文章基本信息

标题：Reconciliation of the United States-Canadian current account, 2008 and 2009.
作者：Berman, Barbara ; Dozier, Edward ; Caron, Denis 等
期刊名称：Survey of Current Business
印刷版ISSN：0039-6222
出版年度：2010
期号：December
语种：English
出版社：U.S. Government Printing Office
摘要：Aggregated results of the reconciliations are presented in this article and in table 1 following this article. (3) Detailed results of the reconciliations are presented in tables 2-7 following this article. Table 2 shows the major types of reconciliation adjustments-definitional, methodological, and statistical--that were made to major current-account components (see the section "Summary of Reconciliation Methodology" for descriptions of the reconciliation items). Table 3 shows the official statistics published by each country, the statistics on a common basis (after definitional and methodological adjustments), the reconciled statistics (after statistical adjustments), and the total adjustment for each major current-account component. Tables 4-7 show the reconciliation details for goods, services, and investment income?
关键词：Dividends;Economic conditions;Investments
Reconciliation of the United States-Canadian current account, 2008 and 2009.
Berman, Barbara ; Dozier, Edward ; Caron, Denis 等
THIS ARTICLE presents the results of a reconciliation of the bilateral current-account statistics of Canada and the United States for 2008 and 2009. (1) Bilateral reconciliation exercises are useful for identifying potential improvements in measures of international transactions between trading partners. On a reconciled basis, the U.S. current-account balance with Canada is a U.S. deficit and Canadian surplus of $47.3 billion for 2008 and a U.S. surplus and Canadian deficit of $5.0 billion for 2009 (chart 1, table 1). (2) The official U.S. current-account balance with Canada is a U.S. deficit of $28.6 billion for 2008 and a U.S. surplus of $14.5 billion for 2009. The official Canadian current-account balance is a Canadian surplus of $47.3 billion for 2008 and a Canadian deficit of $3.6 billion for 2009.

Aggregated results of the reconciliations are presented in this article and in table 1 following this article. (3) Detailed results of the reconciliations are presented in tables 2-7 following this article. Table 2 shows the major types of reconciliation adjustments-definitional, methodological, and statistical--that were made to major current-account components (see the section "Summary of Reconciliation Methodology" for descriptions of the reconciliation items). Table 3 shows the official statistics published by each country, the statistics on a common basis (after definitional and methodological adjustments), the reconciled statistics (after statistical adjustments), and the total adjustment for each major current-account component. Tables 4-7 show the reconciliation details for goods, services, and investment income?
[GRAPHIC 1 OMITTED]

Reconciled Current-Account Balances

For the U.S. current account, the reconciliation results in an upward adjustment to the U.S. deficit for 2008 of $18.7 billion and a downward adjustment to the U.S. surplus for 2009 of $9.5 billion. For both years, the adjustments to the U.S. balance mostly reflect upward adjustments to U.S. southbound transactions; the adjustments to U.S. northbound transactions were relatively small (tables 2.1 and 2.2)? For both years, the largest adjustments to U.S. southbound transactions result from definitional adjustments to add Canadian reexports to U.S. goods imports and from statistical adjustments to "other" services. For both years, the largest upward adjustments to U.S. northbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to "other" services and from definitional adjustments to "other" investment income. For both years, the largest downward adjustments to U.S. northbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to direct investment income.

For the Canadian current account, the reconciliation results in a slight adjustment to the Canadian surplus for 2008 and in an upward adjustment to the Canadian deficit for 2009 of $1.4 billion. For 2008, the small adjustment to the Canadian surplus reflects nearly offsetting downward adjustments to Canadian southbound and Canadian northbound transactions. For 2009, the upward adjustment to the Canadian deficit reflects downward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions that are partly offset by downward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions.

For both years, the largest downward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions result from definitional adjustments to eliminate withholding taxes from current unilateral transfers, from statistical adjustments to affiliated services, and from definitional adjustments to "other" investment income. For 2008, the largest upward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions result from definitional and statistical adjustments to goods, and for 2009, the largest upward adjustments to Canadian southbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to goods and direct investment income. For both years, the largest downward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions result from definitional adjustments to eliminate withholding taxes from direct investment and "other" investment income, from statistical adjustments to affiliated services, and from methodological adjustments to bring "other" investment income to a net basis. For both years, the largest upward adjustments to Canadian northbound transactions result from statistical adjustments to direct investment income and unaffiliated services.
Summary of Reconciliation Methodology

To reconcile the official U.S. and Canadian bilateral current-account statistics, they are first restated to a common basis--that is, they are adjusted for definitional and methodological differences--and, then statistical adjustments are applied to reach the reconciled values. The framework for restating the statistics to a common basis mainly follows the international guidelines published in the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual (fifth edition). The official U.S. and Canadian statistics now largely conform to the international guidelines, but some differences from the international guidelines--and between the U.S. and Canadian statistics--remain because of data limitations, difficulties in determining country attribution, and differences in classification. In addition, the international guidelines can sometimes provide for more than one acceptable treatment.

Definitional adjustments mainly reflect data limitations and differences in country attribution. For example, as part of the reconciliation, U.S. official statistics on imports of goods from Canada are adjusted to include Canadian reexports to the United States--goods imported by Canada from third countries and then reexported to the United States without substantial changes--because U.S. imports of goods are recorded on a country-of-origin basis. This adjustment increases the U.S. goods deficit with Canada and reduces the U.S. goods deficit with other countries. Another example of a definitional adjustment is that the Canadian official statistics, mainly investment income, are adjusted to a common basis that is net of withholding taxes because some U.S. withholding taxes are included on a global basis in the U.S. official statistics and cannot be allocated by country for comparison with the Canadian statistics. While this definitional adjustment results in reconciled statistics that are inconsistent with international guidelines, the statistics could not be compared on a common basis without it.

Methodological adjustments mainly reflect differences in classification. For example, U.S. official statistics on film rentals and courier services are recorded in various services accounts; for the reconciliation, they are reclassified to a single account. A few U.S. and Canadian accounts, mainly interest income, are adjusted to a net or gross basis for comparability; these adjustments do not affect the current-account balance because the northbound and the southbound adjustments are offsetting.

Statistical differences reflect the use of different source data in the United States and Canada, the difficulty in determining country attribution because of insufficient data, the preliminary nature of some data (particularly for the most recent year), and the use of sample data between benchmarks. For both the northbound and the southbound statistics, most of the statistical differences are in the "other" services and investment income accounts.

Acknowledgements

The reconciliations were carried out under the direction of Denis Caron, Chief of the Current Account at Statistics Canada, Edward Dozier, Chief of the Travel and Transportation Section at BEA, and Barbara Berman, international economist at BEA. At Statistics Canada, David Benes was responsible for the production and coordination of the reconciliation; Denis Caron was responsible for reconciling Canadian goods and services; Christian Lajule for Canadian direct investment income; and Eric Boulay for Canadian portfolio investment income, with the collaboration and assistance of Komal Bobal, Marie-Josee Lamontagne, Eric Simard, and Sana Yousuf. At BEA, Mai-Chi Hoang was responsible for reconciling goods; Edward Dozier and Anne Flatness for services, with the assistance of Lori Chang for financial services; Gregory Fouch and Peter Fox for the accounts related to Canadian direct investment in the United States; Mark New for the accounts related to U.S. direct investment in Canada; and Barbara Berman and Kyle Westmoreland for the portfolio income accounts.

Tables 2.1 through 7.2 follow.

Note on the United States-Canadian Current-Account Reconciliation

The United States-Canadian current-account reconciliation, which explains the differences between the official bilateral statistics published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and those published by Statistics Canada, is undertaken because of the extensive economic links between Canada and the United States. The reconciled statistics are intended to assist analysts who use both countries' statistics by showing how the current-account statistics would appear if both countries used common definitions, methodologies, and data sources. (1a)

In principle, the bilateral current account of one country should mirror the bilateral current account of the other country. Differences occur in the official statistics of the U.S. and Canadian current accounts because of variations in the definitions, methodologies, and source data used by each country. Some of the differences for 2009 are in components of the current account for which data are preliminary and subject to revision; these differences may be reduced or eliminated when final data for these components are incorporated.

The longstanding United States-Canadian current-account reconciliation is among the leading examples of the benefits of international data exchanges. As a part of the reconciliation process, Canada and the United States have evaluated the accuracy of each other's statistics, and as a result, each country now includes in its official statistics data that are provided by the other country. The exchange of data between Canada and the United States for transactions--such as trade in goods, travel, passenger fares, Canadian and U.S. government transactions, and some large transportation transactions--covers a substantial portion of the value of the Canadian and U.S. current accounts and has eliminated some of the differences in the Canadian and U.S. official statistics. In addition, the reconciliation process has identified areas where errors and omissions may exist, helping each country to target data improvement efforts.

Although the U.S. and Canadian official statistics are reconciled and extensive exchanges of data take place between Canada and the United States, differences in the official statistics remain. Complete substitution of the reconciled statistics for official statistics and complete exchange of data are not feasible for several reasons. For trade in goods, imports in the U.S. accounts would be affected because the United States attributes Canadian reexports to the country of origin rather than to Canada, the last country of shipment. For some accounts, the protection of the confidentiality of the source data bars the exchange of data. Finally, a few differences are attributable to different requirements for integrating the international and national (domestic) accounts in each country.

(1a.) A detailed article on the methodology was published by BEA in "Reconciliation of the U.S.-Canadian Current Account" in the November 1992 SURVEY and by Statistics Canada in Reconciliation of the Canadian-United States Current Account, 1990-1991. Statistics Canada also published a shortened version in the December 1992 Canadian Economic Observer and in Canada's Balance of International Payments, Third Quarter 1992.

(1.) A country's current account, a component of its balance-of-payments (or international transactions) accounts, measures transactions in goods, services, income, and net unilateral current transfers between residents of that country and nonresidents.

(2.) The reconciled statistics show how current-account items would appear if both countries used the same definitions, methodologies, and data sources. In this article, all values are expressed in U.S. dollars.

