5.2% in 2011

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: Table made from bar graph.

Chart 8. Contributions to Annual Growth in Direct
Tourism Employment in 2008-2011

Overall annual growth

-4.2% in 2008

-8.3% in 2009

-1.4% in 2010

-1.8% in 2011

U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Note: Table made from bar graph.

Table A. Annual Growth In Real Output by Tourism Commodity In 2003-2011

[Percentage change from preceding period]

                Commodity                     2003     2004     2005

All tourism goods and services                  4.6      6.5      3.3
  Traveler accommodations                       5.9      8.8      5.7
  Food and beverage services                    5.5      6.5      6.1
  Transportation                                2.8      4.4      1.5
    Passenger air transportation                8.4      3.9     -0.4
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                14.8     -1.4     -6.1
      International passenger air
        transportation services                -5.1     17.4     11.4
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                              -1.2      4.7      2.9
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                                6.1      8.2     -6.6
      Passenger water transportation
        services                               15.9      8.0      1.3
      Intercity bus services                    1.2     -1.1      1.3
      Intercity charter bus services           -5.5     -5.5     -6.3
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                               -3.6     -1.4     11.9
      Taxicab services                        -18.9      6.5      7.6
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                -1.5      5.5      0.5
      Automotive rental and leasing             0.0      6.7      6.2
      Other vehicle rental and leasing          7.8      6.2     10.6
      Automotive repair services              -12.7     -4.0     -5.6
      Parking                                  15.2      6.6     -0.1
      Highway tolls                             9.5      0.2     -6.6
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                5.4     10.2      4.8
      Gasoline                                 -4.4      2.6      2.3
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping       5.8      7.9      2.5
    Recreation and entertainment                5.6      5.8      1.5
      Motion pictures and performing arts       8.4      4.6      2.2
      Spectator sports                          4.1     11.6      4.4
      Participant sports                        0.9      6.2      5.1
      Gambling                                  7.0      7.9     -0.5
      All other recreation and
       entertainment                            4.3      0.3      1.7
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                  6.0      9.6      3.3

                Commodity                     2006     2007     2008

All tourism goods and services                  4.0      1.8     -5.4
  Traveler accommodations                       5.8      3.9      0.9
  Food and beverage services                    4.0      0.5     -7.3
  Transportation                                2.1      2.3     -5.8
    Passenger air transportation                1.8      2.1     -3.5
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                -1.7      0.3     -5.6
      International passenger air
        transportation services                 8.0      5.0     -0.2
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                               2.4      2.4     -7.3
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                               -0.3     10.0     -1.5
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                4.1      4.8      1.6
      Intercity bus services                   -2.1     -0.3      1.4
      Intercity charter bus services            8.8    -10.5      5.5
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                                4.5      0.4     -9.8
      Taxicab services                         12.9     -1.3     -9.5
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                 2.4      7.4      0.3
      Automotive rental and leasing             0.8      2.9     -5.6
      Other vehicle rental and leasing          5.4      2.7     -4.0
      Automotive repair services               -1.5     -6.0    -17.5
      Parking                                  -7.8      0.6    -10.9
      Highway tolls                           -14.0     -4.8     -9.1
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                3.3      8.7      1.8
      Gasoline                                  2.8      0.7    -12.3
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping       5.4      0.5     -8.0
    Recreation and entertainment                4.4      1.3     -7.8
      Motion pictures and performing arts       2.6      0.4    -10.1
      Spectator sports                          5.1      2.0    -12.7
      Participant sports                        5.7      2.0    -11.1
      Gambling                                  6.9      1.6     -5.1
      All other recreation and
       entertainment                           -0.4      0.4     -7.2
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                  6.2     -0.1     -8.1

                Commodity                     2009     2010     2011

All tourism goods and services                 -9.4      2.9      3.1
  Traveler accommodations                      -6.4      6.5      5.9
  Food and beverage services                  -12.8      4.5      4.8
  Transportation                               -5.4      2.7      1.4
    Passenger air transportation               -5.7      1.3      1.2
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                -5.9     -4.4      0.2
      International passenger air
        transportation services                -5.1      9.7      2.4
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                              -5.1      3.7      1.6
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                               -0.2     -8.9     -3.9
      Passenger water transportation
        services                               -0.9      0.5      0.3
      Intercity bus services                  -19.4      0.7     -2.4
      Intercity charter bus services          -18.7      5.7      2.6
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                              -12.6     -4.5     -1.7
      Taxicab services                         -9.8     -4.6      0.0
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                -9.2     13.0      1.8
      Automotive rental and leasing           -14.7      4.5      9.2
      Other vehicle rental and leasing         -9.8      1.1      2.1
      Automotive repair services               13.9    -25.0     -9.7
      Parking                                  -7.0      0.4      0.8
      Highway tolls                             6.9     -1.9     -4.8
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                              -12.1     10.6      9.3
      Gasoline                                  3.5      6.4     -2.8
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping     -15.1     -0.7      2.7
    Recreation and entertainment              -12.0     -0.9      2.9
      Motion pictures and performing arts      -9.7     -4.3      0.2
      Spectator sports                        -19.8     -2.6     11.3
      Participant sports                      -19.1     -9.0      4.1
      Gambling                                 -9.1      1.8      0.5
      All other recreation and
       entertainment                          -12.1      0.8      6.8
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                -17.6     -0.5      2.6

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table B. Contributions to Growth in Real Tourism Output
by Tourism Commodity in 2006-2011

[Percentage points]

                Commodity                     2006     2007     2008

All tourism goods and services                 3.98     1.79    -5.37
  Traveler accommodations                      1.05     0.72     0.17
  Food and beverage services                   0.65     0.08    -1.17
  Transportation                               0.81     0.86    -2.25
    Passenger air transportation               0.28     0.32    -0.55
        Domestic passenger air
          transportation services             -0.17     0.03    -0.53
        International passenger air
          transportation services              0.45     0.29    -0.02
      All other transportation-related
        commodities                            0.53     0.54    -1.70
        Passenger rail transportation
          services                             0.00     0.02     0.00
        Passenger water transportation
          services                             0.05     0.05     0.02
        Intercity bus services                -0.01     0.00     0.00
        Intercity charter bus services         0.02    -0.03     0.01
        Local bus and other
          transportation services              0.02     0.00    -0.05
        Taxicab services                       0.07    -0.01    -0.05
        Scenic and sightseeing
          transportation services              0.01     0.03     0.00
        Automotive rental and leasing          0.03     0.11    -0.23
        Other vehicle rental and leasing       0.01     0.00     0.00
        Automotive repair services            -0.02    -0.09    -0.25
        Parking                               -0.02     0.00    -0.03
        Highway tolls                         -0.01     0.00    -0.01
        Travel arrangement and
          reservation services                 0.15     0.39     0.09
        Gasoline                               0.24     0.06    -1.20
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      1.46     0.13    -2.12
    Recreation and entertainment               0.52     0.15    -0.92
      Motion pictures and performing arts      0.05     0.01    -0.19
      Spectator sports                         0.05     0.02    -0.14
      Participant sports                       0.09     0.03    -0.17
      Gambling                                 0.34     0.08    -0.25
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                         -0.01     0.01    -0.17
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                 0.94    -0.02    -1.20

                Commodity                     2009     2010     2011

All tourism goods and services                -9.39     2.85     3.14
  Traveler accommodations                     -1.27     1.26     1.02
  Food and beverage services                  -2.10     0.70     0.66
  Transportation                              -1.98     1.07     0.89
    Passenger air transportation              -0.90     0.23     0.52
        Domestic passenger air
          transportation services             -0.57    -0.42     0.02
        International passenger air
          transportation services             -0.33     0.64     0.50
      All other transportation-related
        commodities                           -1.08     0.84     0.37
        Passenger rail transportation
          services                             0.00    -0.02    -0.01
        Passenger water transportation
          services                            -0.01     0.00     0.00
        Intercity bus services                -0.05     0.00     0.00
        Intercity charter bus services        -0.05     0.01     0.01
        Local bus and other
          transportation services             -0.06    -0.02    -0.01
        Taxicab services                      -0.06    -0.03     0.00
        Scenic and sightseeing
          transportation services             -0.04     0.06     0.01
        Automotive rental and leasing         -0.65     0.19     0.33
        Other vehicle rental and leasing      -0.01     0.00     0.00
        Automotive repair services             0.18    -0.41    -0.10
        Parking                               -0.02     0.00     0.00
        Highway tolls                          0.01     0.00     0.00
        Travel arrangement and
          reservation services                -0.61     0.50     0.41
        Gasoline                               0.29     0.55    -0.26
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping     -4.03    -0.17     0.57
    Recreation and entertainment              -1.41    -0.11     0.27
      Motion pictures and performing arts     -0.18    -0.08     0.00
      Spectator sports                        -0.20    -0.02     0.08
      Participant sports                      -0.28    -0.11     0.04
      Gambling                                -0.46     0.09     0.02
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                         -0.29     0.02     0.13
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                -2.62    -0.06     0.29

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table C. Real Output by Tourism Commodity in 2006-2011

