Territorial economic accounts for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands: new estimates of GDP for 2010 and new estimates of GDP by industry, compensation by industry, and detailed consumer spending for 2002-2010.

Hamano, Aya

IN COLLABORATION with the Department of the Interior's Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) and with staff from the territorial governments, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) produces annual economic accounts for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The OIA provides funding for the work and facilitates interactions between BEA and the territorial governments. (1)

The purpose of this ongoing project is to provide data users with a comprehensive, objective measure of economic activity for these four U.S. territories. Consistent measures of economic activity are critical for understanding the territorial economies and how they have developed over time. Without such measures, it is difficult for businesses and governments to make informed economic and financial planning decisions and for policymakers to assess the impact of their decisions on growth. For the United States, BEA produces gross domestic product (GDP) and other related economic measures as part of its national income and product accounts (NIPAs); however, these estimates cover only the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Transactions with the territories are classified as transactions with the "rest-of-the-world."

In previous years, BEA published estimates of GDP and its major components for these four territories. This year, BEA released new estimates of GDP for 2010 and expanded the accounts to include annual GDP by industry statistics? The estimates of GDP by industry provide additional information on economic growth and complement the GDP estimates that have been published in past releases. While the GDP estimates show how much the entire economy has grown (or contracted), the GDP by industry statistics show how major industries in each territory have contributed to that growth. Annual estimates of compensation by industry and more detailed estimates of consumer spending were also published for the first time. These additional statistics cover the period 2002-2010, the same period for which estimates of GDP have been published.

The estimates that were released this year show that the economies of all four territories grew in 2010. Real GDP for the United States (which excludes the territories) also grew in 2010. Highlights of the estimates for 2010 include the following:

* Government spending continued to play a large role in the economies of all four territories? In current dollars, government spending accounted for over 25 percent of GDP in 2010 in each of the four territories. Government spending was particularly notable in Guam, where it accounted for over 60 percent of GDP; over half of this spending was by the federal government.

* The tourism industry continued to play a significant role in the economies of the CNMI, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands; spending by tourists accounted for the majority of exports of services. In 2010, the tourism industry turned up in the CNMI and in Guam but continued to contract in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

* The private sector contributed positively to economic growth in American Samoa, the CNMI, and the U.S. Virgin Islands but contributed negatively to economic growth in Guam.

* Compensation of employees increased in Guam, the CNMI, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, reflecting increases in compensation of workers in both the private and public sectors. In American Samoa, compensation of government employees increased, but private sector compensation fell significantly.

The estimates of GDP for each territory (including the new detailed estimates of consumer spending) are presented in further detail in this article and in the accompanying tables. Revised estimates of GDP for 2002-2009 are also shown; these estimates incorporated improved source data and methodologies. GDP by industry and compensation by industry are also presented separately for each territory; the industry detail shown varies depending on the territory.

The methods used to derive the estimates of GDP and GDP by industry are summarized in the appendix "Summary of Methodologies."

[GRAPHIC 1 OMITTED]

(1.) OIA is the federal agency that manages the federal government's relations with the governments of American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It works with these territories to encourage economic development, transparency of government, financial stability, and accountability.

(2.) BEA released these estimates during separate visits to the four territories that took place between September and October of 2012. Individual news releases for each of the territories are available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov/national/gdp_territory.htm.

(3.) In this article, "consumer spending" refers to "personal consumption expenditures," "inventory investment" refers to "change in private inventories," and "government spending" refers to "government consumption expenditures and gross investment." Private inventory investment for the CNMI and Guam is assumed to be negligible, so it is not shown in the tables.

American Samoa

American Samoa's economy grew in 2010 after declining for 2 years. Real GDP increased 1.3 percent, reflecting increases in territorial government spending and in private fixed investment, including construction.

Following the September 2009 earthquake and tsunami, the American Samoan government significantly increased its spending, including hiring temporary workers for cleanup and recovery operations. Construction activity increased as homes and other structures damaged or destroyed by the natural disaster were repaired and rebuilt. (1)

Economic growth was tempered by a decline in exports of goods and services that was only partly offset by a decline in imports. (2) American Samoa's exports of goods, which consisted overwhelmingly of exports of the tuna canning industry, were a major contributor to the decline in total exports in 2010. The decline in the exports of the tuna canning industry reflected the closure of one of the territory's two tuna canneries in the third quarter of 2009.

Consumer spending continued to be a drag on the American Samoa economy in 2010, declining for the 6th consecutive year. The new detailed estimates of consumer spending show that for 2010, spending fell on both goods and services. Net foreign travel, calculated as spending by American Samoan residents abroad less spending by nonresidents in American Samoa, also contributed to the decline in consumer spending, as spending by visitors to the territory outpaced that of residents traveling abroad.

The GDP by industry estimates show that the private sector and the government sector contributed positively to the growth of the economy in 2010. However, within the private sector, real value added in the manufacturing sector (primarily tuna canning) fell by almost 13 percent.

Total compensation fell in 2010, reflecting a decline in private sector compensation. Private sector compensation fell largely as a result of the tuna cannery closure in 2009. Territorial government compensation, which includes the compensation paid to temporary workers following the earthquake and tsunami, continued to increase in 2010.

Improvements to the estimates for 2002-2009 include the following:

* The incorporation of newly available data for food sold by farms and for food produced and consumed on farms from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 2008 Census of Agriculture.

* The incorporation of newly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau, including population and housing information from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and wage and salary data for 2008 and 2009 from County Business Patterns.

* The incorporation of newly available source data for territorial government spending from government financial statements for fiscal year 2010.

The pattern of growth in the revised estimates is similar to that of the previously published estimates. In both the revised and the published estimates, real GDP decreased in 2006, 2008, and 2009 and increased in all other years. The largest revision to real GDP was for 2009 and reflected an upward revision to territorial government spending that was based on the incorporation of information from the American Samoan government's fiscal year 2010 financial statements.

(1.) GDP, as a measure of an economy's current production of goods and services, is not affected directly by destruction of property caused by natural disasters, except to the extent that it affects production capacity. (The resulting loss of property does have a direct impact on balance sheets.) However, GDP is affected indirectly by the actions that consumers, businesses, and governments take in response to the natural disaster, such as increases in government spending for cleanup and recovery operations and increases in construction activity to rebuild damaged assets.

(2.) Imports are a subtraction in the calculation of GDR

Table A.1.1. Gross Domestic Product
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 549 561 545 550 544
Personal consumption expenditures 312 332 356 367 373
 Goods 155 166 185 189 190
 Durable goods 20 21 26 24 23
 Nondurable goods 135 145 159 165 167
 Services 156 164 172 181 184
 Net foreign travel 1 1 -1 -3 -1
Private fixed investment 12 12 17 21 20
Change in private inventories 5 9 8 -6 -3
Net exports of goods and services -18 -41 -86 -81 -95
 Exports 527 522 470 507 504
 Goods 503 495 442 480 477
 Services 25 27 28 27 26
 Imports 545 563 555 589 599
 Goods 487 494 488 525 533
 Services 58 69 68 64 66
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 238 249 250 250 250
 Federal 10 20 26 24 19
 Territorial 227 229 224 225 231

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 571 609 714 615
Personal consumption expenditures 378 402 397 412
 Goods 194 210 203 213
 Durable goods 23 28 23 24
 Nondurable goods 171 183 180 188
 Services 185 194 199 205
 Net foreign travel -1 -3 -4 -6
Private fixed investment 21 20 17 22
Change in private inventories -8 -17 -6 -7
Net exports of goods and services -66 -65 4 -136
 Exports 512 646 536 366
 Goods 488 621 509 338
 Services 24 25 26 27
 Imports 578 711 532 502
 Goods 515 641 472 442
 Services 62 70 60 60
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 245 268 303 325
 Federal 17 21 28 21
 Territorial 228 247 275 305

NOTE. Detail may not add to total, because of rounding.

Table A.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 545 548 548
Personal consumption expenditures 347 356 371
 Goods 172 179 193
 Durable goods 22 23 27
 Nondurable goods 150 156 166
 Services 175 176 178
 Net foreign travel 1 0 0
Private fixed investment 14 14 18
Change in private inventories 6 10 8
Net exports of goods and services -91 -107 -107
 Exports 590 577 485
 Goods 560 547 456
 Services 31 30 30
 Imports 681 684 592
 Goods 609 606 520
 Services 73 79 72
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 263 270 258
 Federal 13 23 29
 Territorial 249 246 229
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 60.8 62.6 64.1
 Per capita real GDP (chained dollars) 8,964 8,754 8,549

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 550 529 536
Personal consumption expenditures 367 362 356
 Goods 189 185 183
 Durable goods 24 22 22
 Nondurable goods 165 162 161
 Services 181 179 175
 Net foreign travel -3 -2 -1
Private fixed investment 21 20 20
Change in private inventories -6 -3 -7
Net exports of goods and services -81 -88 -62
 Exports 507 474 479
 Goods 480 448 456
 Services 27 26 23
 Imports 589 562 541
 Goods 525 497 479
 Services 64 65 63
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 250 239 228
 Federal 24 18 16
 Territorial 225 221 212
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 65.5 64.8 64.8
 Per capita real GDP (chained dollars) 8,397 8,164 8,272

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 527 510 517
Personal consumption expenditures 352 348 345
 Goods 183 173 172
 Durable goods 23 19 20
 Nondurable goods 159 153 152
 Services 171 178 177
 Net foreign travel -2 -3 -4
Private fixed investment 20 17 23
Change in private inventories -11 -7 -6
Net exports of goods and services -75 -104 -109
 Exports 475 374 313
 Goods 452 352 291
 Services 22 24 23
 Imports 550 478 422
 Goods 486 420 367
 Services 64 59 56
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 243 273 290
 Federal 18 25 18
 Territorial 224 249 273
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 65.1 62.4 55.5
 Per capita real GDP (chained dollars) 8,095 8,173 9,315

(1.) BEA estimates based on U.S. Census Bureaus Census of Population
and Housing and American Samoa Statistical yearbook.