(3.) The reconciliation of the current account was undertaken each year from I970 to 2008. Following the 2008 reconciliation, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and Statistics Canada agreed to reconcile every other year. Summary results of the reconciliations were published in the United States in the following issues of the SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS: June 1975, September 1976 and 1977, December 1978 and 1979, June 1981, and each December of 1981-91. Complete details of the reconciliations were published in the following issues of the SURVEY: November 1992, each October of 1993-95, and each November of 1996-2008. In Canada, the results were published in the following issues of Canada's Balance of International Payments (catalogue 67-001), a publication of Statistics Canada: Fourth Quarter 1973, Second Quarter 1976 and 1977, Third Quarter 1978 and 1979, First Quarter 1981, and each Third Quarter of 1981-2008.

(4.) The reconciled statistics presented in the tables following this article may differ from the official statistics published by BEA and by Statistics Canada.

(5.) In this article, the term "northbound" refers to U.S. exports of goods and services, U.S. income receipts, and current unilateral transfers to the United States, and it refers to Canadian imports of goods and services, Canadian income payments, and current unilateral transfers from Canada. The term "southbound" refers to U.S. imports of goods and services, U.S. income payments, and current unilateral transfers from the United States, and it refers to Canadian exports of goods and services, Canadian income receipts, and current unilateral transfers to Canada.

This article will also be published in Statistics Canada's Canadian Economic Accounts Quarterly Review, Fourth Quarter 2010.
Table 1. Major United States--Canadian Balances
[Billions of U.S. dollars]

                                    Official         Reconciled
                                   statistics        statistics

                                United   Canada   United   Canada
                                States            States
2008

Goods and services               -60.8     70.0    -75.8     75.8
  Goods                          -80.4     83.0    -92.8     92.8
  Services                        19.6    -13.0     17.0    -17.0
Income                            34.0    -26.5     29.9    -29.9
Current unilateral transfers      -1.8      3.8     -1.4      1.4

Current account                  -28.6     47.3    -47.3     47.3

2009

Goods and services                -2.8     17.8    -15.7     15.7
  Goods                          -22.4     30.5    -33.5     33.5
  Services                        19.7    -12.7     17.8    -17.8
Income                            19.8    -24.3     22.5    -22.5
Current unilateral transfers      -2.5      2.8     -1.8      1.8
  Current account                 14.5     -3.0      5.0     -5.0

NOTES. A U.S. surplus (+) is a Canadian deficit (-), and a Canadian
surplus (+) is a U.S. deficit Details may not add to totals because
of rounding.

Table 2.1. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Northbound, 2008
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                                       Definitional

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                         5     -1,798
  Definitional adjustments                               5     -1,798
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                   ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...
  Statistical adjustments.                             ...

Services                                               ...     -1,071

  Travel                                               ...        ...
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                 ...       -200
    Definitional adjustments                           ...       -200
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports from goods                                 ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from unaffiliated services                       ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                       ...       -871

  Affiliated                                           ...        ...
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of financial services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of selected services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Unaffiliated                                         ...       -871
    Definitional adjustments                           ...       -871
    Reclassification of transactions to or from
      other accounts                                   ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
  U.S. military sales                                  ...        ...

Income                                               1,289     -3,827

  Direct investment                                    -46     -1,104
    Definitional adjustments                           -46     -1,104
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                   1,336     -2,723
    Definitional adjustments.                        1,336     -2,723
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
  Compensation of employees.                           ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                           ...     -1,215
  Definitional adjustments                             ...     -1,215
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Total adjustments                                    1,294     -7,911

                                                      Methodological

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                      -394       -119
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                  -394        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...       -119
  Statistical adjustments.                             ...        ...

Services                                               394       -117

  Travel                                             1,207        ...
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            885        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            322        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                 236        247
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                           -158        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports from goods                                 394        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from unaffiliated services                       ...        168
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...         79
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                    -1,049       -364

  Affiliated                                          -581     -1,555
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of financial services to
      unaffiliated services                           -581       -965
    Reclassification of selected services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -511
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        -79
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Unaffiliated                                        -468      1,191
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of transactions to or from
      other accounts                                  -468      1,191
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
  U.S. military sales                                  ...        ...

Income                                              -1,201     -2,655

  Direct investment                                    ...       -802
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...       -802
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                  -1,201     -2,029
    Definitional adjustments.                          ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -1,201     -2,029
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
  Compensation of employees.                           ...        176
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        176

Current unilateral transfers                            39         60
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...         60
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis         39        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Total adjustments                                   -1,162     -2,831

                                                       Statistical

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                        98       -216
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments.                              98       -216

Services                                             3,120      1,532

  Travel                                              -241        134
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                           -241        134

  Passenger fares                                     -227        ...

  Other transportation                                 271       -100
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports from goods                                 ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from unaffiliated services                       ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            271       -100

  Other services                                     3,317      1,498

  Affiliated                                         2,582     -2,582
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of financial services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of selected services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                          2,582     -2,582

  Unaffiliated                                         735      3,806
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of transactions to or from
      other accounts                                   ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            735      3,806
  U.S. military sales                                             274

Income                                              -6,661      7,267

  Direct investment                                 -6,086      6,086
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                         -6,086      6,086

  Other investment                                    -575      1,195
    Definitional adjustments.                          ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                           -575      1,195
  Compensation of employees.                           ...        -14
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        -14

Current unilateral transfers                           347       -346
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              347       -346

Total adjustments                                   -3,096      8,237

                                                          Total

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                      -291     -2,133
  Definitional adjustments                               5     -1,798
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                  -394        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...       -119
  Statistical adjustments.                              98       -216

Services                                             3,514        343

  Travel                                               966        134
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            885        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            322        ...
    Statistical adjustments                           -241        134

  Passenger fares                                     -227        ...

  Other transportation                                 507        -53
    Definitional adjustments                           ...       -200
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                           -158        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports from goods                                 394        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from unaffiliated services                       ...        168
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...         79
    Statistical adjustments                            271       -100

  Other services                                     2,268        262

  Affiliated                                         2,001     -4,138
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of financial services to
      unaffiliated services                           -581       -965
    Reclassification of selected services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -511
    Reclassification of transportation services
      from affiliated services                         ...        -79
    Statistical adjustments                          2,582     -2,582

  Unaffiliated                                         267      4,126
    Definitional adjustments                           ...       -871
    Reclassification of transactions to or from
      other accounts                                  -468      1,191
    Statistical adjustments                            735      3,806
  U.S. military sales                                  ...        274

Income                                              -6,573        785

  Direct investment                                 -6,132      4,180
    Definitional adjustments                           -46     -1,104
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...       -802
    Statistical adjustments                         -6,086      6,086

  Other investment                                    -440     -3,557
    Definitional adjustments.                        1,336     -2,723
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -1,201     -2,029
    Statistical adjustments                           -575      1,195
  Compensation of employees.                           ...        162
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        162

Current unilateral transfers                           386     -1,501
  Definitional adjustments                             ...     -1,215
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...         60
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis         39        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              347       -346

Total adjustments                                   -2,964     -2,506

Table 2.1. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Northbound, 2009
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                                       Definitional

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                         5     -1,753
  Definitional adjustments                               5     -1,753
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                               ...       -958
  Travel                                               ...        ...
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                 ...       -115
      Definitional adjustments                         ...       -115
      Reclassification of courier services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
        ports from goads                               ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from unaffiliated services            ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
  Other services                                       ...       -843
    Affiliated                                         ...        -69
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        -69
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                       ...       -774
      Definitional adjustments                         ...       -774
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
    U.S. military sales                                ...        ...

Income                                               1,327     -1,812
  Direct investment                                    -31       -107
    Definitional adjustments                           -31       -107
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                   1,358     -1,705
    Definitional adjustments                         1,358     -1,705
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                           ...     -1,158
  Definitional adjustments                             ...     -1,158
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a grass basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...
    Total adjustments                                1,332     -5,681

                                                      Methodological

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                      -198       -123
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                  -198        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...       -123
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                               198       -104
  Travel                                               ...      1,280
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            938        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            342        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                  78        245
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of courier services to
        unaffiliated services                         -120        ...
      Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
        ports from goads                               198        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from unaffiliated services            ...        170
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...         75
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
  Other services                                    -1,160       -349
    Affiliated                                        -563     -1,519
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -563       -922
      Reclassification of selected services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...       -522
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        -75
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                      -597      1,170
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                           -597      1,170
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
    U.S. military sales                                ...        ...

Income                                                -202     -1,470
  Direct investment                                    ...     -1,042
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...     -1,042
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                    -202       -600
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis      -202       -600
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            ...        172
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        172

Current unilateral transfers                          -717         55
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...         55
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a grass basis       -717        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...
    Total adjustments                                 -919     -1,642

                                                       Statistical

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                      -326        -95
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                             -326        -95

Services                                             2,652      3,346
  Travel                                              -129        159
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                           -129        159

  Passenger fares                                      -97        ...

  Other transportation                                 125         76
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of courier services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
        ports from goads                               ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from unaffiliated services            ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          125         76
  Other services                                         3      3,111
    Affiliated                                       2,032     -2,032
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                        2,032     -2,032

    Unaffiliated                                       721      4,852
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          721      4,852
    U.S. military sales                                ...        291

Income                                                -937      1,229
  Direct investment                                 -2,052      2,052
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                         -2,052      2,052

  Other investment                                   1,115       -806
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                          1,115       -806

  Compensation of employees                            ...        -17
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        -17

Current unilateral transfers                           728       -728
  Definitional adjustments                             ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a grass basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              728       -728
    Total adjustments                                2,117      3,752

                                                           Total

                                                    United     Canada
                                                    States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                      -519     -1,971
  Definitional adjustments                               5     -1,753
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
    ports to transportation services                  -198        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...       -123
  Statistical adjustments                             -326        -95

Services                                             2,850      2,283
  Travel                                             1,151        159
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            938        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            342        ...
    Statistical adjustments                           -129        159

  Passenger fares                                      -97        ...