[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

              Commodity                   2006       2007       2008

All tourism goods and services           729,450    742,520    702,673
  Traveler accommodations                135,840    141,085    142,396
  Food and beverage services             119,652    120,243    111,481
  Transportation                         270,091    276,251    260,131
    Passenger air transportation         109,744    112,097    108,175
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services           67,680     67,878     64,044
      International passenger air
        transportation services           42,121     44,228     44,124
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                        160,281    164,083    152,035
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                           1,205      1,325      1,305
      Passenger water transportation
        services                           8,502      8,909      9,049
      Intercity bus services               1,702      1,697      1,722
      Intercity charter bus services       1,939      1,735      1,831
      Local bus and other
        transportation services            3,792      3,807      3,434
      Taxicab services                     4,377      4,320      3,908
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services            2,944      3,163      3,173
      Automotive rental and leasing       28,441     29,255     27,623
      Other vehicle rental and
        leasing                              754        774        743
      Automotive repair services          11,406     10,724      8,846
      Parking                              1,931      1,943      1,732
      Highway tolls                          579        551        501
      Travel arrangement and
        reservation services              33,276     36,170     36,834
      Gasoline                            59,439     59,851     52,505
  Recreation, entertainment, and
    shopping                             204,034    205,042    188,707
    Recreation and entertainment          88,596     89,712     82,735
      Motion pictures and performing
        arts                              14,414     14,472     13,015
      Spectator sports                     7,748      7,906      6,903
      Participant sports                  11,938     12,171     10,818
      Gambling                            36,936     37,531     35,620
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                     17,556     17,624     16,361
    Nondurable PCE commodities other
      than gasoline                      115,444    115,318    105,959

              Commodity                   2009       2010       2011

All tourism goods and services           636,718    654,881    675,433
  Traveler accommodations                133,301    141,936    150,246
  Food and beverage services              97,182    101,529    106,386
  Transportation                         246,103    252,842    256,501
    Passenger air transportation         102,037    103,388    104,617
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services           60,240     57,619     57,741
      International passenger air
        transportation services           41,860     45,924     47,025
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                        144,264    149,590    151,967
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                           1,303      1,187      1,141
      Passenger water transportation
        services                           8,967      9,008      9,037
      Intercity bus services               1,388      1,398      1,364
      Intercity charter bus services       1,489      1,574      1,615
      Local bus and other
        transportation services            3,002      2,869      2,820
      Taxicab services                     3,523      3,363      3,362
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services            2,880      3,254      3,314
      Automotive rental and leasing       23,560     24,613     26,888
      Other vehicle rental and
        leasing                              670        678        692
      Automotive repair services          10,075      7,555      6,819
      Parking                              1,610      1,616      1,629
      Highway tolls                          536        525        500
      Travel arrangement and
        reservation services              32,381     35,816     39,137
      Gasoline                            54,330     57,794     56,154
  Recreation, entertainment, and
    shopping                             160,174    159,055    163,426
    Recreation and entertainment          72,815     72,127     74,245
      Motion pictures and performing
        arts                              11,756     11,253     11,272
      Spectator sports                     5,537      5,394      6,002
      Participant sports                   8,752      7,968      8,296
      Gambling                            32,366     32,953     33,117
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                     14,382     14,491     15,470
    Nondurable PCE commodities other
      than gasoline                       87,317     86,889     89,150

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table D. Annual Growth in Prices for Tourism Commodities in 2006-2011

[Percentage change form preceding period]

                 Commodity                     2006     2007     2008

All tourism goods and services                   4.5      3.7      5.7
  Traveler accommodations                        3.6      4.4      1.9
  Food and beverage services                     3.2      3.7      4.5
  Transportation                                 7.1      4.2      9.5
    Passenger air transportation                 6.7      2.8     10.2
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                  7.3      1.3     10.2
      International passenger air
        transportation services                  5.5      5.3     10.2
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                                7.4      5.2      9.0
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                                 7.2      4.7      3.8
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                -0.4     -0.6     -1.6
      Intercity bus services                     7.2      0.8      6.4
      Intercity charter bus services             3.5      3.1      2.4
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                                 3.9      2.3      3.1
      Taxicab services                           3.4      2.0      4.0
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                  3.6      3.0      2.5
      Automotive rental and leasing              6.4      2.5      8.6
      Other vehicle rental and leasing           0.9      6.4      6.8
      Automotive repair services                 4.2      3.4      4.9
      Parking                                    2.9      3.3      6.5
      Highway tolls                             10.7      5.8     13.6
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                 3.5      2.2      0.0
      Gasoline                                  12.7      9.7     17.1
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping        2.4      2.6      3.6
    Recreation and entertainment                 3.2      3.2      3.3
      Motion pictures and performing arts        3.5      3.5      2.6
      Spectator sports                           3.7      5.0      5.3
      Participant sports                         2.1      1.8      1.1
      Gambling                                   3.2      3.0      3.8
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                            3.4      3.6      3.6
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                   1.7      2.1      3.8

                 Commodity                     2009     2010     2011

All tourism goods and services                  -3.3      3.5      5.2
  Traveler accommodations                       -3.2     -0.6      2.4
  Food and beverage services                     3.8      1.2      2.4
  Transportation                                -9.0      7.8      9.4
    Passenger air transportation                -8.6      9.0      7.6
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                 -6.8      7.2      7.9
      International passenger air
        transportation services                -11.3     11.3      1.8
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                               -9.4      7.1     10.8
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                                 1.4      0.7      4.4
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                -9.3      1.2     -0.9
      Intercity bus services                     3.9      4.6      5.6
      Intercity charter bus services             1.3      0.3      4.4
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                                 3.0      3.9      4.7
      Taxicab services                           4.7      4.0      4.6
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                  1.3      0.3      0.1
      Automotive rental and leasing              9.1     -0.9     -2.5
      Other vehicle rental and leasing          -2.7      2.6      4.7
      Automotive repair services                 4.1      1.9      2.0
      Parking                                    7.8      3.3      2.3
      Highway tolls                             -7.5      5.8      8.6
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                 0.7      0.9      0.6
      Gasoline                                 -27.2     18.3     26.7
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping        1.4      1.2      2.3
    Recreation and entertainment                 0.5      1.4      1.3
      Motion pictures and performing arts        1.5      1.4      1.0
      Spectator sports                           2.6      2.2     -0.2
      Participant sports                        -0.7      0.7     -2.5
      Gambling                                  -0.3      1.7      3.2
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                            1.6      1.1      0.1
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                   2.0      1.0      3.1

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table E. Contributions to Annual Growth in the
Chain-Type Price Indexes for Tourism Commodities in 2006-2011

[Percentage points]

                 Commodity                     2006     2007     2008

All tourism goods and services                  4.49     3.71     5.66
  Traveler accommodations                       0.67     0.81     0.38
  Food and beverage services                    0.52     0.59     0.72
  Transportation                                2.64     1.61     3.61
    Passenger air transportation                1.01     0.44     1.58
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                 0.70     0.12     0.94
      International passenger air
        transportation services                 0.31     0.32     0.64
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                               1.63     1.17     2.02
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                                0.01     0.01     0.01
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                0.00    -0.01    -0.02
      Intercity bus services                    0.02     0.00     0.02
      Intercity charter bus services            0.01     0.01     0.01
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                                0.02     0.01     0.02
      Taxicab services                          0.02     0.01     0.02
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                 0.01     0.01     0.01
      Automotive rental and leasing             0.25     0.10     0.34
      Other vehicle rental and leasing          0.00     0.01     0.01
      Automotive repair services                0.07     0.05     0.07
      Parking                                   0.01     0.01     0.02
      Highway tolls                             0.01     0.00     0.01
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                0.16     0.10     0.00
      Gasoline                                  1.04     0.85     1.52
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping       0.66     0.70     0.95
    Recreation and entertainment                0.39     0.38     0.39
      Motion pictures and performing arts       0.07     0.07     0.05
      Spectator sports                          0.04     0.05     0.05
      Participant sports                        0.03     0.03     0.02
      Gambling                                  0.16     0.15     0.19
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                           0.08     0.09     0.08
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                  0.27     0.31     0.56

                 Commodity                     2009     2010     2011

All tourism goods and services                 -3.28     3.46     5.20
  Traveler accommodations                      -0.59    -0.12     0.53
  Food and beverage services                    0.54     0.20     0.42
  Transportation                               -3.54     3.08     3.67
    Passenger air transportation               -1.34     1.43     0.93
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                -0.62     0.67     0.78
      International passenger air
        transportation services                -0.73     0.76     0.15
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                              -2.20     1.65     2.74
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                                0.00     0.00     0.01
      Passenger water transportation
        services                               -0.10     0.01    -0.01
      Intercity bus services                    0.01     0.01     0.01
      Intercity charter bus services            0.00     0.00     0.01
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                                0.01     0.02     0.02
      Taxicab services                          0.02     0.02     0.03
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                 0.01     0.00     0.00
      Automotive rental and leasing             0.34    -0.04    -0.12
      Other vehicle rental and leasing          0.00     0.00     0.01
      Automotive repair services                0.05     0.03     0.03
      Parking                                   0.02     0.01     0.01
      Highway tolls                            -0.01     0.01     0.01
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                0.03     0.05     0.04
      Gasoline                                 -2.58     1.53     2.70
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping       0.31     0.30     0.58
    Recreation and entertainment                0.06     0.16     0.16
      Motion pictures and performing arts       0.03     0.02     0.02
      Spectator sports                          0.02     0.02     0.00
      Participant sports                       -0.01     0.01    -0.03
      Gambling                                 -0.02     0.08     0.17
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                           0.03     0.03     0.00
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                  0.26     0.13     0.43

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table F. Chain-Type Price Indexes for Tourism Commodities in 2006-2011

[Index numbers, 2005=100]