Table A.1.3. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.1 0.2 -3.7
Personal consumption expenditures 2.5 4.2 -1.0 -1.3
 Goods 4.3 7.4 -2.0 -2.2
 Durable goods 4.1 17.0 -12.3 -5.5
 Nondurable goods 4.3 5.9 -0.3 -1.7
 Services 0.7 1.4 1.2 -0.9
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment 0.7 32.0 14.1 -6.0
Change in private inventories ... ... ... ...
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports -2.2 -16.0 4.6 -6.6
 Goods -2.3 -16.7 5.4 -6.8
 Services -0.6 -2.7 -8.6 -3.2
 Imports 0.5 -13.5 -0.5 -4.5
 Goods -0.5 -14.2 1.0 -5.3
 Services 8.2 -8.7 -11.2 1.7
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 2.6 -4.4 -3.1 -4.4
 Federal 85.1 22.7 -14.2 -26.3
 Territorial -1.3 -0.8 -1.8 -2.0
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 0.6 0.5 0.7 -3.1

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 1.2 -1.7 -3.1 1.3
Personal consumption expenditures -1.6 -1.2 -1.1 -0.7
 Goods -1.1 0.0 -5.4 -0.4
 Durable goods -2.9 7.8 -17.4 2.3
 Nondurable goods -0.9 -1.0 -3.6 -0.7
 Services -2.4 -1.8 3.9 -0.4
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment 3.3 -0.4 -15.6 32.3
Change in private inventories ... ... ... ...
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports 1.1 -0.9 -21.2 -16.4
 Goods 1.8 -0.7 -22.2 -17.2
 Services -10.2 -4A 4.8 -2.6
 Imports -3.7 1.7 -13.1 -11.8
 Goods -3.7 1.6 -13.7 -12.5
 Services -4.0 3.1 -8.0 -6.3
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -4.5 6.5 12.6 6.3
 Federal -13.4 17.3 33.8 -28.3
 Territorial -3.7 5.6 10.8 9.8
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 1.7 -2.1 -4.7 ...

Table A.1.4 Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.1 0.2 -3.7
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures 1.42 2.54 -0.66 -0.87
 Goods 1.22 2.26 -0.68 -0.76
 Durable goods 0.15 0.67 -0.59 -0.24
 Nondurable goods 1.07 1.59 -0.09 -0.52
 Services 0.22 0.43 0.39 -0.30
 Net foreign travel -0.01 -0.15 -0.37 0.19
Private fixed investment 0.01 0.73 0.46 -0.23
Change in private inventories 0.63 -0.37 -2.64 0.72
Net exports of goods and services -2.58 -0.81 4.55 -1.28
 Exports -2.12 -15.68 4.02 -0.23
 Goads -2.09 -15.54 4.47 -0.07
 Services -0.03 -0.14 -0.45 -0.16
 Imports -0.46 14.87 0.53 4.94
 Goods 0.45 13.74 -0.90 5.13
 Services -0.91 1.13 1.43 -0.19
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 1.11 -2.04 -1.46 -2.04
 Federal 1.63 0.86 -0.72 -1.19
 Territorial -0.52 -2.90 -0.75 -0.85

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 1.2 -1.7 -3.1 1.3
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures -1.11 -0.81 -0.65 -0.42
 Goods -0.39 0.02 -1.70 -0.12
 Durable goods -0.12 0.32 -0.72 0.08
 Nondurable goods -0.27 -0.31 -0.98 -0.20
 Services -0.80 -0.59 1.11 -0.12
 Net foreign travel 0.08 -0.23 -0.06 -0.19
Private fixed investment 0.12 -0.02 -0.47 0.83
Change in private inventories -0.84 -0.91 0.84 0.05
Net exports of goods and services 5.07 -2.65 -7.83 -2.13
 Exports 1.04 -0.83 -20.78 -12.16
 Goads 1.54 -0.64 -20.96 -12.06
 Services -0.49 -0.19 0.18 -0.11
 Imports 4.02 -1.82 12.95 10.03
 Goods 3.56 -1.48 12.15 9.43
 Services 0.47 -0.34 0.80 0.60
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -2.05 2.71 5.01 2.93
 Federal -0.48 0.52 1.06 -1.25
 Territorial -1.58 2.19 3.95 4.18

Table A.1.5. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 1.6 -2.8 0.6 2.8
Personal consumption expenditures 3.7 3.1 4.1 2.9

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 3.7 8.5 21.0 -14.9
Personal consumption expenditures 3.1 7.6 -0.1 4.4

Table A.2.1 Value Added by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 549 561 545 550 544
Private industries 425 428 399 392 388
 Manufacturing 109 108 79 68 67
 Nonmanufacturing 316 320 320 324 321
Government 124 133 146 158 156
 Federal 8 11 16 22 16
 Territorial 115 122 130 136 140

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 571 609 714 615
Private industries 413 446 547 445
 Manufacturing 77 112 163 41
 Nonmanufacturing 336 334 384 404
Government 158 163 168 170
 Federal 14 17 19 17
 Territorial 144 146 149 153

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table A.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 545 548 548 550 529
Private industries 408 405 401 392 380
 Manufacturing 65 64 61 68 66
 Nonmanufacturing 343 341 341 324 315
Government 136 143 148 158 149
 Federal 10 13 18 22 15
 Territorial 125 130 130 136 134

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 536 527 510 517
Private industries 387 375 360 365
 Manufacturing 68 68 54 47
 Nonmanufacturing 319 307 316 333
Government 149 152 151 153
 Federal 13 15 16 14
 Territorial 136 137 135 139

Table A.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.1 0.2 -0.7
Private industries -0.6 -1.1 -2.3 -3.0
 Manufacturing -0.5 -4.8 11.2 -3.7
 Nonmanufacturing -0.7 0.1 -5.1 -2.8
Government 4.8 3.4 7.0 -5.5
 Federal 25.0 38.0 22.7 -30.0
 Territorial 3.3 0.3 4.9 -1.6

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 1.2 -1.7 -3.1 1.3
Private industries 1.7 -3.0 -0.1 1.4
 Manufacturing 3.5 0.1 -20.3 -12.9
 Nonmanufacturing 1.4 -3.8 3.0 5.3
Government -0.2 1.8 -0.2 1.0
 Federal -15.6 16.1 7.8 -12.1
 Territorial 1.6 0.4 -1.2 2.7

Table A.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.1 0.2 -3.7
Percentage points:
Private industries -0.49 -0.81 -1.65 -2.10
 Manufacturing -0.10 -0.87 1.42 -0.45
 Nonmanufacturing -0.39 0.06 -3.07 -1.65
Government 1.09 0.86 1.88 -1.60
 Federal 0.39 0.80 0.71 -1.21
 Territorial 0.70 0.06 1.17 -0.39

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 1.2 -1.7 -3.1 1.3
Percentage points:
Private industries 1.24 -2.17 -3.11 0.97
 Manufacturing 0.45 0.02 -4.69 -2.16
 Nonmanufacturing 0.80 -2.19 1.58 3.13
Government -0.06 0.49 -0.05 0.27
 Federal -0.47 0.40 0.20 -0.35
 Territorial 0.41 0.10 -0.26 0.62

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change
in real gross domestic product because of rounding and differences
in source data used to estimate GDP by industry and the expenditures
measure of real GDP

Table A.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Total compensation 230 242 255 267 263
Private industries 121 124 120 123 122
 Manufacturing 53 53 48 49 50
 Nonmanufacturing 68 71 72 74 71
Government 109 119 134 145 141
 Federal 9 11 17 22 17
 Territorial 101 108 118 122 124

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Total compensation 263 278 281 272
Private industries 120 132 132 113
 Manufacturing 52 61 57 34
 Nonmanufacturing 68 71 75 79
Government 143 146 149 159
 Federal 15 18 20 18
 Territorial 128 129 130 141

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

After declining for 6 consecutive years largely because of declines in the garment manufacturing industry, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI)'s economy grew in 2010. Real GDP increased 2.3 percent, reflecting increases in territorial government spending, in consumer spending, and in exports of goods and services. In addition, per capita real GDP for the CNMI increased in 2010, reflecting the growth in real GDP and a continued decline in the population.

Exports increased for the first time after 5 consecutive years of decline. Tourism services (which make up the majority of exports of services) increased due to an increase in the number of visitors to the islands. This increase offset continued declines in exports of goods.

Consumer spending turned up after a significant decline in 2009. The detailed estimates of consumer spending show that expenditures on both goods and services contributed to the increase in overall consumer spending for the year, while net foreign travel contributed negatively.

The GDP by industry estimates show that the distributive services sector (including retail and wholesale trade) and the territorial government were the largest contributors to overall GDP growth in 2010. Meanwhile, the manufacturing sector continued to contribute negatively to economic growth. The significant declines in manufacturing from 2005 to 2009 reflected the decline of the garment manufacturing industry over that time, ending with the last manufacturer closing its doors in the first quarter of 2009.

Total compensation grew in 2010, reflecting increases in both private and government compensation. However, compensation for the manufacturing sector continued to decline, falling each year from 2005 to 2010.

Improvements to the estimates for 2002-2009 include the following:

* Improved methodologies for estimating consumer spending on goods and services.

* The incorporation of newly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau, including population and housing information from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and wage and salary data for 2008 and 2009 from County Business Patterns.

* The incorporation of newly available source data for territorial government spending from government financial statements for fiscal year 2010.

The pattern of growth in the revised estimates is similar to that of the previously published estimates. In both the revised and the published estimates, real GDP decreased in all years except 2003.