  Other transportation                                 204        206
      Definitional adjustments                         ...       -115
      Reclassification of courier services to
        unaffiliated services                         -120        ...
      Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
        ports from goads                               198        ...
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from unaffiliated services            ...        170
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...         75
      Statistical adjustments                          125         76
  Other services                                     1,592      1,918
    Affiliated                                       1,469     -3,621
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        -69
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -563       -922
      Reclassification of selected services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...       -522
      Reclassification of transportation
        services from affiliated services              ...        -75
      Statistical adjustments                        2,032     -2,032

    Unaffiliated                                       123      5,248
      Definitional adjustments                         ...       -774
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                           -597      1,170
      Statistical adjustments                          721      4,852
    U.S. military sales                                ...        291

Income                                                 188     -2,053
  Direct investment                                 -2,083        903
    Definitional adjustments                           -31       -107
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...     -1,042
    Statistical adjustments                         -2,052      2,052

  Other investment                                   2,271     -3,111
    Definitional adjustments                         1,358     -1,705
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis      -202       -600
    Statistical adjustments                          1,115       -806

  Compensation of employees                            ...        155
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        155

Current unilateral transfers                            11     -1,831
  Definitional adjustments                             ...     -1,158
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...         55
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a grass basis       -717        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              728       -728
    Total adjustments                                2,530     -3,572

Table 2.2. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Southbound, 2008
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                                       Definitional

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                     5,973     12,729
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...     12,006
  Other definitional adjustments                     5,973        723
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                            -1,445        ...

  Travel                                               ...        ...
  Reclassification of education from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Reclassification of medical services from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                 ...        -69
    Definitional adjustments                           -69        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                       ...     -1,376

    Affiliated.                                        ...        ...
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                  ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                       ...     -1,376
      Definitional adjustments                      -1,376        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    U.S. defense expenditures                          ...        ...

Income                                              -2,321       -302
  Direct investment                                   -205       -302
      Definitional adjustments                        -205       -302
      Adjustment of interest income to a net
        basis                                          ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

  Other investment                                     ...     -2,116
    Definitional adjustments                        -2,116        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                        -4,230        ...
  Definitional adjustments.                         -4,230        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...
    Total adjustments                               -2,023     12,427

                                                      Methodological

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                    -1,085       -645
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...        ...
  Other definitional adjustments                       ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...       -645
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                           -1,085        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                               425        645

  Travel                                               ...        244
  Reclassification of education from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        140
  Reclassification of medical services from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        104
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                  79        378
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -267
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        645
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                         79        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                       346         23

    Affiliated.                                     -1,363       -369
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -895       -369
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                 -393        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        -75        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                     1,709        392
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                          1,713        392
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                         -4        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    U.S. defense expenditures                          ...        ...

Income                                              -2,460     -1,201
  Direct investment                                   -802        ...
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Adjustment of interest income to a net
        basis                                         -802        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

  Other investment                                  -2,029     -1,201
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -2,029     -1,201
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            371        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        371        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                           289         39
  Definitional adjustments.                            ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          289        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...         39
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...
    Total adjustments                               -2,831     -1,162

                                                       Statistical

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                     2,842         88
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...        ...
  Other definitional adjustments                       ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                            2,842         88

Services                                            -2,670      5,388

  Travel                                               ...         31
  Reclassification of education from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Reclassification of medical services from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...         31

  Passenger fares                                      ...         12

  Other transportation                                  43         35
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                             43         35

  Other services                                    -2,713      5,310

    Affiliated.                                     -2,982      2,982
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                  ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                       -2,982      2,982

    Unaffiliated                                       263      2,328
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          263      2,328

    U.S. defense expenditures                            6        ...

Income                                               2,216       -963
  Direct investment                                    499       -499
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Adjustment of interest income to a net
        basis                                          ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          499       -499

  Other investment                                   1,527       -464
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                          1,527       -464

  Compensation of employees                            190        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            190        ...

Current unilateral transfers                            11        -12
  Definitional adjustments.                            ...        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          ...        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                               11        -12
    Total adjustments                                2,399      4,501

                                                          Total

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                     7,730     12,172
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...     12,006
  Other definitional adjustments                     5,973        723
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...       -645
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                           -1,085        ...
  Statistical adjustments                            2,842         88

Services                                            -3,689      6,033

  Travel                                               ...        275
  Reclassification of education from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        140
  Reclassification of medical services from
    unaffiliated services                              ...        104
  Statistical adjustments                              ...         31

  Passenger fares                                      ...         12

  Other transportation                                  53        413
    Definitional adjustments                           -69        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -267
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        645
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                         79        ...
    Statistical adjustments                             43         35

  Other services                                    -3,742      5,333

    Affiliated.                                     -4,345      2,613
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -895       -369
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                 -393        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        -75        ...
      Statistical adjustments                       -2,982      2,982

    Unaffiliated                                       597      2,720
      Definitional adjustments                      -1,376        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                          1,713        392
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                         -4        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          263      2,328

    U.S. defense expenditures                            6        ...

Income                                              -2,565     -2,467
  Direct investment                                   -508       -801
      Definitional adjustments                        -205       -302
      Adjustment of interest income to a net
        basis                                         -802        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          499       -499

  Other investment                                  -2,618     -1,665
    Definitional adjustments                        -2,116        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -2,029     -1,201
    Statistical adjustments                          1,527       -464

  Compensation of employees                            561        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        371        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            190        ...

Current unilateral transfers                        -3,930         27
  Definitional adjustments.                         -4,230        ...
  Reclassification from unaffiliated services          289        ...
  Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross basis        ...         39
  Statistical adjustments                               11        -12
    Total adjustments                               -2,454     15,765

Table 2.2. Summary of Reconciliation Adjustments, Southbound, 2009
[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                                       Definitional

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                    -1,043     10,727
  Canadian reexports to the United States             ...       9,793
  Other definitional adjustments                    -1,043        934
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                            -1,118        ...

  Travel                                               ...        ...
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                 -44        ...
    Definitional adjustments                           -44        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                    -1,074        ...
    Affiliated                                         ...        ...
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                  ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                    -1,074        ...
      Definitional adjustments                      -1,074        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
    U.S. defense expenditures                          ...        ...

Income                                              -1,936         -2

  Direct investment                                   -158        -42
    Definitional adjustments                          -158        -42
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                  -1,778        ...
    Definitional adjustments                        -1,778        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                        -3,108        ...
    Definitional adjustments                        -3,108        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross
      basis                                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
      Total adjustments                             -7,205     10,685

                                                      Methodological

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                    -1,145       -326
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...        ...
  Other definitional adjustments                       ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...       -326
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                           -1,145        ...
  Statistical adjustments                              ...        ...

Services                                               513        326

  Travel                                               ...        272
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        151
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        121
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Passenger fares                                      ...        ...

  Other transportation                                  50        147
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -179
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        326
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                         50        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other services                                       463        -93
    Affiliated                                      -1,104       -316
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -671       -316
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                 -386        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                         47        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...

    Unaffiliated                                     1,567        223
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                          1,570        223
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                         -3        ...
      Statistical adjustments                          ...        ...
    U.S. defense expenditures                          ...        ...

Income                                              -1,273       -202

  Direct investment                                 -1,042        ...
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -1,042        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Other investment                                    -600       -202
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis      -600       -202
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

  Compensation of employees                            369        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        369        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...

Current unilateral transfers                           263       -717
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        263        ...
    Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross
      basis                                            ...       -717
    Statistical adjustments                            ...        ...
      Total adjustments                             -1,642       -919

                                                       Statistical

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                     3,119         83
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...        ...
  Other definitional adjustments                       ...        ...
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...        ...
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                              ...        ...
  Statistical adjustments                            3,119         83

Services                                            -2,118      4,431

  Travel                                               ...          4
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            ...          4

  Passenger fares                                      ...        -22

  Other transportation                                 116        -53
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...        ...
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        ...
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            116        -53

  Other services                                    -2,234      4,502
    Affiliated                                      -2,371      2,371
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                          ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                  ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                       -2,371      2,371

    Unaffiliated                                        89      2,132
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                            ...        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        ...        ...
      Statistical adjustments                           89      2,132
    U.S. defense expenditures                           49        ...

Income                                               2,921     -2,256

  Direct investment                                  2,153     -2,152
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                          2,153     -2,152

  Other investment                                     572       -104
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis       ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            572       -104

  Compensation of employees                            196        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            196        ...

Current unilateral transfers                           -31         31
    Definitional adjustments                           ...        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        ...        ...
    Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross
      basis                                            ...        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            -31         31
      Total adjustments                              3,891      2,289

                                                           Total

                                                    Canada     United
                                                               States

Goods, balance-of-payments basis                       931     10,484
  Canadian reexports to the United States              ...      9,793
  Other definitional adjustments                    -1,043        934
  Reclassification of fuel purchases in foreign
    ports to transportation services                   ...       -326
  Reclassification of equipment repairs to
    unaffiliated services                           -1,145        ...
  Statistical adjustments                            3,119         83

Services                                            -2,723      4,757

  Travel                                               ...        276
    Reclassification of education from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        151
    Reclassification of medical services from
      unaffiliated services                            ...        121
    Statistical adjustments                            ...          4

  Passenger fares                                      ...        -22

  Other transportation                                 122         94
    Definitional adjustments                           -44        ...
    Reclassification of courier services to
      unaffiliated services                            ...       -179
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports from goods                         ...        326
    Reclassification of transportation services
      to or from other accounts                         50        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            116        -53

  Other services                                    -2,845      4,409
    Affiliated                                      -3,475      2,055
      Definitional adjustments                         ...        ...
      Reclassification of financial services to
        unaffiliated services                         -671       -316
      Reclassification of selected services to
        or from unaffiliated services                 -386        ...
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                        -47        ...
      Statistical adjustments                       -2,371      2,371

    Unaffiliated                                       582      2,355
      Definitional adjustments                      -1,074        ...
      Reclassification of transactions to or
        from other accounts                          1,570        223
      Reclassification of selected services to
        transportation services                         -3        ...
      Statistical adjustments                           89      2,132
    U.S. defense expenditures                           49        ...

Income                                                -288     -2,501

  Direct investment                                    953     -2,194
    Definitional adjustments                          -158        -42
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis    -1,042        ...
    Statistical adjustments                          2,153     -2,152

  Other investment                                  -1,806       -306
    Definitional adjustments                        -1,778        ...
    Adjustment of interest income to a net basis      -600       -202
    Statistical adjustments                            572       -104

  Compensation of employees                            565        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        369        ...
    Statistical adjustments                            196        ...

