U.S. travel and tourism satellite accounts for 2005-2008.

Griffith, Eric S. ; Zemanek, Steven L.

THE TRAVEL and tourism industry--as measured by the real output of goods and services sold directly to visitors--shrank in 2008 for the first time in 7 years, according to the most recent statistics from the travel and tourism satellite accounts of the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Reflecting the broader economic downturn, real direct output decreased 1.8 percent in 2008, compared with increases of 1.1 percent in 2007 and 2.9 percent in 2006. (1) This was the first contraction since 2001. In addition, employment declined for the first time since 2003, decreasing less then 0.1 percent in 2008 after increasing 1.1 percent in 2007 and 1.4 percent in 2006.

Other highlights from the travel and tourism satellite accounts include the following:

* Real output slowed or turned down in 12 of 24 commodities in 2008, including both domestic and international passenger air transportation, gambling, and food and beverage services.

* Inbound tourism grew 14.2 percent in 2008, and outbound tourism grew 7.4 percent. As a result, net exports of travel and tourism increased to a record surplus of $24.9 billion in 2008 from a $15.8 billion surplus in 2007.

*Prices for tourism goods and services increased for the sixth consecutive year in 2008, increasing 5.2 percent after increasing 3.5 percent in 2007.

This update of the travel and tourism accounts revises statistics of output and employment for 2005-2008. It incorporates detailed data from the most recent annual input-output (I-O) tables of the U.S. economy, which are available through 2007, and summary statistics from the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) through 2008. The travel and tourism accounts are available on the BEA Web site at www.bea.gov; see the box "Data Availability"

The remainder of this article includes a discussion of trends in travel and tourism output and prices, the composition of tourism demand, and tourism value added and employment, followed by the core travel and tourism account tables.

Trends in Output and Prices

Real output

Contraction. The 1.8 percent decline in real direct travel and tourism output in 2008 was widespread. The overall downturn reflected faster declines in domestic passenger air transportation (11.8 percent in 2008, compared with 1.8 percent in 2007), gasoline (5.7 percent, compared with 0.1 percent), and gambling (8.8 percent, compared with 0.4 percent) (table A). In addition, international passenger air transportation turned down, falling 0.3 percent in 2008 after rising 7.0 percent in 2007. Food and beverage services also turned down, falling 0.5 percent after rising 0.9 percent. These 2008 declines were offset partially by a sharp acceleration in domestic passenger water transportation (10.3 percent in 2008, compared with 1.0 percent in 2007) and an upturn in automotive repair services (0.4 percent, compared with a decline of 4.3 percent).

Contributions. Transportation contributed most to the 1.8 percent decline in real travel and tourism output, accounting for 1.48 percentage points of the over all decrease in 2008 (tables B and C). Recreation, entertainment, and shopping accounted for 0.49 percentage point of the decline. While the growth in traveler accommodations decelerated, it was still positive and partially offset the sector's overall decline; it added 0.28 percentage point against the total decrease in 2008 (chart 1).

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Prices

Inflation. The 5.2 percent increase in travel and tourism prices, the sixth consecutive annual increase, reflected an increase in prices for gasoline (16.6 percent in 2008, compared with 8.3 percent in 2007), domestic passenger air transportation services (9.7 percent, compared with 0.9 percent), international passenger air transportation (10.6 percent, compared with 4.5 percent), and automotive rental and leasing (8.1 percent, compared with 1.6 percent). The overall acceleration in price growth for the travel and tourism sector was partly offset by a sharp deceleration in the prices for traveler accommodations (0.2 percent in 2008, compared with 4.8 percent in 2007) and a downturn in the price for travel arrangement and reservation services (a 1.3 percent decline, compared with a 1.6 percent increase) (table D).

Contributions. Transportation services accounted for 3.45 percentage points of the 5.2 percent growth in travel and tourism prices. Within transportation, growth in domestic air travel services accounted for 0.81 percentage point of the increase. International air travel services accounted for 0.65 percentage point of the overall increase. In addition, gasoline prices accounted for 1.60 percentage points of the overall travel and tourism increase. Food and beverage services accounted for 0.75 percentage point of total price growth in 2008 (chart 2 and table E). Gasoline prices accounted for 30.7 percent of overall price growth (table F).