                 Commodity                     2006     2007     2008

All tourism goods and services                 104.5    108.4    114.5
  Traveler accommodations                      103.6    108.1    110.2
  Food and beverage services                   103.2    107.0    111.8
  Transportation                               107.1    111.6    122.1
    Passenger air transportation               106.7    109.7    120.8
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                107.3    108.7    119.8
      International passenger air
        transportation services                105.5    111.1    122.4
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                              107.4    112.9    123.0
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                               107.2    112.3    116.5
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                99.6     99.1     97.4
      Intercity bus services                   107.2    108.1    115.0
      Intercity charter bus services           103.5    106.8    109.4
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                               103.9    106.3    109.6
      Taxicab services                         103.4    105.5    109.7
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                103.6    106.8    109.4
      Automotive rental and leasing            106.4    109.0    118.4
      Other vehicle rental and leasing         100.9    107.3    114.7
      Automotive repair services               104.2    107.7    113.0
      Parking                                  102.9    106.3    113.3
      Highway tolls                            110.7    117.1    133.1
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                               103.5    105.8    105.8
      Gasoline                                 112.7    123.6    144.8
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      102.4    105.0    108.7
    Recreation and entertainment               103.2    106.5    110.0
      Motion pictures and performing arts      103.5    107.1    109.9
      Spectator sports                         103.7    108.9    114.7
      Participant sports                       102.1    103.9    105.1
      Gambling                                 103.2    106.3    110.3
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                          103.4    107.2    111.0
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                 101.7    103.8    107.7

                 Commodity                     2009     2010     2011

All tourism goods and services                 110.7    114.6    120.5
  Traveler accommodations                      106.7    106.1    108.7
  Food and beverage services                   116.0    117.5    120.3
  Transportation                               111.1    119.9    131.2
    Passenger air transportation               110.5    120.4    129.5
      Domestic passenger air
        transportation services                111.7    119.7    129.1
      International passenger air
        transportation services                108.6    120.9    123.1
    All other transportation-related
      commodities                              111.5    119.4    132.3
      Passenger rail transportation
        services                               118.2    119.0    124.3
      Passenger water transportation
        services                                88.4     89.4     88.6
      Intercity bus services                   119.5    125.0    131.9
      Intercity charter bus services           110.9    111.2    116.1
      Local bus and other transportation
        services                               112.8    117.2    122.7
      Taxicab services                         114.8    119.4    124.9
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                110.8    111.2    111.3
      Automotive rental and leasing            129.2    128.1    124.9
      Other vehicle rental and leasing         111.6    114.5    119.8
      Automotive repair services               117.6    119.8    122.2
      Parking                                  122.1    126.1    129.1
      Highway tolls                            123.1    130.2    141.3
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                               106.6    107.5    108.2
      Gasoline                                 105.3    124.6    157.8
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      110.2    111.5    114.1
    Recreation and entertainment               110.6    112.2    113.7
      Motion pictures and performing arts      111.5    113.0    114.1
      Spectator sports                         117.6    120.2    120.0
      Participant sports                       104.3    105.1    102.5
      Gambling                                 110.0    111.8    115.4
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                          112.7    114.0    114.1
    Nondurable PCE commodities other than
      gasoline                                 109.9    111.0    114.4

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table G. U.S. International Travel and Tourism in 2006-2011

[Billions of dollars]

                                            2006     2007     2008

Total international travel and tourism      206.9    226.3    252.9
Inbound travel and tourism                  107.0    121.4    140.2
Outbound travel and tourism                 100.0    104.8    112.7

Net exports of travel and tourism             7.0     16.6     27.5

                                            2009     2010     2011

Total international travel and tourism      219.6    236.8    255.0
Inbound travel and tourism                  119.4    133.3    148.4
Outbound travel and tourism                 100.2    103.5    106.7

Net exports of travel and tourism            19.2     29.8     41.7

Table H. Internal Travel and Tourism in the United States
by Residents and Nonresidents in 2004-2010

                  Millions of dollars                  Share

Year   Residents    Nonresidents    Total     Residents    Nonresidents
                     (inbound)                              (inbound)

2004      549,995         74,613    624,607         88.1           11.9
2005      593,195         81,843    675,038         87.9           12.1
2006      646,023         85,815    731,838         88.3           11.7
2007      673,897         96,922    770,819         87.4           12.6
2008      655,426        110,387    765,813         85.6           14.4
2009      576,391         94,185    670,576         86.0           14.0
2010      602,257        103,440    705,697         85.3           14.7

Table I. National Travel and Tourism
in the United States and Abroad in 2004-2010

              Millions of dollars                Percent

        In the                              In the
Year    United      Abroad       Total      United      Abroad
        States    (outbound)                States    (outbound)

2004    549,995       112,285    662,280       83.0          17.0
2005    593,195       121,341    714,536       83.0          17.0
2006    646,023       130,639    776,662       83.2          16.8
2007    673,897       137,225    811,122       83.1          16.9
2008    655,426       144,647    800,073       81.9          18.1
2009    576,391       127,557    703,948       81.9          18.1
2010    602,257       136,449    738,707       81.5          18.5

Table J. Domestic Travel and Tourism by Type of Visitor in 2004-2010

                       Millions of dollars

        Resident
Year   households    Business    Government     Total

2004       352,585     177,811        26,631    557,027
2005       375,251     199,380        26,208    600,839
2006       405,254     220,773        27,807    653,834
2007       422,036     231,513        28,369    681,918
2008       405,734     228,482        29,055    663,270
2009       364,533     189,168        29,806    583,507
2010       384,720     194,734        30,109    609,563

                      Percent

        Resident
Year   households    Business    Government

2004          63.3        31.9           4.8
2005          62.5        33.2           4.4
2006          62.0        33.8           4.3
2007          61.9        34.0           4.2
2008          61.2        34.4           4.4
2009          62.5        32.4           5.1
2010          63.1        31.9           4.9

Table K. Travel and Tourism as a Share
of Gross Domestic Product in 2004-2010

               Billions of dollars              Percent

Year   Gross domestic     Tourism value    Tourism value added
        product (GDP)         added         as a share of GDP

2004       11,853              355                 3.00
2005       12,623              376                 2.98
2006       13,377              402                 3.01
2007       14,029              422                 3.01
2008       14,292              399                 2.79
2009       13,939              370                 2.65
2010       14,527              394                 2.71

Table L. Contributions to Growth in Employment
by Tourism Industry in 2006-2011

[Percentage points]

                 Industry                       2006     2007     2008

All tourism industries                          1.88     1.01    -4.24
  Traveler accommodations                       0.22     0.39    -0.02
  Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
    permanent site                              0.00     0.01     0.00
  Food services and drinking places             1.13     0.45    -1.61
  Transportation                                0.05     0.14    -0.44
    Air transportation services                -0.10     0.08    -0.05
    All other transportation-related
      industries                                0.15     0.07    -0.38
      Rail transportation services              0.00     0.01    -0.01
      Water transportation services             0.03    -0.02    -0.03
      Interurban bus transportation            -0.01    -0.01     0.00
      Interurban charter bus transportation    -0.01     0.00     0.01
      Urban transit systems and other
        transportation                          0.05     0.02    -0.07
      Taxi service                              0.06     0.05    -0.04
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                 0.00     0.01     0.00
      Automotive equipment rental and
        leasing                                 0.01     0.03    -0.03
      Automotive repair services                0.00    -0.03    -0.12
      Parking lots and garages                  0.00     0.00     0.01
      Toll highways                            -0.01     0.00     0.00
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                               -0.01     0.01    -0.02
      Petroleum refineries                      0.01     0.00    -0.01
      Gasoline service stations                 0.04    -0.02    -0.06
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping       0.28     0.01    -1.78
    Recreation and entertainment                0.03     0.06    -0.77
      Motion pictures and performing arts      -0.02    -0.02    -0.05
      Spectator sports                          0.00     0.01    -0.13
      Participant sports                        0.15    -0.02    -0.44
      Gambling                                 -0.06     0.08    -0.01
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                          -0.03     0.00    -0.14
    Shopping                                    0.24    -0.05    -1.01
      Industries producing nondurable PCE
        commodities, excluding petroleum
        refineries                              0.00    -0.18    -0.30
      Retail trade services, excluding
        gasoline service stations               0.24     0.13    -0.70
  All other industries                          0.20     0.01    -0.40
    All other industries, excluding
      wholesale trade and transportation
      services                                  0.03     0.00    -0.04
      Wholesale trade and transportation
        services                                0.17     0.01    -0.36