Current unilateral transfers                        -2,876       -685
    Definitional adjustments                            -3        ...
    Reclassification from unaffiliated services        263        ...
    Adjustment of U.S. transfers to a gross
      basis                                            ...       -717
    Statistical adjustments                            -31         31
      Total adjustments                             -4,956     12,055

Table 3.1. United States-Canadian Current-Account
Reconciliation, Northbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                            Official statistics

                                     U.S.       Canadian   Difference
                                   receipts     payments

             2008

Goods and services                  307,306      312,319       -5,013

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           262,282      264,124       -1,842

  Services                           45,024       48,195       -3,171
    Travel                           14,667       15,499         -832
    Passenger fares                   3,664        3,437          227
    Other transportation              3,101        3,661         -560
    Other services                   23,592       25,598       -2,006

Income                               56,503       49,145        7,358
  Investment income.                 56,340       49,145        7,195
    Direct investment                32,410       22,098       10,312
    Other investment                 23,930       27,047       -3,117
  Compensation of employees.            162          (1)          162

Current unilateral transfers            (2)        1,887       -1,887

    Current account, northbound     363,809      363,351          458

             2009

Goods and services                  247,854      249,873       -2,019

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           247,854      206,907       -1,452
  Services                          247,854       42,966         -567
    Travel                          247,854       13,811         -992
    Passenger fares                 247,854        3,216           97
    Other transportation            247,854        2,714            2
    Other services                  247,854       23,225          326

Income                               37,510       39,751       -2,241
  Investment income                  37,355       39,751       -2,396
    Direct investment                19,865       16,879        2,986
    Other investment                 17,490       22,872       -5,382
  Compensation of employees             155          (1)          155

Current unilateral transfers            (2)        1,842       -1,842

  Current account, northbound       285,364      291,466       -6,102

                                      Common-basis statistics after
                                      definitional and methodological
                                               adjustments

                                     U.S.       Canadian   Difference
                                   receipts     payments

             2008

Goods and services                  307,311      309,213       -1,902

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           261,893      262,207         -314

  Services                           45,418       47,006       -1,588
    Travel                           15,874       15,499          375
    Passenger fares                   3,664        3,437          227
    Other transportation              3,337        3,708         -371
    Other services                   22,543       24,362       -1,819

Income                               56,591       42,663       13,928
  Investment income.                 56,429       42,487       13,942
    Direct investment                32,364       20,192       12,172
    Other investment                 24,065       22,295        1,770
  Compensation of employees.            162          176          -14

Current unilateral transfers             39          732         -693

    Current account, northbound     363,941      352,608       11,333

             2009

Goods and services                  247,858      246,934          924

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           205,262      205,031          231
  Services                           42,596       41,903          693
    Travel                           14,099       13,811          288
    Passenger fares                   3,313        3,216           97
    Other transportation              2,794        2,844          -50
    Other services                   22,390       22,032          358

Income                               38,635       36,469        2,166
  Investment income                  38,480       36,297        2,183
    Direct investment                19,834       15,730        4,104
    Other investment                 18,646       20,567       -1,921
  Compensation of employees             155          172          -17

Current unilateral transfers           -717          739       -1,456

  Current account, northbound       285,776      284,142        1,634

                                   Reconciled statistics,
                                    including statistical
                                          adjustments

                                     U.S.       Canadian
                                   receipts     payments

             2008

Goods and services                  310,529      310,529

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           261,991      261,991

  Services                           48,538       48,538
    Travel                           15,633       15,633
    Passenger fares                   3,437        3,437
    Other transportation              3,608        3,608
    Other services                   25,860       25,860

Income                               49,930       49,930
  Investment income.                 49,768       49,768
    Direct investment                26,278       26,278
    Other investment                 23,490       23,490
  Compensation of employees.            162          162

Current unilateral transfers            386          386

    Current account, northbound     360,845      360,845

             2009

Goods and services                  250,185      250,185

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           204,936      204,936
  Services                           45,249       45,249
    Travel                           13,970       13,970
    Passenger fares                   3,216        3,216
    Other transportation              2,920        2,920
    Other services                   25,143       25,143

Income                               37,698       37,698
  Investment income                  37,543       37,543
    Direct investment                17,782       17,782
    Other investment                 19,761       19,761
  Compensation of employees             155          155

Current unilateral transfers             11           11

  Current account, northbound       287,894      287,894

                                    Total adjustments to
                                    official statistics

                                    United       Canada
                                    States

             2008

Goods and services                    3,223       -1,790

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                              -291       -2,133

  Services                            3,514          343
    Travel                              966          134
    Passenger fares                    -227          ...
    Other transportation                507          -53
    Other services                    2,268          262

Income                               -6,573          785
  Investment income.                 -6,572          623
    Direct investment                -6,132        4,180
    Other investment                   -440       -3,557
  Compensation of employees.           ...           162

Current unilateral transfers            386       -1,501

    Current account, northbound      -2,964       -2,506

             2009

Goods and services                    2,331          312

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                              -519       -1,971
  Services                            2,850        2,283
    Travel                            1,151          159
    Passenger fares                     -97         ...
    Other transportation                204          206
    Other services                    1,592        1,918

Income                                  188       -2,053
  Investment income                     188       -2,208
    Direct investment                -2,083          903
    Other investment                  2,271       -3,111
  Compensation of employees            ...           155

Current unilateral transfers             11       -1,831

  Current account, northbound         2,530       -3,572

(1.) In the Canadian official statistics, compensation of employees
is included in "other" services.

(2.) Current unilateral transfers
are published on a net basis in the U.S. accounts and appear as net
payments in table 3.2.

Table 3.2. United States-Canadian Current-Account Reconciliation,
Southbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                         Official statistics

                                Canadian        U.S.       Difference
                                receipts      payments

            2008

Goods and services                382,297       368,133        14,164
  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         347,106       342,664         4,442
  Services                         35,191        25,469         9,722
    Travel                          7,154         6,879           275
    Passenger fares                   374           362            12
    Other transportation            4,624         4,264           360
    Other services                 23,039        13,964         9,075

Income                             22,620        22,522            98
  Investment income                22,620        21,960           660
    Direct investment               7,771         8,064          -293
    Other investment               14,849        13,896           953
      Other private
        investment                 13,604        13,133           471
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                 1,245           763           482
  Compensation of employees           (1)           561          -561

Current unilateral transfers        5,707         1,750         3,957

    Current account,
      southbound                  410,624       392,405        18,219

            2009

Goods and services                267,675       250,642        17,033

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         237,455       227,902         9,553
  Services                         30,220        22,740         7,480
    Travel                          6,185         5,909           276
    Passenger fares                   294           316           -22
    Other transportation            3,686         3,714           -28
    Other services                 20,055        12,801         7,254

Income                             15,492        17,705        -2,213
  Investment income                15,492        17,139        -1,647
    Direct investment               3,568         6,715        -3,147
    Other investment               11,924        10,424         1,500
      Other private
        investment                 11,013         9,604         1,409
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                   911           820            91
  Compensation of employees            -1           565          -565

Current unilateral transfers        4,666         2,475         2,191

    Current account,
      southbound                  287,833       270,822        17,011

                                     Common-basis statistics after
                                    definitional and methodological
                                              adjustments

                                Canadian        U.S.       Difference
                                receipts      payments

            2008

Goods and services                386,166       380,862         5,304
  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         351,994       354,748        -2,754
  Services                         34,172        26,114         8,058
    Travel                          7,154         7,123            31
    Passenger fares                   374           362            12
    Other transportation            4,634         4,642            -8
    Other services                 22,010        13,987         8,023

Income                             17,839        21,018        -3,179
  Investment income                17,468        20,457        -2,989
    Direct investment               6,764         7,762          -998
    Other investment               10,704        12,695        -1,991
      Other private
        investment                  9,707        11,932        -2,225
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                   997           763           234
  Compensation of employees           371           561          -190

Current unilateral transfers        1,766         1,789           -23

    Current account,
      southbound                  405,771       403,669         2,102

            2009

Goods and services                264,882       261,369         3,513

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         235,267       238,303        -3,036
  Services                         29,615        23,066         6,549
    Travel                          6,185         6,181             4
    Passenger fares                   294           316           -22
    Other transportation            3,692         3,861          -169
    Other services                 19,444        12,708         6,736

Income                             12,283        17,460        -5,177
  Investment income                11,914        16,895        -4,981
    Direct investment               2,368         6,673        -4,305
    Other investment                9,546        10,222          -676
      Other private
        investment                  8,817         9,402          -585
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                   729           820           -91
  Compensation of employees           369           565          -196

Current unilateral transfers        1,821         1,758            63

    Current account,
      southbound                  278,986       280,587        -1,601

                                 Reconciled statistics,
                                 including statistical
                                      adjustments

                                Canadian        U.S.
                                receipts      payments

            2008

Goods and services                386,338       386,338
  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         354,836       354,836
  Services                         31,502        31,502
    Travel                          7,154         7,154
    Passenger fares                   374           374
    Other transportation            4,677         4,677
    Other services                 19,297        19,297

Income                             20,055        20,055
  Investment income                19,494        19,494
    Direct investment               7,263         7,263
    Other investment               12,231        12,231
      Other private
        investment                 11,351        11,351
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                   880           880
  Compensation of employees           561           561

Current unilateral transfers        1,777         1,777

    Current account,
      southbound                  408,170       408,170

            2009

Goods and services                265,883       265,883

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                         238,386       238,386
  Services                         27,497        27,497
    Travel                          6,185         6,185
    Passenger fares                   294           294
    Other transportation            3,808         3,808
    Other services                 17,210        17,210

Income                             15,204        15,204
  Investment income                14,639        14,639
    Direct investment               4,521         4,521
    Other investment               10,118        10,118
      Other private
        investment                  9,343         9,343
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                   775           775
  Compensation of employees           565           565

Current unilateral transfers        1,790         1,790

    Current account,
      southbound                  282,877       282,877

                                 Total adjustments to
                                  official statistics

                                 Canada        United
                                               States

            2008

Goods and services                  4,041        18,205
  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                           7,730        12,172
  Services                         -3,689         6,033
    Travel                            ...           275
    Passenger fares                   ...            12
    Other transportation               53           413
    Other services                 -3,742         5,333

Income                             -2,565        -2,467
  Investment income                -3,126        -2,466
    Direct investment                -508          -801
    Other investment               -2,618        -1,665
      Other private
        investment                 -2,253        -1,782
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                  -365           117
  Compensation of employees           561           ...