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Total output

Total tourism-related output increased to $1.35 trillion in 2008, up 3.6 percent from $1.31 trillion in 2007. Total output consisted of $767.0 billion in direct tourism output and $587.6 billion in indirect tourism output. The 1.77 ratio of total output to direct output in 2008 means that every dollar of direct tourism output required an additional 77 cents of indirect tourism output (chart 3).

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Direct tourism output includes goods and services sold directly to visitors, such as passenger air travel. Indirect tourism output includes sales of all goods and services used to produce that direct output, such as jet fuel to fly the plane.

The Composition of Tourism Demand

The travel and tourism accounts include estimates of the composition of tourism demand by type of visitor. They distinguish expenditures of U.S. residents traveling abroad from those of U.S. residents and nonresidents traveling within the United States for leisure, business, or government purposes. The balance of tourism trade is derived by subtracting expenditures on foreign travel by U.S. residents (an import of goods and services to outbound travelers) from expenditures on U.S. travel by nonresidents (an export of goods and services to inbound travelers).

International travel and tourism

Current-dollar international travel (the sum of inbound and outbound travel) grew 11.0 percent in 2008 after growing 10.0 percent in 2007.

Inbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from U.S. providers by nonresidents traveling in the United States. This activity grew 14.2 percent to $134.5 billion (chart 4). Inbound activity has been strong in recent years, increasing an average of 12.0 percent every year since 2004. In that same time period, outbound travel increased an average of 7.7 percent.

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Accordingly, net exports grew an average of 110 percent per year from $1.9 billion in 2004 to $24.9 billion in 2008. The most recent spike in net exports of travel and tourism stemmed in part from the dollar's depreciation compared to other currencies in the first half of 2008, making travel to the United States by nonresidents less expensive. (2)

Outbound travel and tourism. This consists of travel-related expenditures and international transportation purchases from foreign providers by U.S. residents traveling abroad. In 2008, outbound activity grew 7.4 percent to $109.6 billion. As a result, net exports of travel and tourism increased to $24.9 billion in 2008 from $15.8 billion in 2007 (table G).

Internal travel and tourism. This consists of travel and tourism within the borders of the United States--the sum of domestic activity and inbound activity. (3) Inbound travel and tourism's share of internal tourism peaked in 2000, accounting for 15.3 percent of the total. After declining to 11.7 percent in 2003, inbound tourism rebounded slightly, accounting for 12.4 percent of internal tourism in 2006 and 13.8 percent in 2007 (table H and chart 5).

National tourism. This consists of travel and tourism by U.S. residents, both within the United States and abroad--the sum of domestic tourism and outbound tourism. The calculation of outbound tourism is modified here to include all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign or U.S. providers. This is to create consistency between expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States (domestic tourism) and expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad (outbound tourism). Outbound tourism's share of national tourism in creased to 18.2 percent in 2007, matching the peak in 2000 (table I and chart 6).

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Domestic travel and tourism

Domestic tourism includes travel and tourism undertaken by U.S. residents within the borders of the United States. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are outside of this defined boundary and are classified in "international travel." The travel and tourism accounts break out all expenditures on domestic travel and tourism by type of visitor: resident households, business, and government (table 3). Business's share of domestic travel and tourism increased for the fifth straight year to reach 33.3 percent in 2007, the most recent year for which data are available. Government expenditures made up 5.1 percent of domestic travel and tourism in 2007, holding relatively steady from previous years (table J and chart 7).

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Tourism Value Added and Employment

Value added

A sector's value added measures its contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). In 2007 (the most recent year for which data are available), tourism's share of GDP was 2.7 percent (table K). Travel and tourism's share of GDP continues to account for a larger share of GDP than industries such as utilities, computer and electronic products manufacturing, or broadcasting and telecommunications.

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Direct employment

Direct tourism employment includes jobs that involve producing goods and services that are directly sold to visitors. Airline pilots, hotel clerks, and travel agents are examples of such employees. Overall, direct employment decreased less then 0.1 percent in 2008. A decline in employment for the shopping industry was the largest contributor to the overall decline in employment growth, contributing 18 percent to the overall decline. Despite the decline in 2008, a few of the industries contributed positively. Food services and drinking places contributed 0.06 percentage point to growth, and traveler accommodations contributed 0.02 percentage point to growth (table L and chart 8). Almost all industries shed employment or cut back on hiring new employees (table M). Previously published estimates for 2005-2007 are shown in table N.