                 Industry                       2009     2010     2011

All tourism industries                         -8.35    -1.44     1.82
  Traveler accommodations                      -1.63     0.34     0.63
  Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
    permanent site                             -0.01    -0.01     0.00
  Food services and drinking places            -3.51     0.89     1.16
  Transportation                               -1.27    -0.68     0.23
    Air transportation services                -0.43    -0.13     0.16
    All other transportation-related
      industries                               -0.83    -0.55     0.07
      Rail transportation services              0.01    -0.03     0.00
      Water transportation services            -0.07    -0.01     0.01
      Interurban bus transportation            -0.01     0.00     0.00
      Interurban charter bus transportation    -0.02    -0.01     0.01
      Urban transit systems and other
        transportation                         -0.08    -0.03     0.01
      Taxi service                             -0.07    -0.04     0.02
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                -0.02     0.00     0.01
      Automotive equipment rental and
        leasing                                -0.22    -0.08     0.04
      Automotive repair services                0.11    -0.24    -0.06
      Parking lots and garages                 -0.01     0.00     0.01
      Toll highways                             0.00     0.00     0.00
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                               -0.39    -0.08     0.00
      Petroleum refineries                      0.00    -0.01     0.00
      Gasoline service stations                -0.07    -0.02     0.01
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      -1.86    -1.53    -0.17
    Recreation and entertainment               -1.21    -0.44    -0.01
      Motion pictures and performing arts      -0.05    -0.02     0.00
      Spectator sports                         -0.15    -0.05     0.02
      Participant sports                       -0.61    -0.30    -0.01
      Gambling                                 -0.17    -0.03    -0.02
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                          -0.23    -0.04     0.00
    Shopping                                   -0.65    -1.09    -0.16
      Industries producing nondurable PCE
        commodities, excluding petroleum
        refineries                             -0.20    -0.30    -0.05
      Retail trade services, excluding
        gasoline service stations              -0.45    -0.79    -0.10
  All other industries                         -0.07    -0.44    -0.04
    All other industries, excluding
      wholesale trade and transportation
      services                                 -0.10     0.02     0.02
      Wholesale trade and transportation
        services                                0.03    -0.46    -0.06

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table M. Direct Employment by Tourism Industry in 2006-2011

[Thousands]

                 Industry                      2006     2007     2008

All tourism industries                         6,022    6,083    5,825
  Traveler accommodations                      1,348    1,371    1,370
  Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
    permanent site                                10       10       10
  Food services and drinking places            1,958    1,985    1,888
  Transportation                               1,164    1,173    1,146
    Air transportation services                  481      485      482
    All other transportation-related
      industries                                 683      687      664
      Rail transportation services                 9        9        8
      Water transportation services               39       38       36
      Interurban bus transportation               20       20       20
      Interurban charter bus transportation       21       21       22
      Urban transit systems and other
        transportation                            56       57       53
      Taxi service                                50       53       51
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                   15       16       16
      Automotive equipment rental and
        leasing                                  113      115      114
      Automotive repair services                  48       47       40
      Parking lots and garages                    14       14       15
      Toll highways                                4        4        4
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                 204      204      203
      Petroleum refineries                         7        8        7
      Gasoline service stations                   82       81       77
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      1,277    1,278    1,169
    Recreation and entertainment                 652      656      609
      Motion pictures and performing arts         28       27       24
      Spectator sports                            76       77       68
      Participant sports                         243      242      215
      Gambling                                   175      180      179
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                            131      130      122
    Shopping                                     625      622      561
      Industries producing nondurable PCE
        commodities, excluding petroleum
        refineries                               172      161      143
      Retail trade services, excluding
        gasoline service stations                453      461      418
  All other industries                           265      266      241
    All other industries, excluding
      wholesale trade and transportation
      services                                    75       75       73
      Wholesale trade and transportation
        services                                 190      190      168

                 Industry                      2009     2010     2011

All tourism industries                         5,339    5,262    5,358
  Traveler accommodations                      1,275    1,293    1,326
  Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
    permanent site                                 9        9        9
  Food services and drinking places            1,683    1,731    1,792
  Transportation                               1,072    1,036    1,048
    Air transportation services                  457      450      458
    All other transportation-related
      industries                                 615      586      590
      Rail transportation services                 9        7        7
      Water transportation services               31       31       31
      Interurban bus transportation               19       19       19
      Interurban charter bus transportation       21       20       21
      Urban transit systems and other
        transportation                            49       47       48
      Taxi service                                46       44       46
      Scenic and sightseeing
        transportation services                   15       15       15
      Automotive equipment rental and
        leasing                                  101       97       99
      Automotive repair services                  46       34       31
      Parking lots and garages                    14       14       15
      Toll highways                                4        4        3
      Travel arrangement and reservation
        services                                 180      176      176
      Petroleum refineries                         7        7        7
      Gasoline service stations                   73       72       72
  Recreation, entertainment, and shopping      1,061      980      971
    Recreation and entertainment                 538      515      514
      Motion pictures and performing arts         21       20       20
      Spectator sports                            60       57       58
      Participant sports                         180      164      163
      Gambling                                   169      168      167
      All other recreation and
        entertainment                            108      106      106
    Shopping                                     523      465      456
      Industries producing nondurable PCE
        commodities, excluding petroleum
        refineries                               131      115      112
      Retail trade services, excluding
        gasoline service stations                392      350      344
  All other industries                           237      214      212
    All other industries, excluding
      wholesale trade and transportation
      services                                    67       68       69
      Wholesale trade and transportation
        services                                 170      146      143

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 1. Production of Commodities by Industry, 2010

[Millions of dollars]

                                                Industry

                                Traveler        Nonfarm        Food
                             accommodations   residential    services
        Commodity                                tenant         and
                                                occupied     drinking
                                               permanent      places
                                                  site

Traveler accommodations             132,852         15,814         825
Food services and
  drinking places                    33,205           ...      549,760
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services              ...            ...         ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                             ...            ...         ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...            ...         ...
Passenger water
  transportation services              ...            ...         ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...            ...         ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                       ...            ...         ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                             ...            ...         ...
Taxi service                           ...            ...         ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services              ...            ...         ...
Automotive rental                      ...            ...         ...
Other vehicle rental                   ...            ...         ...
Automotive repair services             ...            ...         ...
Parking lots and garages               ...            ...         ...
Highway tolls                          ...            ...         ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...            ...         ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...            ...         ...
Spectator sports                       ...            ...         ...
Participant sports                     ...            ...         ...
Gambling                             35,705           ...          771
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        ...            ...        2,420
Gasoline                               ...            ...         ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                          ...            ...         ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                             ...            ...         ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                  ...            ...         ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...            ...         ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                              799           ...        2,132
All other commodities,                                ...
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                             8,131        324,626         157
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                              ...            ...         ...
All other retail trade
  margins                             1,428           ...         ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...            ...         ...

Industry output                     212,120        340,439     556,065
Intermediate inputs                  96,958        128,341     255,198
Value added                         115,161        212,098     300,867
Compensation of employees            61,177         17,575     191,929
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies            19,636         48,040      38,295
Gross operating surplus              34,348        146,483      70,643

                                         Industry

                                  Air              Rail
                             transportation   transportation
        Commodity

Traveler accommodations                ...              ...
Food services and
  drinking places                      ...               105
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            68,932             ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                           55,536             ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...             1,413
Passenger water
  transportation services              ...              ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...              ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                       ...              ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                                3             ...
Taxi service                              1             ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services                 9             ...
Automotive rental                      ...              ...
Other vehicle rental                   ...              ...
Automotive repair services             ...              ...
Parking lots and garages               ...              ...
Highway tolls                          ...              ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...              ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...              ...
Spectator sports                       ...              ...
Participant sports                     ...              ...
Gambling                               ...              ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        ...              ...
Gasoline                               ...              ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                             8              678
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                             ...              ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                 4,528             ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                            5,193           32,101
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...              ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                            24,139           15,955
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                             5,102           27,326
All other retail trade
  margins                                53             ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...              ...

Industry output                     163,505           77,578
Intermediate inputs                  91,659           44,118
Value added                          71,845           33,461
Compensation of employees            44,710           20,003
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies            13,154           -1,160
Gross operating surplus              13,982           14,617

                                         Industry

                                 Water          Interurban
                             transportation        bus
        Commodity                             transportation

Traveler accommodations                ...              ...
Food services and
  drinking places                      ...              ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services              ...              ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                             ...              ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...              ...
Passenger water
  transportation services             8,522             ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...             1,718
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                       ...                48
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                             ...                26
Taxi service                           ...              ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services                12             ...
Automotive rental                      ...              ...
Other vehicle rental                   ...              ...
Automotive repair services             ...              ...
Parking lots and garages               ...              ...
Highway tolls                          ...              ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...              ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...              ...
Spectator sports                       ...              ...
Participant sports                     ...              ...
Gambling                               ...              ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                           2             ...
Gasoline                               ...              ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                           816             ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                             ...              ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                  ...              ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                            2,620             ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...                 2
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                            34,237               37
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                              -233             ...
All other retail trade
  margins                              ...              ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...              ...

Industry output                      45,974            1,831
Intermediate inputs                  22,482              318
Value added                          23,492            1,514
Compensation of employees            12,817            1,174
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies             1,369              123
Gross operating surplus               9,306              216

                                                 Industry

                               Interurban         Urban          Taxi
                                charter          transit       service
        Commodity                 bus            systems
                             transportation     and other
                                              transportation

Traveler accommodations                ...              ...        ...
Food services and
  drinking places                      ...              ...        ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services              ...              ...        ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                             ...              ...        ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...              ...        ...
Passenger water
  transportation services              ...              ...        ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                         18                8       ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                      1,590               46       ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                               62           24,167         65
Taxi service                           ...                20     13,784
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services                79                8       ...
Automotive rental                      ...              ...        ...
Other vehicle rental                   ...              ...        ...
Automotive repair services                6              130          2
Parking lots and garages               ...              ...        ...
Highway tolls                          ...              ...        ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...              ...        ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...              ...        ...
Spectator sports                       ...              ...        ...
Participant sports                     ...              ...        ...
Gambling                               ...              ...        ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        ...              ...        ...
Gasoline                               ...              ...        ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                          ...              ...        ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                             ...              ...        ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                  ...              ...        ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...              ...        ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...                 1       ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                                65            4,599         14
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                              ...              ...           1
All other retail trade
  margins                              ...              ...        ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...              ...        ...