Table B.1.1. Gross Domestic Product

[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 1,221 1,177 1,151
Personal consumption expenditures 537 539 551
 Goods 331 342 396
 Durable goods 120 123 146
 Nondurable goods 211 219 250
 Services 428 409 433
 Net foreign travel -221 -212 -278
Private fixed investment 24 24 42
Net exports of goods and services 293 255 190
 Exports 1,077 1,030 1,128
 Goods 848 810 842
 Services 229 220 286
 Imports 784 775 938
 Goods 675 6671 808
 Services 109 108 130
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 367 358 369
 Federal 14 16 13
 Territorial 353 342 355

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 1,001 918 867
Personal consumption expenditures 520 559 560
 Goods 337 370 357
 Durable goods 128 141 135
 Nondurable goods 209 229 222
 Services 418 398 389
 Net foreign travel -235 -209 -186
Private fixed investment 41 35 24
Net exports of goods and services 67 -40 -69
 Exports 910 729 526
 Goods 668 514 333
 Services 242 215 192
 Imports 844 769 595
 Goods 727 663 512
 Services 117 106 83
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 374 364 352
 Federal 17 14 13
 Territorial 357 350 339

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 851 725 733
Personal consumption expenditures 590 516 531
 Goods 387 342 370
 Durable goods 138 118 133
 Nondurable goods 249 224 236
 Services 401 362 377
 Net foreign travel -199 -188 -215
Private fixed investment 27 27 26
Net exports of goods and services -109 -164 -194
 Exports 376 218 242
 Goods 172 23 20
 Services 205 195 222
 Imports 485 382 436
 Goods 417 327 379
 Services 69 55 57
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 343 346 370
 Federal 16 21 22
 Territorial 327 325 349

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table B.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 1,188 1,193 1,161
Personal consumption
 expenditures 580 595 585
 Goods 370 379 421
 Durable goods 136 133 158
 Nondurable goods 234 246 263
 Services 432 432 446
 Net foreign travel -225 -219 -281
Private fixed investment 25 25 43
Net exports of goods and 188 177 146
 services
 Exports 1,086 1,039 1,131
 Goods 853 812 842
 Services 232 226 289
 Imports 898 862 984
 Goods 790 752 854
 Services 110 110 131
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 398 404 385
 Federal 17 18 14
 Territorial 381 386 371
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 74.4 76.6 78.9
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 15,968 15,574 14,715

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 1,001 920 849
Personal consumption
 expenditures 520 525 506
 Goods 337 358 338
 Durable goods 128 139 132
 Nondurable goods 209 219 206
 Services 418 374 349
 Net foreign travel -235 -206 -180
Private fixed investment 41 34 23
Net exports of goods and 67 -9 -26
 services
 Exports 910 725 516
 Goods 668 513 330
 Services 242 212 186
 Imports 844 734 543
 Goods 727 636 471
 Services 117 99 72
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 374 368 335
 Federal 17 14 12
 Territorial 357 355 324
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 70.6 60.7 59.3
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 14,178 15,157 14,317

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 744 605 619
Personal consumption
 expenditures 499 433 444
 Goods 343 294 313
 Durable goods 130 107 117
 Nondurable goods 213 187 196
 Services 342 304 306
 Net foreign travel -184 -164 -175
Private fixed investment 26 26 25
Net exports of goods and -98 -163 -174
 services
 Exports 294 176 183
 Goods 116 19 17
 Services 190 170 180
 Imports 392 339 357
 Goods 337 295 315
 Services 56 44 43
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 314 312 328
 Federal 14 19 19
 Territorial 300 293 309
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 57.6 55.5 53.9
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 12,917 10,901 11,484

(1.) Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Table B.1.3. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 0.4 -2.7 -13.8 -8.0
Personal consumption expenditures 2.6 -1.8 -11.1 1.0
 Goods 2.3 11.1 -19.9 6.2
 Durable goods -2.0 18.5 -18.9 8.8
 Nondurable goods 4.8 7.0 -20.5 4.6
 Services 0.0 3.1 -6.3 -10.6
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment -0.2 70.4 -5.5 -15.7
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports -4.3 8.8 -19.5 -20.4
 Goods -4.8 3.7 -20.6 -23.2
 Services -2.6 27.8 -16.3 -12.6
 Imports -4.0 14.2 -14.3 -13.0
 Goods -4.7 13.4 -14.8 -12.6
 Services 0.1 19.0 -11 -15.3
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 1.5 -4.8 -2.8 -1.4
 Federal 10.0 -23.2 17.4 -18.7
 Territorial 1.1 -3.9 -3.6 -0.6
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 1.2 -3.6 -14.3 -0.5

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product -7.7 -12.3 -18.8 2.3
Personal consumption expenditures -3.7 -1.2 -13.3 2.4
 Goods -5.6 1.6 -14.2 6.3
 Durable goods -4.9 -1.8 -17.6 9.1
 Nondurable goods -6.0 3.6 -12.4 4.8
 Services -6.5 -2.0 -11.1 0.8
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment -31.7 9.3 2.3 -4.0
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports -28.8 -43.1 -40.1 4.0
 Goods -35.8 -4.8 -3.4 -12.8
 Services -12.2 2.4 -10.6 5.9
 Imports -26.1 -27.7 -13.6 5.4
 Goods -25.9 -28.6 -12.3 6.6
 Services -27.2 -22.5 -21.3 -2.1
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -9.0 -0.4 -0.5 5.0
 Federal -11.9 19.6 31.3 -0.4
 Territorial -8.8 -7.4 -2.0 5.4
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published -7.7 -12.1 -19.8 ...

Table B.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.4 -2.7 -13.8 -8.0
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures 1.17 -0.82 -5.46 0.54
 Goods 0.64 3.28 -7.03 2.13
 Durable goods -0.21 1.93 -2.49 1.14
 Nondurable goods 0.85 1.35 -4.54 0.99
 Services 0.01 1.10 -2.40 -4.56
 Net foreign travel 0.52 -5.20 3.97 2.98
Private fixed investment 0.00 1.46 -0.20 -0.65
Net exports of goods and services -1.21 -1.85 -7.19 -7.39
 Exports -3.90 7.74 -19.04 -18.58
 Goods -3.41 2.51 -14.99 -15.50
 Services -0.50 5.22 -4.05 -3.08
 Imports 2.70 -9.59 11.85 11.19
 Goods 2.71 -7.85 10.61 9.34
 Services -0.01 -1.74 1.24 1.85
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 0.45 -1.51 -0.93 -0.54
 Federal 0.12 -0.33 0.21 -0.32
 Territorial 0.32 -1.17 -1.13 -0.22

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product -7.7 -12.3 -18.8 2.3
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures -2.28 -0.74 -9.22 1.74
 Goods -2.25 0.63 -0.56 3.02
 Durable goods -0.75 -0.26 -2.90 1.51
 Nondurable goods -1.50 0.90 -3.65 1.51
 Services -2.86 -0.86 -5.27 0.40
 Net foreign travel 2.84 -0.52 2.61 -1.69
Private fixed investment -1.21 0.24 0.07 -0.15
Net exports of goods and services -0.63 -9.38 -9.42 -1.72
 Exports -22.75 -27.98 -16.81 1.25
 Goods -19.90 -28.47 -14.18 -0.41
 Services -2.85 0.49 -2.63 1.66
 Imports 22.12 18.60 7.39 -2.97
 Goods 18.89 16.54 5.67 -3.14
 Services 3.24 2.06 1.73 0.16
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -3.63 -2.46 -0.19 2.43
 Federal -0.19 0.28 0.59 -0.01
 Territorial -3.44 -2.73 -0.78 2.45

Table B.1.5. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product -4.0 0.6 0.8 -0.3
Personal consumption expenditures -2.3 4.0 6.1 6.4

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 2.4 12.0 4.9 -1.1
Personal consumption expenditures 4.0 6.7 0.9 0.5

Table B.2.1. Value Added by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 1,221 1,177 1,151 1,001 918
Private Industries 976 923 898 748 682
 Manufacturing 408 399 390 353 247
 Distributive services 169 164 142 100 104
 Accommodations and amusement 115 102 97 71 89
 Other private 284 258 268 223 242
Government 246 253 253 253 235
 Federal 5 9 11 14 13
 Territorial 240 244 243 240 223

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 867 651 725 733
Private Industries 626 622 496 493
 Manufacturing 176 66 25 24
 Distributive services 120 104 89 93
 Accommodations and amusement 73 116 110 109
 Other private 257 337 274 268
Government 241 229 228 239
 Federal 13 15 16 15
 Territorial 228 214 211 224

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table B.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 1,188 1,193 1,161 1,001 920
Private industries 918 906 896 748 677
 Manufacturing 348 365 378 353 253
 Distributive services 175 172 147 100 102
 Accommodations and amusement 114 104 100 71 85
 Other private 288 267 273 223 236
Government 262 290 263 253 245
 Federal 7 10 11 14 12
 Territorial 255 279 252 240 232

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 849 744 605 619
Private industries 617 529 402 410
 Manufacturing 183 35 26 25
 Distributive services 116 101 77 86
 Accommodations and amusement 68 107 92 95
 Other private 246 319 233 230
Government 233 213 207 213
 Federal 11 13 14 12
 Territorial 222 200 192 200

Table B.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 0.4 -2.7 -13.8 -8.0
Private Industries -1.4 -1.0 -16.6 -9.4
 Manufacturing 5.1 3.4 -6.5 -28.5
 Distributive services -1.9 -14.6 -31.8 1.9
 Accommodations and amusement -8.8 -4.2 -28.7 18.9
 Other private -7.2 2.1 -18.3 6.0
Government 10.7 -9.2 -3.8 -3.4
 Federal 56.5 11.8 18.6 -10.2
 Territorial 9.6 -10.0 -4.8 -3.0