Total employment

Total tourism-related employment (the sum of direct and indirect jobs) decreased to 8.6 million jobs in 2008, down from 8.6 million jobs in 2007. The 8.6 mil lion jobs consisted of 5.9 million direct tourism jobs and 2.7 million indirect tourism jobs (chart 9). While direct tourism employment includes jobs that produce direct tourism output, such as airline pilots, indirect tourism employment is comprised of jobs that produce indirect tourism output, such as refinery workers producing jet fuel. The most recent data indicate that every direct tourism job generates an additional 46 percent of a job in indirect tourism employment (table 7).

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Acknowledgements

Patricia A. Washington and Paul V. Kern of the Industry Sector Division supervised the preparation of the estimates. Eric S. Griffith and Steven L. Zemanek prepared the estimates.

Staff members of the Industry Sector Division, the National Income and Wealth Division, the Government Division, and the Regional Economic Analysis Division contributed to the development of the estimates.

The Office of Travel and Tourism Industries of the International Trade Administration provided funding for the preparation of the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

(1.) All measures of travel and tourism activity not expressly identified as being in "real" terms are current-dollar estimates.

(2.) See Douglas B. Weinberg, Erin M. Whitaker, and Gregory A. Tenentes, "U.S. International Transactions," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 89 VOL. 4 (April 2009): 12-53.

(3.) As a component of internal tourism, the calculation of inbound tourism is modified to exclude all expenditures on international transportation, whether purchased from foreign or U.S. providers. This makes possible an equally defined comparison between expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the U.S. (domestic tourism) and expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the U.S. (inbound tourism).

Data Availability

The detailed annual statistics of tourism activity for 2007 are presented in eight tables at the end of this article. The detailed annual statistics for 1998-2007, statistics of output and employment for 2008, and quarterly statistics of output and employment are available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov under "Industry" and "Satellite Accounts."

Key Terms

The following key terms are used to describe the travel and tourism satellite accounts.

Domestic tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling within the United States. It comprises travel by resident households, business travel, and travel by government employees.

Inbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by nonresidents traveling within the United States and expenditures by nonresidents on international transportation purchased from U.S. providers. These expenditures exclude expenditures for travel to study in the United States and for medical reasons.

Internal tourism. The sum of domestic tourism expenditures and inbound tourism expenditures (net of all international transportation expenditures).

National tourism. The sum of domestic tourism demand and outbound tourism demand (including all international transportation expenditures).

Outbound tourism. Travel-related expenditures by U.S. residents traveling abroad and expenditures by U.S. residents on international transportation purchased from foreign providers. (See footnote 1.)

Tourism commodities. Goods and services that are typically purchased by visitors, such as airline passenger transportation, hotel accommodations, and meals. (2)

Tourism employment. Total tourism-related employment consists of direct tourism employment plus indirect tourism employment. Direct tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of direct tourism output (for example, hotel staff and airline pilots), and indirect tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of indirect tourism output (for example, workers producing hotel toiletries and delivering fuel to airlines).

Tourism output. Total tourism-related output consists of direct tourism output and indirect tourism output. Direct tourism output comprises all domestically produced goods and services purchased by travelers (for example, traveler accommodations and passenger air transportation), and indirect tourism output comprises all output required to support the production of direct tourism output (for example, toiletries for hotel guests and fuel for airplanes).

Usual environment. The area of normal, everyday activities within 50-100 miles of home. (3)

Visitor. A person who travels outside of his or her usual environment for less than a year or who stays overnight in a hotel or motel. The visitor may travel for pleasure or business (private sector or government). Visitors exclude travelers who expect to be compensated at the location of their visit (such as migrant workers, persons traveling to new assignments, and diplomatic and military personnel traveling to and from their duty stations and their home countries).

(1.) In the travel and tourism satellite accounts, inbound and outbound visitors are not differentiated by type of visitor, because the data to prepare these estimates are not available.

(2.) The classification of tourism commodities in the travel and tourism satellite accounts is based on a list of primary activities of visitors that was developed from recommendations by the World Tourism Organization, by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and from various surveys of U.S. visitors.