Industry output                       1,819           28,979     13,866
Intermediate inputs                     166            9,182      4,859
Value added                           1,654           19,797      9,006
Compensation of employees             1,345           15,896      2,054
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies                60               29        347
Gross operating surplus                 248            3,872      6,605

                                                 Industry

                               Scenic and     Automotive    Automotive
                              sightseeing      equipment      repair
        Commodity            transportation   rental and     services
                                                leasing

Traveler accommodations                ...           ...           ...
Food services and
  drinking places                      ...           ...           ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services                 2          ...           ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                             ...           ...           ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...           ...           ...
Passenger water
  transportation services                 4          ...           ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...           ...           ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                         19          ...           ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                               14            23          ...
Taxi service                           ...           ...           ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services             3,485          ...           ...
Automotive rental                      ...         32,758            55
Other vehicle rental                   ...            633          ...
Automotive repair services                1          ...         80,574
Parking lots and garages               ...           ...           ...
Highway tolls                          ...           ...           ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...           ...           ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...           ...           ...
Spectator sports                       ...           ...           ...
Participant sports                     ...           ...           ...
Gambling                               ...           ...           ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                           3          ...           ...
Gasoline                               ...           ...           ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                          ...           ...           ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                             ...           ...           ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                  ...           ...           ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...           ...           ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                                6          ...            128
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                                 5        13,512         9,434
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                              ...           ...           ...
All other retail trade
  margins                              ...            195           546
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...           ...           ...

Industry output                       3,539        47,122        90,736
Intermediate inputs                   2,223        16,163        19,438
Value added                           1,316        30,959        71,298
Compensation of employees               651         9,159        43,784
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies               391         6,267         6,929
Gross operating surplus                 274        15,533        20,584

                                          Industry

                              Parking      Toll         Travel
                             lots and    highways    arrangement
        Commodity             garages                    and
                                                     reservation
                                                       services

Traveler accommodations           ...         ...            ...
Food services and
  drinking places                 ...         ...            ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services         ...         ...            ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                        ...         ...            ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services         ...         ...            ...
Passenger water
  transportation services         ...         ...            ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                  ...         ...            ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                  ...         ...            ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                        ...         ...            ...
Taxi service                      ...         ...            ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services         ...         ...            ...
Automotive rental                 ...         ...            ...
Other vehicle rental              ...         ...            ...
Automotive repair services        ...         ...            ...
Parking lots and garages        10,939        ...            ...
Highway tolls                     ...       10,764           ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services            ...         ...         39,989
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                 ...         ...            ...
Spectator sports                  ...         ...            ...
Participant sports                ...         ...            ...
Gambling                          ...         ...            ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                   ...         ...            ...
Gasoline                          ...         ...            ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                     ...         ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                        ...         ...            ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             ...         ...            ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        ...         ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        ...         ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                           24         245           129
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                         ...         ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                         ...         ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                          ...         ...            ...

Industry output                 10,963      11,009        40,117
Intermediate inputs              2,765       3,723        15,378
Value added                      8,198       7,287        24,739
Compensation of employees        4,401       4,756        15,473
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies        1,061                       160
Gross operating surplus          2,736       2,531         9,107

                                            Industry

                               Motion      Spectator    Participant
                              pictures       sports        sports
        Commodity                and
                             performing
                                arts

Traveler accommodations             ...          ...            225
Food services and
  drinking places                    30           13          6,129
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services           ...          ...            ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                          ...          ...            ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services           ...          ...            ...
Passenger water
  transportation services           ...          ...            ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                    ...          ...            ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                    ...          ...            ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                          ...          ...            ...
Taxi service                        ...          ...            ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services           ...          ...            ...
Automotive rental                   ...          ...            ...
Other vehicle rental                ...          ...            ...
Automotive repair services          ...          ...            ...
Parking lots and garages            ...          ...            ...
Highway tolls                       ...          ...            ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services              ...          ...            ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                25,846       20,157            ...
Spectator sports                    ...       21,028            ...
Participant sports                  ...          ...         38,636
Gambling                            ...           14             56
All other recreation and
  entertainment                      60        4,488            245
Gasoline                            ...          ...            ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                       ...          ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                          ...          ...            ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline               ...          ...             11
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                          ...          ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                          234          499            886
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                        36,404       14,395          2,409
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                           ...          ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                           ...          ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                            ...          ...            ...

Industry output                  62,574       60,593         48,596
Intermediate inputs              21,809       27,269         17,509
Value added                      40,765       33,324         31,088
Compensation of employees        14,432       21,328         24,364
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies         3,715        3,467          3,354
Gross operating surplus          22,619        8,529          3,370

                                           Industry

                             Gambling      All other      Petroleum
                                          recreation     refineries
        Commodity                             and
                                         entertainment

Traveler accommodations           ...              81           ...
Food services and
  drinking places               1,570           5,084           ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services         ...             ...           ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                        ...             ...           ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services         ...             ...           ...
Passenger water
  transportation services         ...             ...           ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                  ...             ...           ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                  ...             ...           ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                        ...             ...           ...
Taxi service                      ...             ...           ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services         ...             ...           ...
Automotive rental                 ...             ...           ...
Other vehicle rental              ...             ...           ...
Automotive repair services        ...             ...           ...
Parking lots and garages          ...             ...           ...
Highway tolls                     ...             ...           ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services            ...             ...           ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                 ...             343           ...
Spectator sports                  ...             ...           ...
Participant sports                ...           2,237           ...
Gambling                       33,560           2,159           ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                    65          50,755           ...
Gasoline                          ...             ...       301,732
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                     ...             ...           ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                        ...             ...           ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             ...             ...       241,373
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        ...             ...           ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                         72           2,130           ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                          27           1,648        62,531
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                         ...             ...           928
All other retail trade
  margins                         ...              98           ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                          ...             ...           ...

Industry output                35,293          64,534       606,565
Intermediate inputs             6,984          26,964       460,221
Value added                    28,309          37,571       146,344
Compensation of employees      23,919          20,920        14,381
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies       1,189           5,881         3,183
Gross operating surplus         3,201          10,770       128,780

                                      Industry

                              Industries       Wholesale
                              producing        trade and
        Commodity             nondurable    transportation
                                 PCE           services
                             commodities,
                              excluding
                              petroleum
                              refineries

Traveler accommodations              ...               ...
Food services and
  drinking places                    ...               ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            ...               ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                           ...               ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services            ...               ...
Passenger water
  transportation services            ...               ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...               ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                     ...               ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                           ...               ...
Taxi service                         ...               ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...                 7
Automotive rental                    ...               ...
Other vehicle rental                 ...               ...
Automotive repair services             6             6,102
Parking lots and garages             ...               ...
Highway tolls                        ...               ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services               ...               ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                    ...               ...
Spectator sports                     ...               ...
Participant sports                   ...               ...
Gambling                             ...               ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                    1,073               ...
Gasoline                             ...               ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                        ...            87,412
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                           ...               ...
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline          1,498,157             8,804
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...           558,641
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           162               ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                        815,628           222,626
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                         29,525           649,539
All other retail trade
  margins                            301               ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                             ...               ...

Industry output                2,344,852         1,533,131
Intermediate inputs            1,481,988           585,749
Value added                      862,864           947,382
Compensation of employees        377,628           504,873
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies         45,705           179,164
Gross operating surplus          439,531           263,345

                                    Industry

                             Gasoline      Retail
                              service      trade
        Commodity            stations    services,
                                         excluding
                                          gasoline
                                          service
                                          stations

Traveler accommodations           ...          ...
Food services and
  drinking places               7,920       20,029
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services         ...          ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                        ...          ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services         ...          ...
Passenger water
  transportation services         ...          ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                  ...          ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                  ...          ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                        ...          ...
Taxi service                      ...          ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services         ...          ...
Automotive rental                 ...          691
Other vehicle rental                5          152
Automotive repair services      3,810       78,465
Parking lots and garages          ...          ...
Highway tolls                     ...          ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services            ...          ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                 ...          ...
Spectator sports                  ...          ...
Participant sports                ...          ...
Gambling                          ...          ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                   ...          413
Gasoline                          ...          ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                     ...          ...
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                     50,183       12,471
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             ...       19,795
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        ...          ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                     23,699      635,438
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                       3,829       28,519
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                         ...          ...
All other retail trade
  margins                       1,639      448,491
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                          ...          ...

Industry output                91,085    1,244,465
Intermediate inputs            28,843      421,830
Value added                    62,242      822,635
Compensation of employees      19,693      464,806
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies      14,553      160,962
Gross operating surplus        27,995      196,867

                                      Industry

                              All other     Domestic
                             industries    production
        Commodity                              at
                                           producers'
                                             prices

Traveler accommodations             819       150,616
Food services and
  drinking places                35,901       659,746
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            25        68,959
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                          ...        55,536
Passenger rail
  transportation services           ...         1,413
Passenger water
  transportation services           ...         8,526
Interurban bus
  transportation                      3         1,747
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                     48         1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                          203        24,563
Taxi service                          1        13,806
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            19         3,619
Automotive rental                   361        33,865
Other vehicle rental                ...           791
Automotive repair services          138       169,232
Parking lots and garages          1,034        11,973
Highway tolls                       ...        10,764
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services              ...        39,989
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                   540        46,886
Spectator sports                    ...        21,028
Participant sports                   50        40,923
Gambling                            ...        72,263
All other recreation and
  entertainment                   8,647        68,170
Gasoline                            ...       301,732
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                       ...         88,913
Retail trade margins on
  gasoline                          232         62,886
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline            72,682     1,845,350
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                          ...       598,555
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                       26,462       692,651
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                    17,894,175    19,517,501
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                        28,619       740,808
All other retail trade
  margins                         4,071       456,820
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                            ...           ...