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product -7.7 -12.3 -18.8 2.3
Private Industries -6.9 -14.2 -24.0 1.9
 Manufacturing -27.6 -81.1 -24.6 -2.9
 Distributive services 13.7 -13.3 -23.1 11.3
 Accommodations and amusement -19.2 56.4 -14.4 3.5
 Other private 4.0 29.9 -27.1 -1.2
Government -4.7 -8.6 -3.1 2.9
 Federal -6.1 12.1 10.1 -12.2
 Territorial -4.6 -9.7 -4.0 4.1

Table B.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.4 -2.7 -13.8 -8.0
Percentage points:
Private industries -1.12 -0.80 -12.88 -7.06
 Manufacturing 1.67 1.13 -2.17 -9.98
 Distributive services -0.26 -2.03 -3.97 0.19
 Accommodations and amusement -0.84 -0.36 -2.45 1.38
 Other private -1.69 0.47 -4.29 1.36
Government 2.13 -2.08 -0.84 -0.84
 Federal 0.27 0.09 0.18 -0.14
 Territorial 1.87 -2.17 -1.02 -0.69

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product -7.7 -12.3 -18.8 2.3
Percentage points:
Private industries -0.54 -10.64 -17.58 1.33
 Manufacturing -7.28 -21.50 -1.52 -0.10
 Distributive services 1.55 -1.67 -2.91 1.35
 Accommodations and amusement -1.86 4.39 -2.02 0.52
 Other private 1.06 8.15 -11.13 -0.45
Government -1.23 -2.21 -0.83 0.94
 Federal -0.09 0.16 0.17 -0.28
 Territorial -1.14 -2.37 -1.00 1.22

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent
change in real gross domestic product because of rounding and
differences in source data used to estimate GDP by industry
and the expenditures measure of real GDP.

Table B.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Total compensation 699 702 752 659 598
Private Industries 473 473 517 418 375
 Manufacturing 225 224 255 203 145
 Distributive services 48 52 53 45 50
 Accommodations and amusement 70 69 71 54 66
 Other private 129 128 138 117 114
Government 226 229 235 240 222
 Federal 6 9 11 14 13
 Territorial 220 220 224 226 209

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Total compensation 569 518 514 533
Private Industries 353 303 300 310
 Manufacturing 91 30 10 9
 Distributive services 66 59 60 63
 Accommodations and amusement 60 77 89 90
 Other private 136 137 141 147
Government 216 215 214 223
 Federal 13 15 17 15
 Territorial 203 200 197 208

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because or rounding.

Guam

Guam's economy continued to grow for the fourth consecutive year. Real GDP grew 1.2 percent in 2010, reflecting increases in territorial government and federal government spending. The trade balance also contributed to economic growth as imports of goods and services declined more rapidly than exports. Economic growth was tempered by a decline in consumer spending.

The detailed estimates of consumer spending show that the decline in 2010 reflected decreases in spending on both goods and services. Within goods, spending on durable and nondurable goods contributed to the decrease. Net foreign travel also contributed negatively to growth in consumer spending.

Tourism contributed positively to economic growth in 2010 for the first time since 2005. Guam's exports of services, which are primarily tourism services, grew 1.2 percent after falling over 13 percent in 2009.

The GDP by industry estimates show that the public sector contributed positively to overall GDP growth in 2010. Also contributing positively were the private construction industry and the accommodations and amusement industry.

Total compensation grew in 2010, reflecting increases in all major sectors of the economy. An increase in compensation of federal government employees was the largest contributor.

Improvements to the estimates for 2002-2009 include the following:

* Improved methodologies for estimating consumer spending on goods and services.

* The incorporation of newly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau, including population and housing information from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and wage and salary data for 2008 and 2009 from County Business Patterns.

* The incorporation of newly available source data on federal government defense spending.

The pattern of growth in the revised estimates is similar to that of the previously published estimates for all years. In both the revised and the published estimates, real GDP increased in all years except 2006.

Table C.1.1. Gross Domestic Product
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 3,349 3,494 3,774
Personal consumption expenditures 2,388 2,234 2,429
 Goods 1,101 1,064 1,221
 Durable goods 404 398 436
 Nondurable goods 697 666 785
 Services 1,788 1,620 1,814
 Net foreign travel -501 -450 -606
Private fixed investment 137 166 152
Net exports of goods and service -859 -818 -822
 Exports 579 526 682
 Goods 74 73 71
 Services 505 453 611
 Imports 1,438 1,344 1,504
 Goods 1,356 1,257 1,413
 Services 82 87 92
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross investment 1,684 1,911 2,016
 Federal 1,002 1,199 1,295
 Territorial 682 712 721

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,056 4,077 4,207
Personal consumption expenditures 2,627 2,650 2,754
 Goods 1,399 1,400 1,412
 Durable goods 506 506 518
 Nondurable goods 893 894 894
 Services 1,935 1,996 2,043
 Net foreign travel -707 -746 -700
Private fixed investment 145 164 217
Net exports of goods and services -894 -996 -1,255
 Exports 782 830 820
 Goods 70 80 115
 Services 712 750 705
 Imports 1,675 1,826 2,075
 Goods 1,579 1,733 1,949
 Services 96 93 126
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross investment 2,179 2,258 2,490
 Federal 1,385 1,410 1,579
 Territorial 794 849 911

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,335 4,542 4,577
Personal consumption expenditures 2,895 2,904 2,838
 Goods 1,486 1,318 1,236
 Durable goods 545 476 437
 Nondurable goods 941 843 798
 Services 2,072 2,172 2,200
 Net foreign travel -663 -586 -597
Private fixed investment 252 236 233
Net exports of goods and services -1,422 -1,405 -1,445
 Exports 801 689 675
 Goods 133 98 73
 Services 668 592 603
 Imports 2,223 2,094 2,120
 Goods 2,091 1,967 1,986
 Services 132 127 135
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross investment 2,610 2,806 2,951
 Federal 1,698 1,857 1,912
 Territorial 913 950 1,039

NOTE: Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table C.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 3,640 3,688 3,944
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,548 2,351 2,525
 Goods 1,301 1,200 1,309
 Durable goods 435 413 458
 Nondurable goods 869 788 851
 Services 1,853 1,678 1,872
 Net foreign travel -604 -521 -656
Private fixed investment 156 185 161
Net exports of goods and
 services -1,048 -963 -885
 Exports 696 608 738
 Goods 87 83 77
 Services 609 525 661
 Imports 1,743 1,570 1,623
 Goods 1,647 1,472 1,526
 Services 96 98 98
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 1,959 2,110 2,143
 Federal 1,175 1,332 1,379
 Territorial 782 777 764
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 155.70 156.20 156.60
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 23,378 23,611 25,185

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,056 3,916 3,939
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,627 2,543 2,575
 Goods 1,399 1,332 1,328
 Durable goods 506 501 512
 Nondurable goods 893 832 818
 Services 1,935 1,909 1,887
 Net foreign travel -707 -697 -641
Private fixed investment 145 155 200
Net exports of goods and
 services -894 -936 -1,107
 Exports 782 777 746
 Goods 70 75 101
 Services 712 702 645
 Imports 1,675 1,713 1,853
 Goods 1,579 1,627 1,740
 Services 96 86 114
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 2,179 2,154 2,275
 Federal 1,385 1,341 1,441
 Territorial 794 813 833
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 157.10 157.50 158.00
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 25,818 24,863 24,930

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 3,962 4,005 4,052
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,564 2,544 2,461
 Goods 1,293 1,142 1,081
 Durable goods 501 439 410
 Nondurable goods 793 704 671
 Services 1,836 1,892 1,876
 Net foreign travel -568 -493 -499
Private fixed investment 228 219 217
Net exports of goods and
 services -1,133 -1,217 -1,175
 Exports 678 580 563
 Goods 104 82 59
 Services 573 497 503
 Imports 1,811 1,796 1,737
 Goods 1,699 1,691 1,629
 Services 112 105 108
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 2,306 2,463 2,552
 Federal 1,500 1,637 1,658
 Territorial 806 826 894
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 158.40 158.90 159.40
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 25,013 25,205 25,420

(1.) Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Table C.1.3. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 1.3 7.0 2.9 -0.5
Personal consumption expenditures -7.7 7.4 4.0 -0.2
 Goods -7.7 9.1 6.9 -4.8
 Durable goods -5.1 11.0 10.5 -1.0
 Nondurable goods -9.3 8.0 4.9 -0.9
 Services -9.4 11.6 3.4 -1.3
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment 19.0 -13.1 -10.2 7.2
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports -12.6 21.5 5.9 -0.7
 Goods -4.1 -6.7 -9.2 6.4
 Services -13.8 25.9 7.6 -1.4
 Imports -9.9 3.4 3.2 2.2
 Goods -10.6 3.7 3.5 3.0
 Services 2.1 -0.7 -1.4 -10.6
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 7.7 1.6 1.7 -1.1
 Federal 13.3 3.5 0.4 -3.2
 Territorial -0.6 -1.7 3.9 2.4
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 0.7 7.3 3.2 -3.8

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2
Personal consumption expenditures 1.2 -0.4 -0.7 -3.3
 Goods -0.3 -2.6 -11.7 -5.3
 Durable goods 2.1 -2.0 -12.5 -0.4
 Nondurable goods -1.7 -3.0 -11.2 -4.7
 Services -1.1 -2.7 3.0 -0.9
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment 29.0 14.0 -4.1 -1.0
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports -3.9 -9.2 -144.0 -2.9
 Goods 34.4 3.1 -21.0 -27.9
 Services -8.1 -11.3 -13.2 1.2
 Imports 8.2 -2.3 -0.8 -3.3
 Goods 6.9 -2.3 -0.5 -3.7
 Services 32.3 -1.7 -5.7 2.9
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 5.6 1.4 6.8 3.6
 Federal 7.5 4.1 9.1 1.3
 Territorial 2.5 -3.2 2.5 8.2
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 0.8 0.5 1.7 ...