(3.) The usual environment depends on the availability of source data.

Table A. Annual Growth in Real Output
by Tourism Commodity in 2003-2008

[Percentage change from preceding period]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 3.1 6.2 2.6
 Traveler accommodations 3.4 3.7 2.8
 Food and beverage services 4.4 5.5 5.2
 Transportation 2.9 9.3 5.3
 Passenger air transportation 3.3 10.6 1.3
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 6.8 7.8 -4.5
 International passenger air
 transportation services -4.3 17.4 13.8
 All other transportation-related
 commodities -0.8 4.1 2.5
 Passenger rail transportation services 3.2 8.5 -10.0
 Passenger water transportation
 services 20.7 40.5 -1.5
 Intercity bus services 15.3 -6.4 4.2
 Intercity charter bus services -3.7 -4.0 -4.8
 Local bus and other transportation
 services -2.6 1.5 12.1
 Taxicab services -9.0 -4.0 9.4
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services -0.8 3.2 2.4
 Automotive rental and leasing -1.5 9.0 3.5
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 1.6 15.5 17.8
 Automotive repair services -12.1 -0.4 -3.1
 Parking 12.0 0.4 2.3
 Highway tolls 8.1 -0.8 -7.8
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 4.9 2.6 5.6
 Gasoline -4.5 2.0 1.2
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 4.7 7.3 1.5
 Recreation and entertainment 5.5 4.8 0.4
 Motion pictures and performing arts 2.3 3.5 -3.1
 Spectator sports 2.6 6.1 -3.7
 Participant sports 1.3 1.0 1.4
 Gambling 9.3 9.9 2.3
 All other recreation and entertainment 5.6 -1.1 0.2
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 5.3 9.9 3.1

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 2.9 1.1 -1.8
 Traveler accommodations 4.1 3.1 1.6
 Food and beverage services 3.6 0.9 -0.5
 Transportation 3.6 2.2 -0.3
 Passenger air transportation 0.6 1.6 -7.1
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services -0.6 -1.8 -11.8
 International passenger air
 transportation services 8.3 7.0 -0.3
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 2.2 0.4 -1.6
 Passenger rail transportation services 1.9 3.7 5.2
 Passenger water transportation
 services 5.6 1.0 10.3
 Intercity bus services -11.0 -3.9 1.7
 Intercity charter bus services 6.7 -17.0 -3.3
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 4.6 5.7 6.9
 Taxicab services 11.7 8.1 3.0
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 0.9 0.4 1.2
 Automotive rental and leasing -0.3 1.9 -1.4
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 3.3 2.1 -3.2
 Automotive repair services -0.2 -4.3 0.4
 Parking -3.8 0.0 -4.7
 Highway tolls -10.8 -5.9 -5.0
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 1.5 1.5 1.7
 Gasoline 3.7 -0.1 -5.7
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 3.1 0.0 -1.4
 Recreation and entertainment 2.0 0.6 -2.9
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.1 -1.7 -1.7
 Spectator sports 2.6 -0.1 0.2
 Participant sports 3.3 2.7 1.4
 Gambling 4.2 -0.4 -8.8
 All other recreation and entertainment -2.2 5.7 4.0
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 4.7 -0.4 -1.0

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table B. Contributions to Growth in Real Tourism Output
by Tourism Commodity in 2003-2008

[Percentage points]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 3.14 6.23 2.65
 Traveler accommodations 0.58 0.64 0.48
 Food and beverage services 0.73 0.93 0.86
 Transportation 0.33 2.49 0.76
 Passenger air transportation 0.50 1.57 0.19
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 0.69 0.82 -0.47
 International passenger air
 transportation services -0.20 0.75 0.66
 All other transportation-related
 commodities -0.16 0.93 0.57
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.01 0.02 -0.02
 Passenger water transportation
 services 0.21 0.45 -0.02
 Intercity bus services 0.04 -0.02 0.01
 Intercity charter bus services -0.01 -0.01 -0.01
 Local bus and other transportation
 services -0.01 0.01 0.06
 Taxicab services -0.06 -0.02 0.05
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Automotive rental and leasing -0.06 0.32 0.12
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Automotive repair services -0.30 -0.14 -0.06
 Parking 0.04 0.00 0.01
 Highway tolls 0.01 0.00 -0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 0.28 0.15 0.31
 Gasoline -0.32 0.15 0.10
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1.50 2.17 0.54
 Recreation and entertainment 0.67 0.60 0.05
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.05 0.07 -0.06
 Spectator sports 0.02 0.06 -0.03
 Participant sports 0.02 0.02 0.03
 Gambling 0.43 0.48 0.12
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.15 -0.03 0.01
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 0.83 1.57 0.49