Industry output              18,074,031    25,811,383
Intermediate inputs           7,492,701    11,284,836
Value added                  10,581,330    14,526,547
Compensation of employees     6,047,362     7,980,612
Taxes on production and
  imports, less subsidies       440,802       996,678
Gross operating surplus       4,093,165     5,549,257

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 2. Supply and Consumption of Commodities, 2010
[Millions of dollars]

                                            Supply

                               Domestic                   Change in
Commodity                     production     Imports       private
                                  at                     inventories
                              producers'
                                prices

Traveler accommodations           150,616         ...            ...
Food services and drinking
  places                          659,746         ...            ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services          68,959         ...            ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                         55,536       25,987           ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services           1,413         ...            ...
Passenger water
  transportation services           8,526         ...            ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                    1,747         ...            ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                    1,751         ...            ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                         24,563         ...            ...
Taxi service                       13,806         ...            ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services           3,619         ...            ...
Automotive rental                  33,865         ...            ...
Other vehicle rental                  791         ...            ...
Automotive repair services        169,232         ...            ...
Parking lots and garages           11,973         ...            ...
Highway tolls                      10,764         ...            ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services             39,989         ...            ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                  46,886          297           ...
Spectator sports                   21,028          139           ...
Participant sports                 40,923         ...            ...
Gambling                           72,263         ...            ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                    68,170           10           ...
Gasoline                          301,732       12,708         -1,408
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                      88,913         ...            ...
transportation margins on
  gasoline                         62,886         ...            ...

Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline           1,845,350      528,954         13,680
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        598,555         ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                        692,651         ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                      19,517,501    1,514,866         54,676
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                         740,808         ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                         456,820         ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                                        77,520           ...

Total                          25,811,383    2,160,482         66,947

                                               Supply

                               Wholesale                 Total supply
Commodity                        trade         Retail         at
                              margins and      trade     purchasers'
                             transportation   margins       prices
                                 costs

Traveler accommodations                ...        ...         150,616
Food services and drinking
  places                               ...        ...         659,746
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services              ...        ...          68,959
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                             ...        ...          81,524
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...        ...           1,413
Passenger water
  transportation services              ...        ...           8,526
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...        ...           1,747
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                       ...        ...           1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                             ...        ...          24,563
Taxi service                           ...        ...          13,806
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services              ...        ...           3,619
Automotive rental                      ...        ...          33,865
Other vehicle rental                   ...        ...             791
Automotive repair services             ...        ...         169,232
Parking lots and garages               ...        ...          11,973
Highway tolls                          ...        ...          10,764
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 ...        ...          39,989
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      ...        ...          47,183
Spectator sports                       ...        ...          21,167
Participant sports                     ...        ...          40,923
Gambling                               ...        ...          72,263
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        ...        ...          68,181
Gasoline                             88,913     62,886        467,648
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                          ...        ...            ...
transportation margins on
  gasoline                             ...        ...            ...

Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline               598,555    692,651      3,651,831
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...        ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                             ...        ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                           740,808    456,820     22,175,320
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                              ...        ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                              ...        ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                               ...        ...          77,520

Total                             1,428,276   ########     27,904,918

                                            Consumption

                                     Intermediate
                                                             Personal
Commodity                      Private       Government    consumption
                             expenditures   expenditures   expenditures

Traveler accommodations            49,137          8,787         92,691
Food services and drinking
  places                          110,124         21,999        527,026
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services          12,541          6,701         49,716
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                          7,781            833         43,010
Passenger rail
  transportation services             377            259            777
Passenger water
  transportation services             795           ...           7,732
Interurban bus
  transportation                      114            485          1,149
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                     ...            ...           1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                          3,139          1,314         20,110
Taxi service                        7,915          1,224          4,668
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...            ...           3,619
Automotive rental                  22,091          1,552         10,222
Other vehicle rental                  471              2            319
Automotive repair services         26,250          1,740        141,228
Parking lots and garages            2,404          1,384          8,185
Highway tolls                       1,395            446          8,922
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services             20,479            700         17,159
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                   9,440              5         37,611
Spectator sports                   13,811             58          7,238
Participant sports                  5,897            163         34,862
Gambling                                1             17         72,245
All other recreation and
  entertainment                     3,916          2,163         62,098
Gasoline                          131,685         12,956        321,698
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                        ...            ...            ...
transportation margins on
  gasoline                           ...            ...            ...

Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline           1,022,044        198,445      2,100,756
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                       8,523,358      1,027,877      6,613,767
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                            ...            ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                            ...            ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                           20,561                        56,959

Total                           9,995,725      1,289,111     10,245,518

                                      Consumption

                                Gross        Government
Commodity                      private         final
                                fixed       expenditures
                              investment

Traveler accommodations              ...            ...
Food services and drinking
  places                             ...            ...
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            ...            ...
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                           ...            ...
Passenger rail
  transportation services            ...            ...
Passenger water
  transportation services            ...            ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...            ...
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                     ...            ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                           ...            ...
Taxi service                         ...            ...
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...            ...
Automotive rental                    ...            ...
Other vehicle rental                 ...            ...
Automotive repair services           ...            ...
Parking lots and garages             ...            ...
Highway tolls                        ...            ...
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services               ...            ...
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                    ...            ...
Spectator sports                     ...            ...
Participant sports                   ...            ...
Gambling                             ...            ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                      ...            ...
Gasoline                             ...            ...
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                        ...            ...
transportation margins on
  gasoline                           ...            ...

Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline              42,274          3,752
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                       1,685,907      2,999,046
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                            ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                            ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                             ...            ...

Total                           1,728,181      3,002,798

                                      Consumption

                              Exports of
Commodity                     goods and        Total
                               services     consumption

Traveler accommodations              ...         150,616
Food services and drinking
  places                              597        659,746
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            ...          68,959
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                         29,900         81,524
Passenger rail
  transportation services            ...           1,413
Passenger water
  transportation services            ...           8,526
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...           1,747
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                     ...           1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                           ...          24,563
Taxi service                         ...          13,806
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...           3,619
Automotive rental                    ...          33,865
Other vehicle rental                 ...             791
Automotive repair services             13        169,232
Parking lots and garages             ...          11,973
Highway tolls                        ...          10,764
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services              1,650         39,989
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                     127         47,183
Spectator sports                       60         21,167
Participant sports                   ...          40,923
Gambling                             ...          72,263
All other recreation and
  entertainment                         4         68,181
Gasoline                            1,308        467,648
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on gasoline                        ...            ...
transportation margins on
  gasoline                           ...            ...

Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             284,560      3,651,831
Wholesale trade and
  transportation margins
  on nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...
Retail trade margins on
  nondurable PCE
  commodities other than
  gasoline                           ...            ...
All other commodities,
  except all other trade
  and transportation
  margins                       1,325,365     22,175,320
All other wholesale trade
  and transportation
  margins                            ...            ...
All other retail trade
  margins                            ...            ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                             ...          77,520

Total                           1,643,585     27,904,918

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor, 2010

[Millions of dollars]

         Commodity                Total         Resident     Business
                               consumption     households

Traveler accommodations             150,616         65,177      49,137
Food services and drinking
  places                            659,746         53,108      36,421
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            68,959         40,963      12,541
International passenger air
  transportation services            81,524         43,010       7,781
Passenger rail
  transportation services             1,413            640         377
Passenger water
  transportation services             8,526          8,056        ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                      1,747            947         114
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                      1,751          1,442        ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                           24,563          2,561         404
Taxi service                         13,806          1,288       2,248
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services             3,619          2,982        ...
Automotive rental                    33,865          7,350      22,088
Other vehicle rental                    791            166         471
Automotive repair services          169,232          5,722       2,166
Parking lots and garages             11,973          1,285         385
Highway tolls                        10,764            487          77
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services               39,989         16,500      19,692
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                    47,183          8,189       3,439
Spectator sports                     21,167          1,243       4,906
Participant sports                   40,923          5,569       2,169
Gambling                             72,263         27,979        ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                      68,181         13,934       1,436
Gasoline                            467,648         51,235      19,397
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             3,651,831         67,898      17,266
All other commodities            22,175,320           ...         ...

Total demand less travel by
  U.S. residents abroad          27,827,398        427,729     202,515
Total demand less travel by
  abroad                             77,520         56,959      20,561
Total demand                     27,904,918        484,689     223,075

         Commodity             Government    Nonresidents     Total
                                                             tourism
                                                              demand

Traveler accommodations              8,787          27,514    150,616
Food services and drinking
  places                             7,215          22,509    119,253
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            6,701           8,754     68,959
International passenger air
  transportation services              833          29,900     81,524
Passenger rail
  transportation services              259             137      1,413
Passenger water
  transportation services             ...             ...       8,056
Interurban bus
  transportation                       485             202      1,747
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                      ...              308      1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                             169             227      3,362
Taxi service                           348             133      4,016
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services             ...              637      3,619
Automotive rental                    1,552             538     31,528
Other vehicle rental                     2             137        776
Automotive repair services             147           1,015      9,049
Parking lots and garages               221             148      2,039
Highway tolls                           25              96        684
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 674           1,650     38,516
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                     ...            1,172     12,801
Spectator sports                      ...              376      6,525
Participant sports                    ...              638      8,376
Gambling                              ...            8,867     36,845
All other recreation and
  entertainment                       ...            1,150     16,519
Gasoline                             1,313           2,311     74,256
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                2,212          24,919    112,295
All other commodities                 ...             ...        ...