Table C.1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross
Domestic Product

 2003 2004 2005 2006
Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 1.3 7.0 2.9 -3.5
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures -5.46 4.73 2.58 -2.06
 Goods -2.57 2.83 2.26 -1.66
 Durable goods -0.62 1.24 1.22 -0.12
 Nondurable goods -1.95 1.59 1.04 -1.54
 Services -4.97 5.35 1.60 -0.64
 Net foreign travel 2.08 -3.44 -1.27 0.25
Private fixed investment 0.77 -0.63 -0.41 0.26
Net exports of goods and services 2.08 1.98 -0.21 -1.07
 Exports -2.19 3.32 1.08 -0.13
 Goods -0.09 -0.14 -0.18 0.11
 Services -2.1 3.46 1.26 -0.25
Imports 4.27 -1.35 -1.29 -0.94
Goods 4.32 -1.36 -1.33 -1.19
Services -0.05 0.02 0.04 0.26
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 3.91 0.87 0.90 -0.61
 Federal 4.04 1.23 0.14 -1.09
 Territorial -0.13 -0.36 0.75 0.48

 2007 2008 2009 2010
Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures 0.81 -0.30 -0.49 -2.12
 Goods -0.11 -0.90 -3.95 -1.54
 Durable goods 0.26 -0.25 -1.55 -0.67
 Nondurable goods -0.37 -0.65 -2.41 -0.86
 Services -0.56 -1.32 1.44 -0.43
 Net foreign travel 1.48 1.93 2.02 -0.16
Private fixed investment 1.17 0.72 -0.23 -0.05
Net exports of goods and services -4.51 -0.67 -2.23 1.10
 Exports -0.79 -1.84 -2.62 -0.45
 Goods 0.69 0.09 -0.61 -0.61
 Services -1.48 -1.92 -2.02 0.16
Imports -3.72 1.17 0.39 1.55
Goods -2.98 1.12 0.22 1.63
Services -0.74 0.05 0.17 -0.08
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 3.13 0.83 4.04 2.25
 Federal 2.61 1.54 3.52 0.52
 Territorial 0.52 -0.71 0.51 1.74

Table C.1.5. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product:
Percent Change From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 3.0 1.0 4.5 4.1
Personal consumption expenditures 1.4 1.2 4.0 4.2

 2007 2006 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 2.6 2.5 3.7 -0.4
Personal consumption expenditures 2.6 5.6 1.1 1.0

Table C.2.1. Value Added by Industry [Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 3,349 3,494 3,774
Private industries 2,003 2,034 2,239
 Construction 127 220 187
 Distributive services 363 420 459
 Accommodations and amusement 358 331 379
 Other private 1,155 1,062 1,214
Government 1,346 1,460 1,535
 Federal 721 818 887
 Territorial 625 642 647

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,056 4,077 4,207
Private industries 2,403 2,354 2,371
 Construction 156 176 269
 Distributive services 476 454 433
 Accommodations and amusement 382 380 377
 Other private 1,390 1,344 1,292
Government 1,653 1,723 1,835
 Federal 998 1,046 1,122
 Territorial 655 677 713

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,335 4,542 4,577
Private industries 2,416 2,486 2,422
 Construction 308 314 321
 Distributive services 443 425 402
 Accommodations and amusement 388 392 392
 Other private 1,278 1,355 1,306
Government 1,919 2,056 2,155
 Federal 1,195 1,304 1,352
 Territorial 723 752 802

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table C.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry (Millions of
chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

Gross domestic product 3,640 3,688 3,944
Private industries 2,062 2,076 2,303
 Construction 150 255 209
 Distributive services 376 433 474
 Accommodations and amusement 356 333 390
 Other private 1,174 1,065 1,233
Government 1,575 1,607 1,629
 Federal 857 911 946
 Territorial 717 695 683

 2005 2006 2007

Gross domestic product 4,056 3,916 3,939
Private industries 2,403 2,284 2,277
 Construction 156 161 236
 Distributive services 476 445 427
 Accommodations and amusement 382 365 359
 Other private 1,390 1,312 1,248
Government 1,653 1,643 1,676
 Federal 998 995 1,023
 Territorial 655 648 653

 2008 2009 2010

Gross domestic product 3,962 4,005 4,052
Private industries 2,273 2,234 2,229
 Construction 267 263 282
 Distributive services 430 393 392
 Accommodations and amusement 357 346 359
 Other private 1,210 1,222 1,184
Government 1,702 1,785 1,835
 Federal 1,058 1,148 1,164
 Territorial 643 637 672

Table C.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 1.3 7.0 2.9 -3.5
Private industries 0.7 10.9 4.4 -5.0
 Construction 70.0 -18.2 -25.4 3.4
 Distributive services 15.3 9.3 0.4 -6.4
 Accommodations and amusement -0.6 17.3 -2.2 -4.4
 Other private -9.3 15.7 12.8 -5.6
Government 2.0 1.4 1.5 -0.6
 Federal 6.3 3.9 5.5 -0.4
 Territorial -3.0 -1.8 -4.1 -1.0

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2
Private industries -0.3 -0.2 -1.7 -0.3
 Construction 46.3 13.3 -1.4 7.2
 Distributive services -4.0 0.6 -8.7 -0.1
 Accommodations and amusement -1.6 -0.6 -3.0 3.7
 Other private -4.9 -3.1 1.0 -3.1
Government 2.1 1.5 4.9 2.8
 Federal 2.9 3.5 8.5 1.3
 Territorial 0.8 -1.5 -1.0 5.4

Table C.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic
Product by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006
Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 1.3 7.0 2.9 -3.5
Percentage points:
Private industries 0.42 6.29 2.58 -2.93
 Construction 2.64 -1.16 -1.30 0.13
 Distributive services 1.64 1.11 0.05 -0.74
 Accommodations and amusement -0.69 1.61 -0.22 -0.42
 Other private -3.17 4.73 4.05 -1.91
Government 0.81 0.60 0.60 -0.26
 Federal 1.38 0.92 1.31 -0.09
 Territorial -0.57 -0.33 -0.71 -0.17

 2007 2008 2009 2010
Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2
Percentage points:
Private industries -0.17 -0.10 -0.96 -0.14
 Construction 2.02 0.84 -0.10 0.49
 Distributive services -0.44 0.06 -0.89 -0.01
 Accommodations and amusement -0.15 -0.06 -0.27 0.32
 Other private -1.60 -0.94 0.31 -0.94
Government 0.87 0.67 2.14 1.30
 Federal 0.74 0.93 2.30 0.39
 Territorial 0.14 -0.26 -0.17 0.91

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change
in real gross domestic product because of rounding and differences
in source data used to estimate GDP by industry and the expenditures
measure of real GDP

Table C.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

Total compensation 2,025 22,371 2,278
Private industries 978 1,101 1,114
 Construction 63 116 113
 Distributive services 193 226 239
 Accommodations and amusement 215 199 217
 Other private 507 560 544
Government 1,047 1,136 1,164
 Federal 544 625 657
 Territorial 503 511 507

 2005 2006 2007

Total compensation 2,366 2,439 2,597
Private industries 1,128 1,161 1,250
 Construction 99 114 140
 Distributive services 237 241 240
 Accommodations and amusement 207 210 211
 Other private 584 597 659
Government 1,238 1,278 1,347
 Federal 712 724 766
 Territorial 526 554 582

 2008 2009 2010

Total compensation 27,671 2,892 3,048
Private industries 1,347 1,371 1,443
 Construction 169 172 187
 Distributive services 250 239 248
 Accommodations and amusement 222 228 239
 Other private 706 731 770
Government 1,420 1,521 1,605
 Federal 825 900 952
 Territorial 594 621 653

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

U.S. Virgin Islands

After declining for 2 years, real GDP of the U.S. Virgin Islands grew 2.9 percent in 2010. The trade balance contributed significantly to economic growth in 2010 as imports of goods declined more rapidly than exports of goods. As in previous years, the oil refining industry continued to play a major role in the economy, accounting for the vast majority of imports and exports of goods.

The increase in real GDP also reflected increases in government spending and in private fixed investment, primarily construction. Inventory investment, which consists primarily of petroleum products, contributed negatively to economic growth.

Consumer spending grew slightly in 2010. The detailed estimates of consumer spending show that the increase reflected growth in spending on services, particularly on "other" services and health care services. Net foreign travel also contributed positively to the overall growth in consumer spending. Spending on goods, particularly durable goods, decreased.

The tourism industry continued to decline for the third consecutive year. Exports of services, which are primarily tourism services, fell 2.7 percent in 2010.

Improvements to the estimates for 2002-2009 include the following:

* Incorporating newly available gross business receipts data from the Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue for 2010 and revised receipts for 2008 and 2009.

* Incorporating improved source data for expenditures in the U.S. Virgin Islands by foreign residents and for expenditures on foreign travel by U.S. Virgin Islands residents; because the resulting revisions were offsetting between consumer spending and net exports of services, GDP was not impacted.

* Incorporating additional information on government spending, including more detailed and higher frequency data for territorial government expenditures.

The pattern of growth in the revised estimates is similar to that of the previously published estimates. In both the revised and the published estimates, real GDP decreased in 2003, 2008, and 2009.