Current unilateral transfers       -3,930            27

    Current account,
      southbound                   -2,454        15,765

            2009

Goods and services                 -1,792        15,241

  Goods, balance-of-payments
    basis                             931        10,484
  Services                         -2,723         4,757
    Travel                            ...           276
    Passenger fares                   ...           -22
    Other transportation              122            94
    Other services                 -2,845         4,409

Income                               -288        -2,501
  Investment income                  -853        -2,500
    Direct investment                 953        -2,194
    Other investment               -1,806          -306
      Other private
        investment                 -1,670          -261
      U.S. Government
        liabilities                  -136           -45
  Compensation of employees           565           ...

Current unilateral transfers       -2,876          -685

    Current account,
      southbound                   -4,956        12,055

(1.) In the Canadian official statistics, compensation of employees
is included in "other" services.

Table 4.1. Trade in Goods, Northbound[Millions of U.S. dollars]
                                                   U.S.      Canadian
                                                 receipts    payments

                     2008

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis    262,282     264,124

  Definitional and methodological adjustments:
    Definitional adjustments                            5      -1,798
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports to transportation services               -394         ...
    Reclassification of equipment repairs to
      unaffiliated services                           ...        -119

  Common basis after definitional and
    methodological adjustments                    261,893     262,207

  Statistical adjustments                              98        -216

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
  adjustments                                     261,991     261,991

                     2009

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis    205,455     206,907

  Definitional and methodological adjustments:
    Definitional adjustments                            5      -1,753
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in U.S.
      ports to transportation services               -198         ...
    Reclassification of equipment repairs to
      unaffiliated services                           ...        -123

  Common basis after definitional and
    methodological adjustments                    205,262     205,031

  Statistical adjustments                            -326         -95

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
  adjustments                                     204,936     204,936

Table 4.2. Trade in Goods, Southbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                                 Canadian      U.S.
                                                 receipts    payments

                     2008

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis    347,106     342,664

  Definitional and methodological adjustments:
    Canadian reexports to the United States           ...      12,006
    Other definitional adjustments                  5,973         723
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports to transportation services        ...        -645
    Reclassification of equipment repairs to
      unaffiliated services                        -1,085         ...

  Common basis after definitional and
    methodological adjustments                    351,994     354,748

  Statistical adjustments                           2,842          88

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
  adjustments                                     354,836     354,836

                     2009

Official statistics, balance-of-payments basis    237,455     227,902

  Definitional and methodological adjustments:
    Canadian reexports to the United States           ...       9,793
    Other definitional adjustments                 -1,043         934
    Reclassification of fuel purchases in
      foreign ports to transportation services        ...        -326
    Reclassification of equipment repairs to
      unaffiliated services                        -1,145         ...

  Common basis after definitional and
    methodological adjustments                    235,267     238,303

  Statistical adjustments                           3,119          83

Reconciled statistics, including statistical
  adjustments                                     238,386     238,386

Table 5.1. Travel, Passenger Fares, and Other Transportation,
Northbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                       Official statistics

                               U.S.        Canadian     Difference
                             receipts      payments

          2008

Travel                          14,667        15,499          -832
    Business and personal       14,667        14,426           241
    Education                      ...           751          -751
    Medical                        ...           322          -322

Passenger fares                  3,664         3,437           227

Other transportation             3,101         3,661          -560

  Freight                        2,536         2,820          -284
    Ocean                          179           579          -400
    Air                            212            54           158
    Truck                        1,657         1,648             9
    Other                          488           539           -51

  Port services                    565           716          -151
    Vessel operators                72           121           -49
    Airline operators              213           562          -349
    Other                          280            33           247

  Other                            ...           125          -125

          2009

Travel                          12,819        13,811          -992
  Business and personal         12,819        12,690           129
  Education                        ...           781          -781
  Medical                          ...           340          -340

Passenger fares                  3,313         3,216            97

Other transportation             2,716         2,714             2

  Freight                        2,193         2,202            -9
    Ocean                          181           356          -175
    Air                            166            46           120
    Truck                        1,393         1,387             6
    Other                          453           413            40

  Port services                    524           450            74
    Vessel operators                61            61           ...
    Airline operators              192           359          -167
    Other                          271            30           241

  Other                            ...            62           -62

                                 Common-basis statistics after
                                definitional and methodological
                                          adjustments

                               U.S.        Canadian     Difference
                             receipts      payments

          2008

Travel                          15,874        15,499           375
    Business and personal       14,667        14,426           241
    Education                      885           751           134
    Medical                        322           322           ...

Passenger fares                  3,664         3,437           227

Other transportation             3,337         3,708          -371

  Freight                        2,361         2,620          -259
    Ocean                          162           379          -217
    Air                             54            54           ...
    Truck                        1,657         1,648             9
    Other                          488           539           -51

  Port services                    959           963            -4
    Vessel operators               140           121            19
    Airline operators              539           562           -23
    Other                          280           280           ...

  Other                             17           125          -108

          2009

Travel                          14,099        13,811           288
  Business and personal         12,819        12,690           129
  Education                        938           781           157
  Medical                          342           340             2

Passenger fares                  3,313         3,216            97

Other transportation             2,794         2,844           -50

  Freight                        2,057         2,087           -30
    Ocean                          165           241           -76
    Air                             46            46           ...
    Truck                        1,393         1,387             6
    Other                          453           413            40

  Port services                    722           695            27
    Vessel operators               107            61            46
    Airline operators              344           359           -15
    Other                          271           275            -4

  Other                             16            62           -46

                              Reconciled statistics,
                              including statistical
                                  adjustments

                               U.S.        Canadian
                             receipts      payments

          2008

Travel                          15,633        15,633
    Business and personal       14,426        14,426
    Education                      885           885
    Medical                        322           322

Passenger fares                  3,437         3,437

Other transportation             3,608         3,608

  Freight                        2,543         2,543
    Ocean                          280           280
    Air                             54            54
    Truck                        1,657         1,657
    Other                          552           552

  Port services                    940           940
    Vessel operators               121           121
    Airline operators              539           539
    Other                          280           280

  Other                            125           125

          2009

Travel                          13,970        13,970
  Business and personal         12,690        12,690
  Education                        938           938
  Medical                          342           342

Passenger fares                  3,216         3,216

Other transportation             2,920         2,920

  Freight                        2,157         2,157
    Ocean                          221           221
    Air                             46            46
    Truck                        1,393         1,393
    Other                          497           497

  Port services                    701           701
    Vessel operators                84            84
    Airline operators              344           344
    Other                          273           273

  Other                             62            62

                               Total adjustments to
                               official statistics

                              United        Canada
                              States

          2008

Travel                             966           134
    Business and personal         -241           ...
    Education                      885           134
    Medical                        322           ...

Passenger fares                   -227           ...

Other transportation               507           -53

  Freight                            7          -277
    Ocean                          101          -299
    Air                           -158           ...
    Truck                          ...             9
    Other                           64            13

  Port services                    375           224
    Vessel operators                49           ...
    Airline operators              326           -23
    Other                          ...           247

  Other                            125           ...

          2009

Travel                           1,151           159
  Business and personal           -129           ...
  Education                        938           157
  Medical                          342             2

Passenger fares                    -97           ...

Other transportation               204           206

  Freight                          -36           -45
    Ocean                           40          -135
    Air                           -120           ...
    Truck                          ...             6
    Other                           44            84

  Port services                    177           251
    Vessel operators                23            23
    Airline operators              152           -15
    Other                            2           243

  Other                             62           ...

                             Total adjustments to official statistics

                                        Type of adjustment

          2008

Travel
    Business and personal   Statistical
    Education               Methodological and statistical
    Medical                 Methodological

Passenger fares             Statistical

Other transportation

  Freight
    Ocean                   Definitional, methodological,
                              and statistical
    Air                     Methodological
    Truck                   Statistical
    Other                   Statistical

  Port services
    Vessel operators        Methodological and statistical
    Airline operators       Methodological and statistical
    Other                   Methodological

  Other                     Methodological and statistical

          2009

Travel
  Business and personal     Statistical
  Education                 Methodological and statistical
  Medical                   Methodological and statistical

Passenger fares             Statistical

Other transportation

  Freight
    Ocean                   Definitional, methodological,
                              and statistical
    Air                     Methodological
    Truck                   Statistical
    Other                   Statistical

  Port services
    Vessel operators        Methodological and statistical
    Airline operators       Methodological and statistical
    Other                   Methodological and statistical

  Other                     Methodological and statistical

Table 5.2. Travel, Passenger Fares, and Other
Transportation, Southbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                     Official statistics

                           Canadian        U.S.       Difference
                           receipts      payments

         2008

Travel                         7,154         6,879           275
  Business and personal        6,842         6,879           -37
  Education                      224           ...           224
  Medical                         88           ...            88

Passenger fares                  374           362            12

Other transportation           4,624         4,264           360

  Freight                      3,532         3,614           -82
    Ocean                        322           315             7
    Air                            5           ...             5
    Truck                      2,953         2,966           -13
    Other                        252           328           -76

  Port services                  961           650           311
    Vessel operators             169            96           -27
    Airline operators            808           473           335
    Other                         84            81             3

  Other                          131           ...           131

         2009

Travel                         6,185         5,909           276
  Business and personal        5,875         5,909           -34
  Education                      223           ...           223
  Medical                         87           ...            87

Passenger fares                  294           316           -22

Other transportation           3,686         3,714           -28

  Freight                      2,860         3,042          -182
    Ocean                        199           258           -59
    Air                            4             4           ...
    Truck                      2,478         2,486            -8
    Other                        179           294          -115

  Port services                  743           672            71
    Vessel operators              54            84           -30
    Airline operators            635           536            99
    Other                         54            52             2

Other                             83           ...            83

                               Common-basis statistics after
                               definitional and methodological
                                        adjustments

                           Canadian        U.S.       Difference
                           receipts      payments