Total demand less travel by
  U.S. residents abroad             30,943         133,340    794,527
Total demand less travel by
  abroad                              ...             ...      77,520
Total demand                        30,943         133,340    872,047

         Commodity              Nontourism     Tourism
                                  demand      commodity
                                                ratio

Traveler accommodations                ...          1.00
Food services and drinking
  places                            540,492         0.18
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services              ...          1.00
International passenger air
  transportation services              ...          1.00
Passenger rail
  transportation services              ...          1.00
Passenger water
  transportation services               470         0.94
Interurban bus
  transportation                       ...          1.00
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                       ...          1.00
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                           21,200         0.14
Taxi service                          9,790         0.29
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services              ...          1.00
Automotive rental                     2,336         0.93
Other vehicle rental                     15         0.98
Automotive repair services          160,183         0.05
Parking lots and garages              9,934         0.17
Highway tolls                        10,080         0.06
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                1,473         0.96
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                    34,382         0.27
Spectator sports                     14,642         0.31
Participant sports                   32,546         0.20
Gambling                             35,418         0.51
All other recreation and
  entertainment                      51,661         0.24
Gasoline                            393,391         0.16
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline             3,539,535         0.03
All other commodities            22,175,320         0.00

Total demand less travel by
  U.S. residents abroad          27,032,871         ...
Total demand less travel by
  abroad                               ...          1.00
Total demand                     27,032,871         ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3a. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor (Unadjusted for
Travel Arrangement Commissions), 2010

[Millions of dollars]

         Commodity               Total        Resident     Business
                              consumption    households

Traveler accommodations            151,426        65,527      49,402
Food services and drinking
  places                           659,746        53,108      36,421
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services           69,998        41,580      12,730
International passenger air
  transportation services           82,914        43,743       7,913
Passenger rail
  transportation services            1,899           860         507
Passenger water
  transportation services            8,606         8,136        ...
Interurban bus
  transportation                     1,747           947         114
Interurban bus
  transportation                     1,753         1,444        ...
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                          24,563         2,561         404
Taxi service                        13,811         1,289       2,250
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            3,657         3,013        ...
Automotive rental                   33,924         7,364      22,130
Other vehicle rental                   791           166         471
Automotive repair services         169,232         5,722       2,166
Parking lots and garages            11,973         1,285         385
Highway tolls                       10,764           487          77
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services              36,061        13,982      18,537
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                   47,349         8,295       3,484
Spectator sports                    21,506         1,308       5,161
Participant sports                  40,923         5,569       2,169
Gambling                            72,263        27,979        ...
All other recreation and
  entertainment                     68,237        13,981       1,441
Gasoline                           467,648        51,235      19,397
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline            3,651,831        67,898      17,266
All other commodities           22,175,320          ...         ...

Total demand less travel
  by U.S. residents abroad      27,827,941       427,479     202,425
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                            77,861        57,210      20,651
Total demand                    27,905,802       484,689     223,075

         Commodity            Government    Nonresidents      Total
                                                             tourism
                                                              demand

Traveler accommodations             8,834          27,662      151,426
Food services and drinking
  places                            7,215          22,509      119,253
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services           6,802           8,885       69,998
International passenger air
  transportation services             848          30,410       82,914
Passenger rail
  transportation services             348             184        1,899
Passenger water
  transportation services            ...             ...         8,136
Interurban bus
  transportation                      485             202        1,747
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...              309        1,753
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                            169             227        3,362
Taxi service                          348             134        4,021
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...              644        3,657
Automotive rental                   1,554             539       31,588
Other vehicle rental                    2             137          776
Automotive repair services            147           1,015        9,049
Parking lots and garages              221             148        2,039
Highway tolls                          25              96          684
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                419           1,650       34,588
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                    ...            1,188       12,966
Spectator sports                     ...              396        6,864
Participant sports                   ...              638        8,376
Gambling                             ...            8,867       36,845
All other recreation and
  entertainment                      ...            1,153       16,576
Gasoline                            1,313           2,311       74,256
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline               2,212          24,919      112,295
All other commodities                ...             ...          ...

Total demand less travel
  by U.S. residents abroad         30,943         134,224      795,069
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                             ...             ...        77,861
Total demand                       30,943         134,224      872,930

         Commodity            Nontourism     Tourism
                                demand      commodity
                                              ratio

Traveler accommodations              ...          1.00
Food services and drinking
  places                          540,492         0.18
Domestic passenger air
  transportation services            ...          1.00
International passenger air
  transportation services            ...          1.00
Passenger rail
  transportation services            ...          1.00
Passenger water
  transportation services             470         0.95
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...          1.00
Interurban bus
  transportation                     ...          1.00
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                         21,200         0.14
Taxi service                        9,790         0.29
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services            ...          1.00
Automotive rental                   2,336         0.93
Other vehicle rental                   15         0.98
Automotive repair services        160,183         0.05
Parking lots and garages            9,934         0.17
Highway tolls                      10,080         0.06
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services              1,473         0.96
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                  34,382         0.27
Spectator sports                   14,642         0.32
Participant sports                 32,546         0.20
Gambling                           35,418         0.51
All other recreation and
  entertainment                    51,661         0.24
Gasoline                          393,391         0.16
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline           3,539,535         0.03
All other commodities          22,175,320         0.00

Total demand less travel
  by U.S. residents abroad     27,032,871         ...
Travel by U.S. residents
  abroad                             ...          1.00
Total demand                   27,032,871         ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 4. Output and Value Added by Industry, 2010

[Millions of dollars]

                               Industry    Intermediate       Value
         Industry               output      consumption       added

Traveler accommodations          212,120          96,958       115,161
Nonfarm residential tenant
  occupied permanent site
  real estate                    340,439         128,341       212,098
Food services and drinking
  places                         556,065         255,198       300,867
Air transportation services      163,505          91,659        71,845
Rail transportation
  services                        77,578          44,118        33,461
Water transportation
  services                        45,974          22,482        23,492
Interurban bus
  transportation                   1,831             318         1,514
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                   1,819             166         1,654
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation            28,979           9,182        19,797
Taxi service                      13,866           4,859         9,006
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation                   3,539           2,223         1,316
Automotive equipment
  rental and leasing              47,122          16,163        30,959
Automotive repair services        90,736          19,438        71,298
Parking                           10,963           2,765         8,198
Toll highways                     11,009           3,723         7,287
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services            40,117          15,378        24,739
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                 62,574          21,809        40,765
Spectator sports                  60,593          27,269        33,324
Participant sports                48,596          17,509        31,088
Gambling                          35,293           6,984        28,309
All other recreation and
  entertainment                   64,534          26,964        37,571
Petroleum refineries             606,565         460,221       146,344
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities, excluding
  petroleum refineries         2,344,852       1,481,988       862,864
Wholesale trade and
  transportation services      1,533,131         585,749       947,382
Gasoline service stations         91,085          28,843        62,242
Retail trade services,
  excluding gasoline
  service stations             1,244,465         421,830       822,635
All other industries          18,074,031       7,492,701    10,581,330
Total                         25,811,383      11,284,836    14,526,547

                               Tourism
                              industry     Tourism
         Industry               ratio      output

Traveler accommodations            0.74     157,083
Nonfarm residential tenant
  occupied permanent site
  real estate                      0.05      15,814
Food services and drinking
  places                           0.18     101,242
Air transportation services        0.76     124,778
Rail transportation
  services                         0.03       2,527
Water transportation
  services                         0.18       8,275
Interurban bus
  transportation                   0.97       1,770
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                   0.93       1,696
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation             0.12       3,383
Taxi service                       0.29       4,019
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation                   0.99       3,513
Automotive equipment
  rental and leasing               0.66      31,122
Automotive repair services         0.05       4,363
Parking                            0.17       1,863
Toll highways                      0.06         684
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services             0.96      38,516
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                  0.11       7,039
Spectator sports                   0.22      13,063
Participant sports                 0.19       9,356
Gambling                           0.49      17,413
All other recreation and
  entertainment                    0.23      15,015
Petroleum refineries               0.09      55,334
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities, excluding
  petroleum refineries             0.02      46,334
Wholesale trade and
  transportation services          0.02      31,662
Gasoline service stations          0.11      10,338
Retail trade services,
  excluding gasoline
  service stations                 0.02      30,838
All other industries               0.00      13,289
Total                              ...      750,327

                                 Tourism      Tourism
                              intermediate     value
         Industry              consumption     added

Traveler accommodations              71,802     85,282
Nonfarm residential tenant
  occupied permanent site
  real estate                         5,962      9,852
Food services and drinking
  places                             46,464     54,779
Air transportation services          69,949     54,829
Rail transportation
  services                            1,437      1,090
Water transportation
  services                            4,046      4,228
Interurban bus
  transportation                        307      1,463
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                        154      1,541
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation                1,072      2,311
Taxi service                          1,408      2,610
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation                      2,207      1,307
Automotive equipment
  rental and leasing                 10,675     20,447
Automotive repair services              935      3,428
Parking                                 470      1,393
Toll highways                           231        452
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services               14,764     23,752
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                     2,453      4,586
Spectator sports                      5,879      7,184
Participant sports                    3,371      5,985
Gambling                              3,446     13,967
All other recreation and
  entertainment                       6,273      8,741
Petroleum refineries                 41,983     13,350
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities, excluding
  petroleum refineries               29,284     17,050
Wholesale trade and
  transportation services            12,097     19,565
Gasoline service stations             3,273      7,064
Retail trade services,
  excluding gasoline
  service stations                   10,453     20,385
All other industries                  5,509      7,780
Total                               355,905    394,422