Table D.1.1. Gross Domestic Product [Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 3,295 3,456 3,817
Personal consumption
 expenditures 1,613 1,703 1,836
 Goods 923 947 1,063
 Durable goads 636 656 734
 Nondurable goods 287 291 329
 Foods, feeds, and beverages 199 198 227
 Other nondurable goods 87 93 102
 Services 1,568 1,680 1,767
 Housing and utilities 407 432 461
 Health care 141 148 164
 Food services and
 accommodations 388 428 459
 Other services 633 672 683
Net foreign travel -878 -925 -994
Private fixed investment 436 303 354
Change in private inventories -73 27 33
Net exports of goods and services 497 658 814
 Exports 4,809 6,520 8,604
 Goods 3,911 5,575 7,587
 Services 898 945 1,017
 Imports 4,312 5,861 7,790
 Goods 4,140 5,651 7,547
 Services 172 210 243
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 822 765 779
 Federal 84 93 109
 Territorial 739 671 670

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,457 4,546 4,853
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,065 2,246 2,247
 Goods 1,211 1,337 1,253
 Durable goads 851 922 793
 Nondurable goods 360 415 460
 Foods, feeds, and beverages 236 251 266
 Other nondurable goods 124 164 194
 Services 1,907 1,986 2,108
 Housing and utilities 498 526 587
 Health care 179 197 218
 Food services and
 accommodations 491 510 515
 Other services 740 754 788
Net foreign travel -1,052 -1,077 -1,114
Private fixed investment 446 490 435
Change in private inventories -5 -30 -540
Net exports of goods and services 1,138 879 1,636
 Exports 11,632 12,730 14,141
 Goods 10,556 11,628 13,002
 Services 1,076 1,102 1,139
 Imports 10,495 11,850 12,505
 Goods 10,243 11,615 12,251
 Services 252 235 254
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 814 960 1,074
 Federal 110 117 126
 Territorial 704 843 949

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,255 4,248 4,498
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,239 2,328 2,384
 Goods 1,186 1,158 1,144
 Durable goads 693 666 620
 Nondurable goods 492 492 524
 Foods, feeds, and beverages 299 301 309
 Other nondurable goods 193 191 215
 Services 2,188 2,174 2,239
 Housing and utilities 645 651 650
 Health care 239 256 286
 Food services and
 accommodations 509 480 464
 Other services 795 787 839
Net foreign travel -1,135 -1,004 -1,000
Private fixed investment 403 365 380
Change in private inventories 180 210 -167
Net exports of goods and services 318 185 659
 Exports 18,412 10,718 12,935
 Goods 17,255 9,696 11,922
 Services 1,157 1,021 1,013
 Imports 18,094 10,532 12,276
 Goods 17,861 10,310 12,067
 Services 233 223 209
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 1,115 1,159 1,243
 Federal 134 150 186
 Territorial 981 1,009 1,057

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table D.1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product [Millions of chained
(2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 4,200 4,159 4,299
Personal consumption
 expenditures 1,781 1,829 1,906
 Goods 933 968 1,081
 Durable goods 619 655 733
 Nondurable goods 317 313 349
 Foods, feeds, and
 beverages 213 209 236
 Other nondurable goods 103 104 112
 Services 1,758 1,807 1,843
 Housing and utilities 458 463 478
 Health care 167 164 171
 Food services and
 accommodations 426 460 475
 Other services 708 719 720
 Net foreign travel -908 -944 -1,017
Private fixed investment 496 336 375
Change in private inventories -161 49 46
Net exports of goods and
 services 1,093 1,206 1,191
 Exports 9,293 10,835 11,540
 Goods 8,277 9,879 10,503
 Services 933 967 1,041
 Imports 8,200 9,629 10,349
 Goods 7,985 9,395 10,092
 Services 209 234 256
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 878 782 807
 Federal 97 106 116
 Territorial 778 676 692
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 110.0 110.7 111.5
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 38,182 37,570 38,556

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,457 4,635 4,836
Personal consumption
 expenditures 2,065 2,189 2,076
 Goods 1,211 1,292 1,161
 Durable goods 851 906 746
 Nondurable goods 360 385 411
 Foods, feeds, and
 beverages 236 235 244
 Other nondurable goods 124 150 167
 Services 1,907 1,930 1,949
 Housing and utilities 498 524 527
 Health care 179 192 205
 Food services and
 accommodations 491 491 475
 Other services 740 723 743
 Net foreign travel -1,052 -1,032 -1,034
Private fixed investment 446 462 397
Change in private inventories -5 -26 -414
Net exports of goods and
 services 1,138 1,122 1,732
 Exports 11,632 11,029 11,069
 Goods 10,556 9,974 10,014
 Services 1,076 1,057 1,057
 Imports 10,495 9,907 9,337
 Goods 10,243 9,675 9,092
 Services 252 232 251
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 814 869 957
 Federal 110 110 112
 Territorial 704 759 845
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 111.5 113.7 114.7
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 39,973 40,765 42,162

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,816 4,532 4,666
Personal consumption
 expenditures 1,948 2,001 2,009
 Goods 1,014 965 920
 Durable goods 610 575 530
 Nondurable goods 398 384 381
 Foods, feeds, and
 beverages 249 227 218
 Other nondurable goods 149 157 165
 Services 1,932 1,907 1,944
 Housing and utilities 520 531 532
 Health care 218 228 247
 Food services and
 accommodations 460 431 411
 Other services 734 717 754
 Net foreign travel -996 -868 -849
Private fixed investment 359 326 338
Change in private inventories 105 200 -123
Net exports of goods and
 services 1,352 940 1,258
 Exports 11,223 10,115 9,691
 Goods 10,197 9,217 8,817
 Services 1,014 883 859
 Imports 9,871 9,175 8,433
 Goods 9,646 8,954 8,235
 Services 215 217 192
Government consumption
 expenditures and gross
 investment 964 991 1,019
 Federal 116 132 156
 Territorial 847 859 864
Addenda:
 Population (thousands) (1) 115.9 107.3 106.4
 Per capita real GDP (chained
 dollars) 41,553 42,237 43,853

Source: U.S. Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research

Table D.1.3. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product -1.0 3.4 3.7 4.0
Personal consumption expenditures 2.7 4.2 8.4 6.0
 Goods 3.7 11.7 12.0 6.7
 Durable goods 5.9 11.9 16.0 6.6
 Nondurable goads -1.1 11.3 3.2 7.0
 Foods, feeds, and beverages -1.9 12.9 -0.3 -0.3
 Other nondurable goods 0.8 7.8 10.8 20.7
 Services 2.8 2.0 3.5 1.2
 Housing and utilities 1.2 3.1 4.3 5.2
 Health care -1.8 3.1 4.6 7.3
 Food services and
 accommodations 8.1 0.1 3.3 0.1
 Other services 1.6 0.1 2.8 -2.2
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment -32.3 11.6 18.8 3.6
Change in private inventories ... ... ... ...
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports 16.6 6.5 0.8 -5.2
 Goods 19.3 6.3 0.5 -5.5
 Services 3.6 7.7 3.3 -1.8
 Imports 17.4 7.5 1.4 -5.6
 Goods 17.6 7.4 1.5 -5.6
 Services 12.0 9.0 -1.6 -7.9
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -10.9 3.2 0.8 6.8
 Federal 9.6 9.4 -5.2 0.7
 Territorial -13.2 2.3 1.8 7.8
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published -1.0 3.4 3.7 4.0

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4.3 -0.4 -5.9 2.9
Personal consumption expenditures -5.2 -6.2 2.7 0.4
 Goods -10.1 -12.7 -4.8 -4.7
 Durable goods -17.7 -18.2 -5.8 -7.8
 Nondurable goads 6.6 -3.2 -3.5 -0.6
 Foods, feeds, and beverages 3.6 2.3 -9.0 -4.0
 Other nondurable goods 11.1 -10.6 5.6 4.9
 Services 1.0 -0.9 -1.3 1.9
 Housing and utilities 0.6 -1.3 2.0 0.2
 Health care 7.2 6.1 4.5 8.6
 Food services and
 accommodations -3.3 -3.0 -6.4 -4.6
 Other services 2.7 -1.2 -2.3 5.1
 Net foreign travel ... ... ... ...
Private fixed investment -13.9 -9.7 -9.1 3.8
Change in private inventories ... ... ... ...
Net exports of goods and services ... ... ... ...
 Exports 0.4 1.4 -9.9 -4.2
 Goods 0.4 1.8 -9.6 -4.3
 Services 0.0 -4.0 -12.9 -2.7
 Imports -5.8 5.7 -7.0 -8.1
 Goods -6.0 6.1 -7.2 -8.0
 Services 8.2 -14.1 0.6 -11.3
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 10.1 0.7 2.8 2.8
 Federal 1.8 3.5 13.4 18.1
 Territorial 11.3 0.3 1.4 0.6
Addendum:
Gross domestic product, previously
 published 4.3 -1.3 -5.6 ...

Table D.1 4. Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product -1.0 3.4 3.7 4.0
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures 1.31 2.07 3.91 2.85
 Goods 1.00 3.14 3.21 1.87
 Durable goods 1.09 2.20 2.93 1.28
 Nondurable goods -0.09 0.93 0.27 0.60
 Foods, feeds, and beverages -0.11 0.73 -0.02 -0.02
 Other nondurable goods 0.02 0.21 0.29 0.61
 Services 1.31 0.96 1.57 0.52
 Housing and utilities 0.15 0.39 0.50 0.59
 Health care -0.08 0.17 0.19 0.30
 Food services and
 accommodations 0.94 0.39 0.39 0.01
 Other services 0.30 0.01 0.49 -0.38
Net foreign travel -1.01 -2.02 -0.87 0.46
Private fixed investment -4.22 1.01 1.71 0.37
Change in private inventories 3.12 -0.05 -1.08 -0.51
Net exports of goods and services 1.54 -0.36 -1.00 -0.06
 Exports 25.48 13.35 1.97 -14.78
 Goods 24.50 11.29 1.12 -14.33
 Services 0.98 2.06 0.85 -0.45
 Imports -23.94 -13.72 -2.97 14.71
 Goods -23.30 -13.17 -3.07 14.26
 Services -0.64 -0.55 0.10 0.46
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment -2.71 0.69 0.16 1.33
 Federal 0.24 0.26 -0.14 0.02
 Territorial -2.95 0.44 0.30 1.31