         2008

Travel                         7,154         7,123            31
  Business and personal        6,842         6,879           -37
  Education                      224           140            84
  Medical                         88           104           -16

Passenger fares                  374           362            12

Other transportation           4,634         4,642            -8

  Freight                      3,532         3,355           177
    Ocean                        322           238            84
    Air                            5             5
    Truck                      2,953         2,966           -13
    Other                        252           146           106

  Port services                1,046         1,210          -164
    Vessel operators              75           139           -64
    Airline operators            808           808           ...
    Other                        163           263          -100

  Other                           56            77           -21

         2009

Travel                         6,185         6,181             4
  Business and personal        5,875         5,909           -34
  Education                      223           151            72
  Medical                         87           121           -34

Passenger fares                  294           316           -22

Other transportation           3,692         3,861          -169

  Freight                      2,860         2,804            56
    Ocean                        199           186            13
    Air                            4             4           ...
    Truck                      2,478         2,486            -8
    Other                        179           128            51

  Port services                  797           985          -188
    Vessel operators              57           132           -75
    Airline operators            635           635           ...
    Other                        105           218          -113

Other                             35            72           -37

                            Reconciled statistics,
                            including statistical
                                  adjustments

                           Canadian        U. S.
                           receipts      payments

         2008

Travel                         7,154         7,154
  Business and personal        6,842         6,842
  Education                      224           224
  Medical                         88            88

Passenger fares                  374           374

Other transportation           4,677         4,677

  Freight                      3,470         3,470
    Ocean                        247           247
    Air                            5             5
    Truck                      2,966         2,966
    Other                        252           252

  Port services                1,130         1,130
    Vessel operators             107           107
    Airline operators            808           808
    Other                        215           215

  Other                           77            77

         2009

Travel                         6,185         6,185
  Business and personal        5,875         5,875
  Education                      223           223
  Medical                         87            87

Passenger fares                  294           294

Other transportation           3,808         3,808

  Freight                      2,842         2,842
    Ocean                        173           173
    Air                            4             4
    Truck                      2,486         2,486
    Other                        179           179

  Port services                  894           894
    Vessel operators              95            95
    Airline operators            635           635
    Other                        164           164

Other                             72            72

                             Total adjustments to
                             official statistics

                            Canada        United
                                          States

         2008

Travel                           ...           275
  Business and personal          ...           -37
  Education                      ...           224
  Medical                        ...            88

Passenger fares                  ...            12

Other transportation              53           413

  Freight                        -62          -144
    Ocean                        -75           -68
    Air                          ...           ...
    Truck                         13           ...
    Other                        ...           -76

  Port services                  169           480
    Vessel operators              38            11
    Airline operators            ...           335
    Other                        131           134

  Other                          -54            77

         2009

Travel                           ...           276
  Business and personal          ...           -34
  Education                      ...           223
  Medical                        ...            87

Passenger fares                  ...           -22

Other transportation             122            94

  Freight                        -18          -200
    Ocean                        -26           -85
    Air                          ...           ...
    Truck                          8           ...
    Other                        ...          -115

  Port services                  151           222
    Vessel operators              41            11
    Airline operators            ...            99
    Other                        110           112

Other                            -11            72

                            Total adjustments to official statistics

                                       Type of adjustment

         2008

Travel
  Business and personal   Statistical
  Education               Methodological and statistical
  Medical                 Methodological and statistical

Passenger fares           Statistical

Other transportation

  Freight
    Ocean                 Methodological and statistical
    Air
    Truck                 Statistical
    Other                 Methodological and statistical

  Port services
    Vessel operators      Definitional, methodological, and statistical
    Airline operators     Methodological
    Other                 Methodological and statistical

  Other                   Definitional, methodological, and statistical

         2009

Travel
  Business and personal   Statistical
  Education               Methodological and statistical
  Medical                 Methodological and statistical

Passenger fares           Statistical

Other transportation

  Freight
    Ocean                 Methodological and statistical
    Air
    Truck                 Statistical
    Other                 Methodological and statistical

  Port services
    Vessel operators      Definitional, methodological, and statistical
    Airline operators     Methodological
    Other                 Methodological and statistical

Other                     Definitional, methodological, and statistical

Table 6.1. Other Services, Northbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                          Official statistics

                                  U.S.        Canadian     Difference
                                receipts      payments

            2008

    Total                          23,592        25,598        -2,006

Affiliated                          8,269        14,408        -6,139

  Royalties and license fees        3,818         4,996        -1,178
  Other services                    4,451         9,412        -4,961

Unaffiliated                       15,049        11,190         3,859

  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,633         2,612         1,021
  Insurance                         2,512         1,234         1,278
  Financial services                3,178         1,477         1,701
  Education and training              970           123           847
  Communications                      584           584           ...
  Computer services                 1,010         1,034           -24
  Business services                 1,962         2,481          -519
  Sports and entertainment            926         1,148          -222
  Other private                       ...            65           -65
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                    93            61            32
    Canada                            181           371          -190

U.S. military sales                   274           ...           274

            2009

    Total                          23,551        23,225           326

Affiliated                          7,889        12,979        -5,090

  Royalties and license fees        3,370         4,444        -1,074
  Other services                    4,519         8,535        -4,016

Unaffiliated                       15,371        10,246         5,125
  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,703         2,385         1,318
  Insurance                         2,619         1,137         1,482
  Financial services                3,427         1,403         2,024
  Education and training            1,020           105           915
  Communications                      455           550           -95
  Computer services                 1,164           874           290
  Business services                 1,874         2,179          -305
  Sports and entertainment            834         1,142          -308
  Other private                       ...            45           -45
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                   102            60            42
    Canada                            173           366          -193

U.S. military sales                   291           ...           291

                                     Common-basis statistics after
                                    definitional and methodological
                                             adjustments

                                  U.S.        Canadian     Difference
                                receipts      payments

            2008

    Total                          22,543        24,362        -1,819

Affiliated                          7,688        12,852        -5,164

  Royalties and license fees        3,818         4,996        -1,178
  Other services                    3,870         7,856        -3,986

Unaffiliated                       14,581        11,510         3,071

  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,612         2,584         1,028
  Insurance                         2,512         1,155         1,357
  Financial services                3,759         2,321         1,438
  Education and training               85           144           -59
  Communications                      584           439           145
  Computer services                 1,010         1,040           -30
  Business services                 1,798         2,710          -912
  Sports and entertainment            947           917            30
  Other private                       ...           ...           ...
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                    93            61            32
    Canada                            181           139            42

U.S. military sales                   274           ...           274

            2009

    Total                          22,390        22,032           358

Affiliated                          7,326        11,390        -4,064

  Royalties and license fees        3,370         4,444        -1,074
  Other services                    3,956         6,946        -2,990

Unaffiliated                       14,773        10,642         4,131
  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,684         2,332         1,352
  Insurance                         2,619         1,047         1,572
  Financial services                3,989         2,275         1,714
  Education and training               82           125           -43
  Communications                      455           344           111
  Computer services                 1,164           882           282
  Business services                 1,652         2,476          -824
  Sports and entertainment            853           926           -73
  Other private                       ...           ...           ...
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                   102            60            42
    Canada                            173           175            -2

U.S. military sales                   291           ...           291

                                 Reconciled statistics,
                                 including statistical
                                       adjustments

                                  U.S.        Canadian
                                receipts      payments

            2008

    Total                          25,860        25,860

Affiliated                         10,270        10,270

  Royalties and license fees          (1)           (1)
  Other services                      (1)           (1)

Unaffiliated                       15,316        15,316

  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,612         3,612
  Insurance                         2,512         2,512
  Financial services                3,856         3,856
  Education and training               95            95
  Communications                      584           584
  Computer services                 1,010         1,010
  Business services                 2,483         2,483
  Sports and entertainment            932           932
  Other private                       ...           ...
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                    93            93
    Canada                            139           139

U.S. military sales                   274           274

            2009

    Total                          25,143        25,143

Affiliated                          9,358         9,358

  Royalties and license fees          (1)           (1)
  Other services                      (1)           (1)

Unaffiliated                       15,494        15,494
  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services           3,684         3,684
  Insurance                         2,619         2,619
  Financial services                3,989         3,989
  Education and training               85            85
  Communications                      455           455
  Computer services                 1,164         1,164
  Business services                 2,331         2,331
  Sports and entertainment            890           890
  Other private                       ...           ...
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                   102           102
    Canada                            175           175

U.S. military sales                   291           291

                                 Total adjustments to
                                  official statistics

                                 United        Canada
                                 States

            2008

    Total                           2,268           262

Affiliated                          2,001        -4,138

  Royalties and license fees          (1)           (1)
  Other services                      (1)           (1)

Unaffiliated                          267         4,126

  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services             -21         1,000
  Insurance                           ...         1,278
  Financial services                  678         2,379
  Education and training             -875           -28
  Communications                      ...           ...
  Computer services                   ...           -24
  Business services                   521             2
  Sports and entertainment              6          -216
  Other private                       ...           -65
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                   ...            32
    Canada                            -42          -232

U.S. military sales                   ...           274

            2009

    Total                           1,592         1,918

Affiliated                          1,469        -3,621

  Royalties and license fees          (1)           (1)
  Other services                      (1)           (1)

Unaffiliated                          123         5,248
  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services             -19         1,299
  Insurance                           ...         1,482
  Financial services                  562         2,586
  Education and training             -935           -20
  Communications                      ...           -95
  Computer services                   ...           290
  Business services                   457           152
  Sports and entertainment             56          -252
  Other private                       ...           -45
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)                   ...            42
    Canada                              2          -191

U.S. military sales                   ...           291

                                    Total adjustments to
                                     official statistics

                                     Type of adjustment

            2008

    Total

Affiliated                     Methodological and statistical

  Royalties and license fees
  Other services

Unaffiliated

  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services      Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Insurance                    Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Financial services           Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Education and training       Methodological and statistical
  Communications               Methodological and statistical
  Computer services            Methodological and statistical
  Business services            Methodological and statistical
  Sports and entertainment     Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Other private                Definitional and methodological
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)            Statistical
    Canada                     Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical

U.S. military sales            Statistical

            2009

    Total

Affiliated                     Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical

  Royalties and license fees
  Other services

Unaffiliated
  Royalties, license fees,
    and selected services      Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Insurance                    Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Financial services           Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Education and training       Methodological and statistical
  Communications               Methodological and statistical
  Computer services            Methodological and statistical
  Business services            Methodological and statistical
  Sports and entertainment     Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical
  Other private                Definitional and methodological
  Government:
    United States
      (nonmilitary)            Statistical
    Canada                     Definitional, methodological,
                                 and statistical

U.S. military sales            Statistical

(1.) Royalties and license fees are combined
with "other" services for reconciliation.