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 5. Output by Commodity, 2010

[Millions of dollars]

          Commodity                Domestic      Tourism      Direct
                                  production    commodity     tourism
                                      at          ratio       output
                                 purchasers'
                                    prices

Traveler accommodations               150,616         1.00     150,616
Food services and drinking
  places                              659,746         0.18     119,253
Food services and drinking
  transportation services              68,959         1.00      68,959
International passenger air
  transportation services              55,536         1.00      55,536
Passenger rail transportation
  services                              1,413         1.00       1,413
Passenger water transportation
  services                              8,526         0.94       8,056
Interurban bus transportation           1,747         1.00       1,747
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                        1,751         1.00       1,751
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                             24,563         0.14       3,362
Taxi service                           13,806         0.29       4,016
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services               3,619         1.00       3,619
Automotive rental                      33,865         0.93      31,528
Other vehicle rental                      791         0.98         776
Automotive repair services            169,232         0.05       9,049
Parking lots and garages               11,973         0.17       2,039
Highway tolls                          10,764         0.06         684
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 39,989         0.96      38,516
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                      46,886         0.27      12,720
Spectator sports                       21,028         0.31       6,482
Participant sports                     40,923         0.20       8,376
Gambling                               72,263         0.51      36,845
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        68,170         0.24      16,517
Gasoline                              453,532         0.16      72,015
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline               3,136,556         0.03      96,450

Total                               5,096,254         0.15     750,327

          Commodity                 Total         Total
                                  commodity      tourism-
                                    output       related
                                  multiplier      output

Traveler accommodations                  1.58      237,737
Food services and drinking
  places                                 1.74      207,466
Food services and drinking
  transportation services                1.66      114,176
International passenger air
  transportation services                1.66       91,951
Passenger rail transportation
  services                               1.78        2,512
Passenger water transportation
  services                               1.94       15,637
Interurban bus transportation            1.56        2,724
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                         1.56        2,729
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation
  services                               1.56        5,241
Taxi service                             1.56        6,260
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services                1.54        5,559
Automotive rental                        1.42       44,779
Other vehicle rental                     1.42        1,102
Automotive repair services               1.61       14,533
Parking lots and garages                 1.61        3,275
Highway tolls                            1.83        1,249
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                   1.52       58,699
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                        1.63       20,702
Spectator sports                         1.64       10,641
Participant sports                       1.61       13,505
Gambling                                 1.61       59,405
All other recreation and
  entertainment                          1.63       26,957
Gasoline                                 1.65      118,972
Nondurable PCE commodities
  other than gasoline                    2.04      196,864

Total                                    1.68    1,262,675

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 6. Employment and Compensation of Employees by Industry, 2010

                            Total
      Industry           employment     Compensation     Tourism
                        (thousands of   (millions of     industry
                         employees)       dollars)        ratio

Traveler
  accommodations                1,746          61,177         0.74
Nonfarm residential
  tenant occupied
  permanent site                  189          17,575         0.05
Food services and
  drinking places               9,506         191,929         0.18
Air transportation
  services                        590          44,710         0.76
Rail transportation
  services                        220          20,003         0.03
Water transportation
  services                        170          12,817         0.18
Interurban bus
  transportation                   20           1,174         0.97
Interurban charter
  bus transportation               22           1,345         0.93
Urban transit systems
  and other
  transportation                  403          15,896         0.12
Taxi service                      153           2,054         0.29
Scenic and
  sightseeing
  transportation
  services                         15             651         0.99
Automotive equipment
  rental and leasing              147           9,159         0.66
Automotive repair
  services                        697          43,784         0.05
Parking lots and
  garages                          85           4,401         0.17
Toll highways                      56           4,756         0.06
Travel arrangement
  and reservation
  services                        183          15,473         0.96
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                 179          14,432         0.11
Spectator sports                  264          21,328         0.22
Participant sports                852          24,364         0.19
Gambling                          340          23,919         0.49
All other recreation
  and entertainment               456          20,920         0.23
Petroleum refineries               76          14,381         0.09
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities,
  excluding petroleum
  refineries                    5,820         377,628         0.02
Wholesale trade and
  transportation
  services                      7,061         504,873         0.02
Gasoline service
  stations                        635          19,693         0.11
Retail trade
  services, excluding
  gasoline service
  stations                     14,108         464,806         0.02
All other industries           92,351       6,047,362         0.00
Total                         136,342       7,980,612         ...

                           Tourism          Tourism         Average
      Industry            employment     compensation    compensation
                          (thousands       (millions      per tourism
                        of employees)     of dollars)      employee

Traveler
  accommodations                 1,293          45,304          35,031
Nonfarm residential
  tenant occupied
  permanent site                     9             816          93,121
Food services and
  drinking places                1,731          34,944          20,190
Air transportation
  services                         450          34,120          75,831
Rail transportation
  services                           7             652          91,052
Water transportation
  services                          31           2,307          75,540
Interurban bus
  transportation                    19           1,135          58,656
Interurban charter
  bus transportation                20           1,254          61,901
Urban transit systems
  and other
  transportation                    47           1,856          39,484
Taxi service                        44             595          13,456
Scenic and
  sightseeing
  transportation
  services                          15             646          44,100
Automotive equipment
  rental and leasing                97           6,049          62,478
Automotive repair
  services                          34           2,105          62,841
Parking lots and
  garages                           14             748          51,852
Toll highways                        4             295          84,231
Travel arrangement
  and reservation
  services                         176          14,855          84,604
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                   20           1,623          80,436
Spectator sports                    57           4,598          80,881
Participant sports                 164           4,691          28,588
Gambling                           168          11,801          70,357
All other recreation
  and entertainment                106           4,867          45,891
Petroleum refineries                 7           1,312         189,600
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities,
  excluding petroleum
  refineries                       115           7,462          64,887
Wholesale trade and
  transportation
  services                         146          10,427          71,498
Gasoline service
  stations                          72           2,235          31,035
Retail trade
  services, excluding
  gasoline service
  stations                         350          11,518          32,945
All other industries                68           4,446          65,482
Total                            5,262         212,663

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 7. Employment by Industry, 2010

[Thousands of employees]

          Industry               Direct         Total         Total
                                 tourism      industry      tourism-
                               employment    employment      related
                                             multiplier    employment

Traveler accommodations              1,293          1.31         1,697
Nonfarm residential tenant
  occupied permanent site                9          2.02            18
Food services and drinking
  places                             1,731          1.18         2,045
Air transportation services            450          1.70           763
Rail transportation services             7          2.40            17
Water transportation
  services                              31          3.32           101
Interurban bus
  transportation                        19          1.45            28
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                        20          1.45            29
Urban transit systems and
  other transportation                  47          1.51            71
Taxi service                            44          1.45            64
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation services               15          1.75            26
Automotive equipment rental
  and leasing                           97          1.92           186
Automotive repair services              34          1.47            49
Parking lots and garages                14          1.96            28
Toll highways                            4          1.92             7
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services                 176          1.41           247
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                       20          1.94            39
Spectator sports                        57          1.93           109
Participant sports                     164          1.19           196
Gambling                               168          1.59           266
All other recreation and
  entertainment                        106          1.41           150
Petroleum refineries                     7          4.20            29
Industries producing
  nondurable PCE
  commodities, excluding
  petroleum refineries                 115          2.86           329
Wholesale trade and
  transportation services              146          1.67           244
Gasoline service stations               72          1.23            88
Retail trade services,
  excluding gasoline
  service stations                     350          1.23           429
All other industries                    68          1.91           129
Total                                5,262                       7,386

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 8. Real Tourism Output, 2010

                                                          Real output
       Commodity             Direct                      (Millions of
                             output                         chained
                          (Millions of     Chain-type       (2005)
                            dollars)      price index      dollars)

Traveler accommodations         150,616          106.1         141,936
Food services and
  drinking places               119,253          117.5         101,529
Domestic passenger air
  transportation
  services                       68,959          119.7          57,619
International passenger
  air transportation
  services                       55,536          120.9          45,924
Passenger rail
  transportation
  services                        1,413          119.0           1,187
Passenger water
  transportation
  services                        8,056           89.4           9,008
Interurban bus
  transportation                  1,747          125.0           1,398
Interurban charter bus
  transportation                  1,751          111.2           1,574
Urban transit systems
  and other
  transportation
  services                        3,362          117.2           2,869
Taxi service                      4,016          119.4           3,363
Scenic and sightseeing
  transportation
  services                        3,619          111.2           3,254
Automotive rental                31,528          128.1          24,613
Other vehicle rental                776          114.5             678
Automotive repair
  services                        9,049          119.8           7,555
Parking lots and
  garages                         2,039          126.1           1,616
Highway tolls                       684          130.2             525
Travel arrangement and
  reservation services           38,516          107.5          35,816
Motion pictures and
  performing arts                12,720          113.0          11,253
Spectator sports                  6,482          120.2           5,394
Participant sports                8,376          105.1           7,968
Gambling                         36,845          111.8          32,953
All other recreation
  and entertainment              16,517          114.0          14,491
Gasoline                         72,015          124.6          57,794
Nondurable PCE
  commodities other
  than gasoline                  96,450          111.0          86,889
Total                           750,327          114.6         654,881

PCE Personal consumption expenditures