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 4.3 -0.4 -5.9 2.9
Percentage points:
Personal consumption expenditures -2.59 -3.17 1.40 0.22
 Goods -3.01 -3.66 -1.32 -1.28
 Durable goods -3.62 -3.32 -0.92 -1.21
 Nondurable goods 0.61 -0.34 -0.40 -0.07
 Foods, feeds, and beverages 0.20 0.14 -0.64 -0.29
 Other nondurable goods 0.41 -0.48 0.24 0.23
 Services 0.46 -0.44 -0.63 0.98
 Housing and utilities 0.07 -0.18 0.29 0.04
 Health care 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.52
 Food services and
 accommodations -0.38 -0.35 -0.75 -0.51
 Other services 0.44 -0.21 -0.42 0.94
Net foreign travel -0.04 0.93 3.35 0.52
Private fixed investment -1.51 -0.94 -0.84 0.32
Change in private inventories -10.43 17.35 2.99 -9.01
Net exports of goods and services 16.72 -13.80 -10.17 10.65
 Exports 1.06 5.07 -34.12 -11.79
 Goods 1.06 6.10 -30.69 -11.14
 Services 0.00 -1.04 -3.43 -0.64
 Imports 15.66 -18.87 23.95 22.43
 Goods 16.08 -19.69 23.98 21.83
 Services -0.42 0.82 -0.03 0.60
Government consumption expenditures
 and gross investment 2.13 0.17 0.72 0.78
 Federal 0.05 0.10 0.41 0.64
 Territorial 2.09 0.07 0.31 0.14

Table D.1.5. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change
From Preceding Year

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product 5.9 6.8 12.6 -1.9
Personal consumption expenditures 2.8 3.4 3.8 2.6

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 2.3 -12.0 6.1 2.8
Personal consumption expenditures 5.5 6.2 1.2 2.0

Table D.2.1. Value Added by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 3,295 3,456 3,817
Private industries 2,671 2,758 3,128
 Goods-producing industries 698 718 1,002
 Services-producing industries 1,972 2,040 2,125
 Wholesale and retail trade 344 336 355
 Accommodation and food services 271 289 313
 Other services, except government 1,358 1,415 1,457
Government 625 699 689
 Federal 85 94 111
 Territorial 539 604 578

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,457 4,546 4,853
Private industries 3,766 3,765 4,047
 Goods-producing industries 1,467 1,429 1,468
 Services-producing industries 2,299 2,336 2,579
 Wholesale and retail trade 396 410 442
 Accommodation and food services 330 336 412
 Other services, except government 1,573 1,590 1,726
Government 691 781 806
 Federal 115 122 126
 Territorial 576 659 680

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,255 4,248 4,498
Private industries 3,418 3,397 3,595
 Goods-producing industries 1,016 1,009 1,052
 Services-producing industries 2,402 2,388 2,543
 Wholesale and retail trade 374 381 399
 Accommodation and food services 369 360 351
 Other services, except government 1,659 1,647 1,793
Government 837 851 903
 Federal 132 139 149
 Territorial 705 712 753

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Table D.2.2. Real Value Added by Industry
[Millions of chained (2005) dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Gross domestic product 4,200 4,159 4,299
Private industries 3,553 3,452 3,588
 Goods-producing industries 1,509 1,312 1,421
 Services-producing industries 2,101 2,123 2,170
 Wholesale and retail trade 375 358 367
 Accommodation and food services 292 308 324
 Other services, except government 1,435 1,457 1,478
Government 660 704 707
 Federal 96 104 116
 Territorial 563 599 591

 2005 2006 2007

 Gross domestic product 4,457 4,635 4,836
Private industries 3,766 3,935 4,125
 Goods-producing industries 1,467 1,704 1,687
 Services-producing industries 2,299 2,253 2,443
 Wholesale and retail trade 396 401 427
 Accommodation and food services 330 326 364
 Other services, except government 1,573 1,527 1,632
Government 691 700 718
 Federal 115 115 113
 Territorial 576 585 605

 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4,816 4,532 4,666
Private industries 4,085 3,807 3,940
 Goods-producing industries 1,923 1,660 1,609
 Services-producing industries 2,256 2,171 2,309
 Wholesale and retail trade 368 352 372
 Accommodation and food services 346 310 302
 Other services, except government 1,540 1,509 1,636
Government 728 721 726
 Federal 115 121 124
 Territorial 613 600 603

Table D.2.3. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

 Gross domestic product -1.0 3.4 3.7 4.0
Private industries -2.8 3.9 5.0 4.5
 Goods-producing industries -13.1 8.3 3.3 16.1
 Services-producing industries 1.1 2.2 6.0 -2.0
 Wholesale and retail trade -4.3 2.5 7.8 1.2
 Accommodation and food services 5.4 5.4 1.8 -1.3
 Other services, except government 1.6 1.5 6.4 -2.9
Government 6.6 0.4 -2.2 1.2
 Federal 9.0 11.0 -0.5 -0.5
 Territorial 6.3 -1.3 -2.5 1.6

 2007 2008 2009 2010

 Gross domestic product 4.3 -0.4 -5.9 2.9
Private industries 4.8 -1.0 -0.8 3.5
 Goods-producing industries -1.0 14.0 -13.7 -3.1
 Services-producing industries 8.4 -7.7 -3.7 6.4
 Wholesale and retail trade 6.5 -13.6 -4.4 5.6
 Accommodation and food services 17.9 -9.9 -10.5 -2.5
 Other services, except government 6.9 -5.6 -2.0 8.5
Government 2.6 1.4 -0.9 0.7
 Federal -1.8 2.1 5.2 2.2
 Territorial 3.5 1.2 -2.1 0.5

Table D.2.4. Contributions to Percent Change
in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry

 2003 2004 2005 2006

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product -1.0 3.4 3.7 4.0
Percentage points:
Private industries -2.30 3.16 4.11 3.72
 Goods-producing industries -2.92 1.90 0.95 4.79
 Services-producing industries 0.62 1.27 3.16 -1.06
 Wholesale and retail trade -0.44 0.24 0.69 0.11
 Accommodation and food services 0.44 0.44 0.14 -0.10
 Other services, except government 0.63 0.58 2.33 -1.07
Government 1.25 0.08 -0.38 0.20
 Federal 0.23 0.30 -0.01 -0.01
 Territorial 1.03 -0.21 -0.36 0.22

 2007 2008 2009 2010

Percent change:
 Gross domestic product 4.3 -0.4 -5.9 2.9
Percentage points:
Private industries 4.00 -0.76 -0.49 2.77
 Goods-producing industries -0.31 3.59 -3.40 -0.75
 Services-producing industries 4.32 -4.35 -2.09 3.52
 Wholesale and retail trade 0.58 -1.31 -0.38 0.49
 Accommodation and food services 1.34 -0.89 -0.93 -0.21
 Other services, except government 2.40 -2.15 -0.77 3.24
Government 0.45 0.24 -0.18 0.15
 Federal -0.05 0.06 0.16 0.07
 Territorial 0.50 0.18 -0.34 0.08

NOTE. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change
in real gross domestic product because of rounding and differences in
source data used to estimate GDP by industry and the expenditures
measure of real GDP

Table D.2.5. Compensation of Employees by Industry
[Millions of dollars]

 2002 2003 2004

 Total compensation 1,683 1,676 1,775
Private industries 1,063 1,015 1,136
 Goods-producing industries 261 188 224
 Services-producing industries 802 827 911
 Wholesale and retail trade 169 172 184
 Accommodation and food services 149 159 172
 Other services, except government 484 496 555
Government 621 661 640
 Federal 86 94 111
 Territorial 535 567 529

 2005 2006 2007

 Total compensation 1,922 2,064 2,174
Private industries 1,270 1,321 1,415
 Goods-producing industries 286 329 369
 Services-producing industries 984 992 1,046
 Wholesale and retail trade 189 191 201
 Accommodation and food services 177 183 199
 Other services, except government 617 618 646
Government 652 743 758
 Federal 116 123 126
 Territorial 536 621 632

 2008 2009 2010

 Total compensation 2,222 2,153 2,274
Private industries 1,428 1,334 1,401
 Goods-producing industries 344 318 330
 Services-producing industries 1,083 1,016 1,071
 Wholesale and retail trade 203 194 193
 Accommodation and food services 209 184 196
 Other services, except government 672 638 681
Government 794 818 873
 Federal 132 140 150
 Territorial 662 678 723

NOTE. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Territorial Economic Accounts

Future Directions

This project represents an important step toward achieving BEA and OIA's long-term goal: to integrate these territories into the full set of U.S. national income and product accounts. A primary obstacle to realizing this goal is the lack of coverage of these four territories by most of the major surveys used by BEA to produce its estimates of GDP and related economic measures. (1) Until the territories are included in these surveys, BEA will continue to depend heavily on the assistance and information provided by each of the territorial governments.

Over the coming months, BEA will continue to work closely with the territorial governments to update the economic accounts for the four territories. Estimates for 2011, in addition to revised estimates for 2002-2010, are scheduled to be released in the spring of 2013.

Future enhancements to the estimates for the four territories (subject to data availability and funding) include developing supplementary measures included in the full set of the U.S. NIPAs, such as personal income and personal saving rates.

Appendix: Summary of Methodologies

The methodologies used to estimate GDP and GDP by industry for American Samoa, the CNMI, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands are summarized in this appendix. These methods are consistent with the methods used to estimate GDP and GDP by industry for the United States (excluding the territories). Information from the Economic Census of Island Areas was used to establish levels of GDP for each territory for 2002 and 2007; for other years, annual series were developed and used to estimate the components of GDP and of GDP by industry.

Gross domestic product

Consumer spending. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) consists primarily of purchases of goods and services by households. (2) For American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam, economic census data on the consumer shares of sales for each industry sector were used to benchmark the estimates of household purchases of most goods. For the CNMI and Guam, annual growth rates for most goods and services were derived using gross business revenue data, data on imports of goods, and trade source data; for American Samoa, annual growth rates for most goods were derived using data on imports of goods. Annual estimates of goods for the U.S. Virgin Islands were mostly based on imports data from the Census Bureau's U.S. Trade With Puerto Rico and U.S. Possessions (series FT895) and U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services (series FT900). (3)

Estimates not benchmarked to economic census data included housing services, utilities services, and financial services, which were estimated independently. Housing services were estimated using information on the number of occupied housing units and average rental rates reported in the Census of Population and Housing. Utilities services were estimated using revenue data reported by government-owned utilities and by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Other services not covered by the economic census--such as financial services furnished without payment, insurance, and sales by government--were estimated using data from private trade sources and government finance reports.