Table 6.2. Other Services, Southbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                      Official statistics

                             Canadian      U.S.      Difference
                             receipts    payments

           2008

      Total                     23,039      13,964         9,075

  Affiliated                    12,582       5,624         6,958

    Royalties and license
      fees                       1,193         207           986
    Other services              11,389       5,417         5,972

  Unaffiliated                  10,222       8,099         2,123

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   2,831       1,318         1,513

    Insurance                      453         897          -444

    Financial services             912         550           362

    Education and training          90         187           -97
    Communications                 351         385           -34
    Computer services            1,730       1,942          -212
    Business services            1,862       2,289          -427
    Sports and
      entertainment              1,410         102         1,308

    Other private                   95         ...            95
    Government:
      United States
       (nonmilitary)                64                        64
      Canada                       424         429            -5

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   235         241            -6

            2009

      Total                     20,055      12,801         7,254

  Affiliated                    10,690       5,160         5,530

    Royalties and license
      fees                       1,078         206           872
    Other services               9,612       4,954         4,658

  Unaffiliated                   9,097       7,324         1,773

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   2,582       1,172         1,410

    Insurance                      413         877          -464

    Financial services             876         484           392
    Education and training          90         201          -111
    Communications                 318         336           -18
    Computer services            1,522       1,645          -123

    Business services            1,571       2,124          -553
    Sports and
      entertainment              1,191          82         1,109
    Other private                   75         ...            75
    Government:
      United States
        (nonmilitary)               63         ...            63
      Canada                       396         403            -7

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   268         317           -49

                                Common-basis statistics after
                                definitional and methodological
                                          adjustments

                             Canadian      U.S.      Difference
                             receipts    payments

           2008

      Total                    220,101      13,987         8,023

  Affiliated                    11,219       5,255         5,964

    Royalties and license
      fees                       1,193         207           986
    Other services              10,026       5,048         4,978

  Unaffiliated                  10,556       8,491         2,065

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   2,107       1,309           798

    Insurance                      184         897          -713

    Financial services           1,751         919           832

    Education and training          19          47           -28
    Communications                 207         385          -178
    Computer services            1,730       1,942          -212
    Business services            3,166       2,452           714
    Sports and
      entertainment                904         111           793

    Other private                  ...         ...           ...
    Government:
      United States
       (nonmilitary)                64                        64
      Canada                       424         429            -5

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   235         241            -6

            2009

      Total                     19,444      12,708         6,736

  Affiliated                     9,586       4,844         4,742

    Royalties and license
      fees                       1,078         206           872
    Other services               8,508       4,638         3,870

  Unaffiliated                   9,590       7,547         2,043

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   1,927       1,165           762

    Insurance                      168         877          -709

    Financial services           1,568         800           768
    Education and training          15          50           -35
    Communications                 183         336          -153
    Computer services              152       1,645          -123

    Business services           22,876       2,182           694
    Sports and
      entertainment                872          89           783
    Other private                  ...         ...           ...
    Government:
      United States
        (nonmilitary)               63         ...            63
      Canada                       396         403            -7

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   268         317           -49

                             Reconciled statistics,
                              including statistical
                                   adjustments

                             Canadian      U.S.
                             receipts    payments

           2008

      Total                     19,297      19,297

  Affiliated                     8,237       8,237

    Royalties and license
      fees                         (1)         (1)
    Other services                 (1)         (1)

  Unaffiliated                  10,819      10,819

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   2,269       2,269

    Insurance                      897         897

    Financial services             134       1,344

    Education and training         447          47
    Communications                 385         385
    Computer services            1,730       1,730
    Business services            2,750       2,750
    Sports and
      entertainment                904         904

    Other private                  ...         ...
    Government:
      United States
       (nonmilitary)                64          64
      Canada                       429         429

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   241         241

            2009

      Total                     17,210      17,210

  Affiliated                     7,215       7,215

    Royalties and license
      fees                         (1)         (1)
    Other services                 (1)         (1)

  Unaffiliated                   9,679       9,679

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                   2,058       2,058

    Insurance                      877         877

    Financial services           1,163       1,163
    Education and training          50          50
    Communications                 336         336
    Computer services            1,522       1,522

    Business services            2,335       2,335
    Sports and
      entertainment                872         872
    Other private                  ...         ...
    Government:
      United States
        (nonmilitary)               63          63
      Canada                       403         403

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   317         317

                              Total adjustments
                                 to official
                                  statistics

                             Canada    United
                                       States

           2008

      Total                   -3,742     5,333

  Affiliated                  -4,345     2,613

    Royalties and license
      fees                       (1)       (1)
    Other services               (1)       (1)

  Unaffiliated                   597     2,720

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                  -562       951

    Insurance                    444       ...

    Financial services           432       794

    Education and training       -43      -140
    Communications                34      -212
    Computer services            ...      -212
    Business services            888       461
    Sports and
      entertainment             -506       802

    Other private                -95       ...
    Government:
      United States
       (nonmilitary)             ...        64
      Canada                       5       ...

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                   6       ...

            2009

      Total                   -2,845     4,409

  Affiliated                  -3,475     2,055

    Royalties and license
      fees                       (1)       (1)
    Other services               (1)       (1)

  Unaffiliated                   582     2,355

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services                  -524       886

    Insurance                    464       ...

    Financial services           287       679
    Education and training       -40      -151
    Communications                18       ...
    Computer services            ...      -123

    Business services           -319       211
    Sports and
      entertainment              -75       790
    Other private                ...       ...
    Government:
      United States
        (nonmilitary)            ...        63
      Canada                       7       ...

  U.S. defense
    expenditures                  49      ...

                             Total adjustments to official statistics

                             Type of adjustment

           2008

      Total

  Affiliated                 Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Royalties and license
      fees
    Other services

  Unaffiliated

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services               Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Insurance                Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Financial services       Methodological and statistical
                             Methodological and statistical
    Education and training   Methodological and statistical
    Communications           Statistical
    Computer services        Statistical
    Business services        Definitional, methodological, and
    Sports and               statistical
      entertainment          Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Other private            Definitional and methodological
    Government:
      United States
       (nonmilitary)         Statistical
      Canada                 Statistical

  U.S. defense
    expenditures             Statistical

            2009

      Total

  Affiliated                 Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Royalties and license
      fees
    Other services

  Unaffiliated

    Royalties, license
      fees, and selected
      services               Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Insurance                Definitional, methodological, and
                             statistical
    Financial services       Methodological and statistical
    Education and training   Methodological and statistical
    Communications           Methodological and statistical
    Computer services        Statistical Definitional, methodological,
                             and statistical
    Business services        Definitional, methodological, and
    Sports and               statistical
      entertainment          Definitional and methodological
    Other private
    Government:
      United States
        (nonmilitary)        Statistical
      Canada                 Statistical

  U.S. defense
    expenditures             Statistical1. Royalties and license fees
                             are combined with "other" services for
                             reconciliation.

Table 7.1. Investment Income, Northbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                            Official statistics

                                     U.S.      Canadian    Difference
                                   receipts    payments

              2008

Investment income                     56,340      49,145         7,195
  Direct investment income            32,410      22,098        10,312
    Earnings of incorporated
      affiliates                      30,666      18,781        11,885
      Dividends                       17,683      11,864         5,819
      Reinvested earnings             12,983       6,917         6,066
    Earnings of unicorporated
      affiliates                         653       1,280          -627
    Interest                           1,091       2,037          -946

  Other investment income,            23,930      27,047        -3,117
  Of which:
    Securities                        18,700      20,403        -1,703
      Dividends                        9,746       7,608         2,138
      Interest                         8,954      12,795        -3,841
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    5,230       6,644        -1,414
      U.S. bank claims                 3,362       3,495          -133
      Other private U.S. claims        1,868       3,149        -1,281

              2009

Investment income                     37,355      39,751        -2,398

  Direct investment income            19,865      16,879         2,986
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                    18,441      14,197         4,244
      Dividends                        4,917       9,330        -4,413
      Reinvested earnings             13,524       4,867         8,657
    Earnings of unincorporated
      affiliates                         680       1,123          -443
    Interest                             744       1,559          -815

  Other investment income             17,490      22,872        -5,384
  Of which:
    Securities                        15,919      19,958        -4,039
      Dividends                        6,809       6,020           789
      Interest                         9,110      13,938        -4,828
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    1,569       2,914        -1,345
      U.S. bank claims                 1,031       1,250          -219

      Other private U.S. claims          538       1,664        -1,126

                                       Common-basis statistics after
                                      definitional and methodological
                                                adjustments

                                     U.S.      Canadian    Difference
                                   receipts    payments

              2008

Investment income                     56,429      42,487        13,942
  Direct investment income            32,364      20,192        12,172
    Earnings of incorporated
      affiliates                      30,620      17,700        12,920
      Dividends                       17,637      10,784         6,853
      Reinvested earnings             12,983       6,916         6,067
    Earnings of unicorporated
      affiliates                         653       1,263          -610
    Interest                           1,091       1,229          -138

  Other investment income,            24,065      22,295         1,770
  Of which:
    Securities                        20,039      19,446           593
      Dividends                        9,746       6,651         3,095
      Interest                        10,293      12,795        -2,502
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    4,026       2,849         1,177
      U.S. bank claims                 2,030       1,466           564
      Other private U.S. claims        1,996       1,383           613

              2009

Investment income                     38,480      36,297         2,183

  Direct investment income            19,834      15,730         4,104
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                    18,410      13,354         5,056
      Dividends                        4,886       8,487        -3,601
      Reinvested earnings             13,524       4,867         8,657
    Earnings of unincorporated
      affiliates                         680       1,109          -429
    Interest                             744       1,267          -523