Private investment. Private investment consists of spending on new fixed assets--equipment, software and structures by private businesses, and improvements to existing assets. It also includes the construction of new residential structures and the improvements to these structures. (4) Because of data limitations, estimates of private investment in equipment and software and in structures were indirectly measured. Investment in equipment and software was estimated based on the value of imports of capital goods or on economic census data for the business share of sales of the wholesale durable-goods sector. (5) Investment in structures was estimated using building permit data, payroll data, and construction industry receipts less sales to other construction firms and less sales to government as reported in the economic census. (6)

Net exports of goods and services. The estimates of exports of goods to the United States from the four territories reflected data from the Census Bureau's FT895 publication. Estimates of exports of goods from American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam to the rest of the world were based on information compiled by the territorial governments. Estimates of exports of goods from the U.S. Virgin Islands to the rest of the world were based on data from the Census Bureau's FT900 publication. Estimates of imports of goods for American Samoa, the CNMI, and Guam were based on values or quantities of imported commodities reported by the territorial governments. For the U.S. Virgin Islands, estimates of imports of goods reflected data from the series FT895 and FT900 publications.

Information on imports of services and on exports of services other than tourism was limited. Estimates of exports of tourism services for the CNMI and Guam were based on survey data on tourist expenditures and visitor arrivals provided by the territorial government visitors' authorities. For the U.S. Virgin Islands, the estimate of exports of tourism services was based on expenditures of cruise ship passengers available from the Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association and total visitor expenditures provided by the Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research. (7)

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment. The estimates of government expenditures were prepared separately for the territorial governments and for the federal government sector. The primary sources of information for the territorial government estimates were financial statements of the primary governments and of the government component units. The primary data sources for the federal government estimates were the Census Bureau's Consolidated Federal Funds Report, and the Federal Procurement Data System. Information on military pay was provided by the Department of Defense.

Estimates of real GDE Inflation-adjusted estimates of total GDP and its components were derived within a chain-type Fisher Index framework. For most of the detailed components of GDP, inflation-adjusted estimates were calculated by deflating each component using an appropriate price index. Consumer price indexes produced by each territorial government were used to deflate most of the detailed components of PCE. Inflation-adjusted estimates for most components other than PCE were calculated using U.S. prices from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

GDP by industry

Current-dollar estimates. The 2007 estimates of GDP by industry were prepared for broad industry groups using a methodology that was developed to incorporate data from the Economic Census of Island Areas. Current-dollar value added for most private industries was extrapolated using indicators such as gross business revenues and compensation. For select private industries, data were available to separately extrapolate gross output and intermediate inputs. These industries included the manufacturing sector in American Samoa and the CNMI and the goods-producing sector in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Current-dollar value added for the government sector was prepared separately for the territorial government and the federal government sectors; the primary sources of information were the data sources identified for government consumption expenditures and gross investment.

Real estimates. Inflation-adjusted estimates of GDP by industry were derived within a chain-type Fisher Index framework. For most industry sectors, the statistics on chained-dollar value added were prepared using the single-deflation method. Under this method, current-dollar value added of an industry is divided by a gross output price index. (8) For industries for which data were available to separately estimate gross output and intermediate inputs, a double-deflation method was used. Under the double-deflation method, current-dollar gross output and current-dollar intermediate inputs are deflated separately, and real value added is computed as the difference between real gross output and real intermediate inputs. Price indexes and other value and quantity data produced by each territorial government, in addition to select U.S. prices, were used in the deflation of value added, gross output, and intermediate inputs.

(1.) These surveys include merchant wholesale trade and retail trade surveys; the annual capital expenditures survey; value of construction put in place; the service annual survey; the annual survey of manufactures; manufacturers' shipments, inventories, and orders; and government finances. The Census Bureau's County Business Patterns program was recently expanded to include the U.S. territories.

(2.) A small portion of PCE consists of expenses of nonprofit institutions serving households.

(3.) It was assumed for both American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin Islands that most consumer purchases of goods were imported.

(4.) For American Samoa and the U.S. Virgin islands, private investment also includes private inventory investment (or "change in private inventories").

(5.) For Guam, after discussion with officials in the Guam Bureau of Statistics and Plans, it was assumed that a majority of the goods purchased by durable-goods wholesalers for resale were imported.

(6.) The method assumed that the receipts by construction industry reported in the economic census were collected for work done in the same year.

(7.) Exports of tourism services were a small component of American Samoa's economy, so they are not discussed.

(8.) Single deflation approximates the results obtained by double deflation when the prices of an industry's intermediate inputs increase at about the same rate as its output prices.

Acknowledgements

Aya Hamano of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Wali Osman of the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) oversaw the preparation of the estimates of gross domestic product for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

From BEA, Andrew G. Schmidt prepared the estimates of GDP for American Samoa, Nicole M. Mayerhauser prepared the estimates of GDP for the CNMI and for Guam, and Nadia F. Sadee prepared the estimates of GDP for the U.S. Virgin Islands. Brian C. Moyer, Deputy Director, Brent R. Moulton, Associate Director for National Economic Accounts, and Carol E. Moylan, Associate Director for Industry Economic Accounts, provided overall supervision.

Other significant contributors from BEA were Melissa J. Braybrooks, William A. Jolliff, Erin M. Ludlow, Clinton E McCully, Edward T. Morgan, William H. Nicolls IV, Sarah J. Pack, Andrew J. Pinard, Bonnie A. Retus, Marlyn Rodriguez, Karl V. Rohrer, and Keith E Zipay.

The Company Statistics Division of the U.S. Census Bureau provided data from the Economic Census of Island Areas.

From the U.S. Department of the Interior, Tony Babauta, Assistant Secretary for Insular Affairs, and Nikolao Pula, Director of OIA, provided support throughout the project. Lydia Faleafine-Nomura and Basil Ottley of OIA served as liaisons between BEA and the territorial governments.

BEA would also like to thank the governor's offices of the four territories for their contributions. Governor Togiola T.A. Tulafono and Lieutenant Governor Faoa A. Sunia of American Samoa, Governor Benigno Fitial and Lieutenant Governor Eloy Inos of the CNMI, Governor Eddie B. Calvo and Lieutenant Governor Ray S. Tenorio of Guam, and Governor John P. de Jongh and Lieutenant Governor Gregory R. Francis of the U.S. Virgin Islands contributed guidance and support throughout the project.

Other key contributors from each territory are listed below.

American Samoa: Lelei Peau, Acting Director, DOC; Ma'u A-Leha, Chief Statistician, DOC; Mine Timoteo, Senior Administrative Assistant, DOC; Alex Zodiacal, Manager-Economic & Business Development Division, DOC; Magalei Logovi'i, Treasurer, Department of Treasury (DOT); Melvin Joseph, Manager, Tax Office, DOT; Glen Lefiti, Chief Customs Officer, DOT; Malemo Tausaga, Director, Budget Office; Meki Sene, CEO, American Samoa Telecommunications Authority; Andra Samoa, CEO, American Samoa Power Authority; Michael Gerstenberger, CEO, LBJ Medical Center; Seth Galea'i, Dean, American Samoa Community College; Sione Kava, Petroleum Officer, Office of Petroleum Management; Brett Butler, General Manager, Star Kist Samoa.

CNMI: Sixto Igisomar, Secretary, Department of Commerce; Ivan A. Blanco, Deputy Secretary, Department of Commerce; Alfonis M. Sound, Director, Central Statistics Division (CSD); Perry Inos Jr., Former Director, CSD; Justin H. Andrew, Computer Specialist, CSD; Fermin Sakisat Jr., Statistics Specialist, CSD; Edward Deleon Guerrero, Executive Director, Commonwealth Ports Authority (CPA); MaryAnn Q. Lizama, Manager of the Port of Saipan, CPA; Derek T. Sasamoto, Comptroller, CPA; Perry J. E Tenorio, Director, Marianas Visitors Authority (MVA); Judy C. Torres, Deputy Director, MVA; Larissa Larson, Secretary, Department of Finance (DOF); Pam Halstead, Business License Analyst, DOF; Canice Diaz, Revenue Agent, DOF; Marie T. Muna, Computer Programmer, DOF; Vivian P. Nogis, Statistics Specialist, DOF.

Guam: Franklin E Arriola, Chief of Staff, Office of the Governor; Henry Taitano, Special Assistant for Social and Economic Affairs, Office of the Governor; Thomas A. Morrison, Director, Bureau of Statistics and Plans (BSP); Albert Perez, Chief Economist, BSP; Benita A. Manglona, Director, Department of Administration; George A. Santos, Director, Department of Labor (DOL); Gary Hiles, Chief Economist, DOL; John Camacho, Director, Department of Revenue and Taxation (DRT); Marie Benito, Deputy Director, DRT; John A. Rios, Director, Bureau of Budget and Management Research; Karl Pangelinan, Administrator, Guam Economic Development Authority; Doris E Brooks, Public Auditor, Office of the Public Auditor; Joann G. Camacho, General Manager, Guam Visitors Bureau (GVB); Deborah M. Phillips, Research Manager, GVB.

U.S. Virgin Islands: Wharton Berger, Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Economic Research (VIBER); Donnie Dorsett, Economist, VIBER; Claudette Watson-Anderson, Director, Virgin Islands Bureau of Internal Revenue; Valdamier O. Collens, Executive Assistant Commissioner, Virgin Islands Department of Finance; Sandra Rey, Senior Research Analyst, Virgin Islands Department of Labor; Virgin Islands Office of Management and Budget.