  Other investment income             18,646      20,567        -1,921
  Of which:
    Securities                        17,280      19,200        -1,920
      Dividends                        6,809       5,262         1,547
      Interest                        10,471      13,938        -3,467
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    1,366       1,367            -1
      U.S. bank claims                   794         650           144

      Other private U.S. claims          572         717          -145

                                   Reconciled statistics,
                                   including statistical
                                         adjustments

                                     U.S.       Canadian
                                   receipts     payments

              2008

Investment income                     49,768       49,768
  Direct investment income            26,278       26,278
    Earnings of incorporated
      affiliates                      24,161       24,161
      Dividends                       14,211       14,211
      Reinvested earnings              9,950        9,950
    Earnings of unicorporated
      affiliates                         958          958
    Interest                           1,159        1,159

  Other investment income,            23,490       23,490
  Of which:
    Securities                        20,052       20,052
      Dividends                        8,508        8,508
      Interest                        11,544       11,544
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    3,438        3,438
      U.S. bank claims                 1,748        1,748
      Other private U.S. claims        1,690        1,690

              2009

Investment income                     37,543       37,543

  Direct investment income            17,782       17,782
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                    15,881       15,881
      Dividends                        6,686        6,686
      Reinvested earnings              9,195        9,195
    Earnings of unincorporated
      affiliates                         894          894
    Interest                           1,007        1,007

  Other investment income             19,761       19,761
  Of which:
    Securities                        18,394       18,394
      Dividends                        6,190        6,190
      Interest                        12,204       12,204
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                    1,367        1,367
      U.S. bank claims                   722          722

      Other private U.S. claims          645          645

                                    Total adjustments to
                                    official statistics

                                    United      Canada
                                    States

              2008

Investment income                     -6,573         623
  Direct investment income            -6,132       4,180
    Earnings of incorporated
      affiliates                      -6,505       5,380
      Dividends                       -3,472       2,347
      Reinvested earnings             -3,033       3,033
    Earnings of unicorporated
      affiliates                         305        -322
    Interest                              68        -878

  Other investment income,              -440      -3,557
  Of which:
    Securities                         1,352        -351
      Dividends                       -1,238         900
      Interest                         2,590      -1,251
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                   -1,792      -3,206
      U.S. bank claims                -1,614      -1,747
      Other private U.S. claims         -178      -1,459

              2009

Investment income                        188      -2,208

  Direct investment income            -2,083         903
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                    -2,560       1,684
      Dividends                        1,769      -2,644
      Reinvested earnings             -4,329       4,328
    Earnings of unincorporated
      affiliates                         214        -229
    Interest                             263        -552

  Other investment income              2,271      -3,111
  Of which:
    Securities                         2,475      -1,564
      Dividends                         -619         170
      Interest                         3,094      -1,734
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities                     -202      -1,547
      U.S. bank claims                  -309        -528

      Other private U.S. claims          107      -1,019

                                      Total adjustments to official
                                               statistics

                                   Type of adjustment

              2008

Investment income
  Direct investment income
    Earnings of incorporated
      affiliates
      Dividends                    Definitional and statistical
      Reinvested earnings          Statistical
    Earnings of unicorporated
      affiliates                   Definitional and statistical
    Interest                       Definitional, methodological,
                                   and statistical

  Other investment income,
  Of which:
    Securities
      Dividends                    Definition a land statistical
      Interest                     Definition a land statistical
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities
      U.S. bank claims             Methodological and statistical
      Other private U.S. claims    Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical

              2009

Investment income

  Direct investment income
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates
      Dividends                    Definitional and statistical
      Reinvested earnings          Definitional and statistical
    Earnings of unincorporated
      affiliates                   Definitional and statistical
    Interest                       Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical

  Other investment income
  Of which:
    Securities
      Dividends                    Definitional and statistical
      Interest                     Definitional and statistical
    U.S. claims/Canadian
        liabilities
      U.S. bank claims             Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
      Other private U.S. claims    Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical

Table 7.2. Investment Income, Southbound

[Millions of U.S. dollars]

                                            Official statistics

                                   Canadian      U.S.
                                   receipts    payments    Difference

              2008

Investment income                     22,620      21,960           660

  Direct investment income             7,771       8,064          -293
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                     6,306       6,648          -342
      Dividends                        3,285       4,097          -812

      Reinvested earnings              3,021       2,551           470
  Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                       907       1,202          -295

  Interest                               558         214           344

  Other investment income             14,849      13,896           953
    Securities                         9,371      10,994        -1,623
      Dividends                        5,944       6,802          -858
      Interest                         3,427       4,192          -765

    Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                    4,233       2,139         2,094
      Canadian bank claims             3,347       1,115         2,232

      Other private Canadian
        claims                           886       1,024          -138
    U.S. Government liabilities        1,245         763           482

              2009

Investment income                     15,492      17,139        -1,647

  Direct investment income             3,568       6,715        -3,147
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                     3,279       5,774        -2,495
      Dividends                        1,664       1,564           100

      Reinvested earnings              1,615       4,210        -2,595
    Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                      -395         470          -865

    Interest                             684         471           213

  Other investment income             11,924      10,424         1,500
    Securities                         8,615       8,915          -300
      Dividends                        5,309       5,663          -354
      Interest                         3,306       3,252            54

  Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                    2,398         689         1,709
    Canadian bank claims               1,700         176         1,524

    Other private Canadian
       claims                            698         513           185
  U.S. Government liabilities            911         820            91

                                       Common-basis statistics after
                                      definitional and methodological
                                              adjustments

                                   Canadian      U.S.
                                   receipts    payments    Difference

              2008

Investment income                     17,468      20,457        -2,989

  Direct investment income             6,764       7,762          -998
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                     7,542       6,346         1,196
      Dividends                        4,283       3,795           488

      Reinvested earnings              3,259       2,551           708
  Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                      -503       1,202        -1,705

  Interest                              -275         214          -489

  Other investment income             10,704      12,695        -1,991
    Securities                         8,690      11,177        -2,487
      Dividends                        5,453       6,802        -1,349
      Interest                         3,237       4,375        -1,138

    Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                    1,017         755           262
      Canadian bank claims               131         316          -185

      Other private Canadian
        claims                           886         439           447
    U.S. Government liabilities          997         763           234

              2009

Investment income                     11,914      16,895        -4,981

  Direct investment income             2,368       6,673          -305
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                     3,780       5,732        -1,952
      Dividends                        1,898       1,522           376

      Reinvested earnings              1,882       4,210        -2,328
    Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                    -1,016         470        -1,486

    Interest                            -396         471          -867

  Other investment income              9,546      10,222          -676
    Securities                         8,001       8,927          -926
      Dividends                        4,870       5,663          -793
      Interest                         3,131       3,264          -133

  Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                      816         475           341
    Canadian bank claims                 117         397          -280

    Other private Canadian
       claims                            699          78           621
  U.S. Government liabilities            729         820           -91

                                    Reconciled statistics,
                                    including statistical
                                          adjustments

                                    Canadian         U.S.
                                    receipts       payments

              2008

Investment income                       19,494          19,494

  Direct investment income               7,263           7,263
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                       6,943           6,943
      Dividends                          4,038           4,038

      Reinvested earnings                2,905           2,905
  Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                         350             350

  Interest                                 -30             -30

  Other investment income               12,231          12,231
    Securities                          10,354          10,354
      Dividends                          6,263           6,263
      Interest                           4,091           4,091

    Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                        997             997
      Canadian bank claims                 224             224

      Other private Canadian
        claims                             773             773
    U.S. Government liabilities            880             880

              2009

Investment income                       14,639          14,639

  Direct investment income               4,521           4,521
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                       4,756           4,756
      Dividends                          1,710           1,710

      Reinvested earnings                3,046           3,046
    Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                        -273            -273

    Interest                                38              38

  Other investment income               10,118          10,118
    Securities                           8,544           8,544
      Dividends                          5,346           5,346
      Interest                           3,198           3,198

  Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                        799             799
    Canadian bank claims                   256             256

    Other private Canadian
       claims                              543             543
  U.S. Government liabilities              775             775

                                    Total adjustments to
                                     official statistics

                                                United
                                    Canada      States

              2008

Investment income                     -3,126      -2,467

  Direct investment income              -508        -801
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                       637         295
      Dividends                          753         -59

      Reinvested earnings               -116         354
  Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                      -557        -852

  Interest                              -588        -244

  Other investment income             -2,618      -1,665
    Securities                           983        -640
      Dividends                          319        -539
      Interest                           664        -101

    Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                   -3,236      -1,142
      Canadian bank claims            -3,123        -891

      Other private Canadian
        claims                          -113        -251
    U.S. Government liabilities         -365         117

              2009

Investment income                       -853      -2,501

  Direct investment income               953      -2,194
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates                     1,477      -1,018
      Dividends                           46         146

      Reinvested earnings              1,431      -1,164
    Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                       122        -743

    Interest                            -646        -433

  Other investment income             -1,806        -306
    Securities                           -71        -371
      Dividends                           37        -317
      Interest                          -108         -54

  Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities                   -1,599         110
    Canadian bank claims              -1,444          80

    Other private Canadian
       claims                           -155          30
  U.S. Government liabilities           -136         -45

                                          Total adjustments to
                                           official statistics

                                           Type of adjustment

              2008

Investment income

  Direct investment income
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates
      Dividends                    Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
      Reinvested earnings          Methodological and statistical
  Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                 Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
  Interest                         Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
  Other investment income
    Securities
      Dividends                    Definitional and statistical
      Interest                     Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
    Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities
      Canadian bank claims         Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
      Other private Canadian
        claims                     Methodological and statistical
    U.S. Government liabilities    Definitional and statistical

              2009

Investment income

  Direct investment income
    Earnings of incorporated
        affiliates
      Dividends                    Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
      Reinvested earnings          Methodological and statistical
    Earnings of unincorporated
        affiliates                 Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
    Interest                       Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical

  Other investment income
    Securities
      Dividends                    Definitional and statistical
      Interest                     Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
  Canadian claims/U.S.
        liabilities
    Canadian bank claims           Definitional, methodological, and
                                   statistical
    Other private Canadian
       claims                      Methodological and statistical
  U.S. Government liabilities      Definitional and statistical