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 2.90 1.05 -1.77
 Traveler accommodations 0.71 0.55 0.28
 Food and beverage services 0.60 0.15 -0.08
 Transportation 0.62 0.34 -1.48
 Passenger air transportation 0.09 0.23 -1.11
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services -0.35 -0.17 -1.07
 International passenger air
 transportation services 0.44 0.39 -0.03
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 0.52 0.11 -0.38
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Passenger water transportation
 services 0.07 0.01 0.13
 Intercity bus services -0.03 -0.01 0.00
 Intercity charter bus services 0.01 -0.02 0.00
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 0.02 0.03 0.04
 Taxicab services 0.07 0.05 0.02
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Automotive rental and leasing -0.01 0.06 -0.05
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Automotive repair services 0.00 -0.07 0.01
 Parking -0.01 -0.02 -0.01
 Highway tolls -0.01 -0.01 -0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 0.08 0.08 0.09
 Gasoline 0.33 -0.01 -0.60
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.97 0.01 -0.49
 Recreation and entertainment 0.23 0.07 -0.34
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.00 -0.03 -0.03
 Spectator sports 0.02 -0.05 0.00
 Participant sports 0.06 0.05 0.02
 Gambling 0.21 -0.02 -0.43
 All other recreation and entertainment -0.05 0.13 0.10
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 0.73 -0.06 -0.15

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table C. Real Output by Tourism Commodity in 2003-2008

[Millions of chained (2000) dollars]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 541,831 575,591 590,822
 Traveler accommodations 93,952 97,381 100,081
 Food and beverage services 86,680 91,458 96,194
 Transportation 208,099 227,499 239,484
 Passenger air transportation 89,903 99,440 100,747
 Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 70,212 75,720 72,305
 International passenger air
 transportation services 20,597 24,174 27,504
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 120,837 125,758 128,851
 Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,269 1,377 1,239
 Passenger water transportation
 services 7,709 10,829 10,665
 Intercity bus services 1,652 1,547 1,613
 Intercity charter bus services 810 777 740
 Local bus and other
 transportation services 2,658 2,698 3,023
 Taxicab services 2,811 2,699 2,952
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,016 2,081 2,130
 Automotive rental and leasing 18,849 20,537 21,249
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 475 548 646
 Automotive repair services 10,768 10,074 9,761
 Parking 1,608 1,614 1,652
 Highway tolls 648 642 592
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 33,307 34,169 36,074
 Gasoline 36,705 37,429 37,885
 Recreation, entertainment, and
 shopping 147,112 157,780 160,150
 Recreation and entertainment 64,207 67,280 67,546
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts 9,991 10,345 10,021
 Spectator sports 4,503 4,777 4,598
 Participant sports 9,788 9,890 10,032
 Gambling 25,684 28,215 28,860
 All other recreation and
 entertainment 14,258 14,095 14,123
 Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 85,616 94,132 97,046

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 607,934 614,340 603,487
 Traveler accommodations 104,186 107,426 109,119
 Food and beverage services 99,678 100,587 100,108
 Transportation 248,138 253,704 253,059
 Passenger air transportation 101,330 102,959 95,606
 Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 69,703 68,427 60,361
 International passenger air
 transportation services 29,792 31,889 31,790
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 131,695 132,281 130,131
 Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,262 1,309 1,377
 Passenger water transportation
 services 11,267 11,384 12,554
 Intercity bus services 1,435 1,379 1,403
 Intercity charter bus services 789 655 633
 Local bus and other
 transportation services 3,162 3,342 3,573
 Taxicab services 3,299 3,564 3,671
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,149 2,158 2,184
 Automotive rental and leasing 21,192 21,592 21,287
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 668 682 660
 Automotive repair services 9,739 9,320 9,360
 Parking 1,590 1,494 1,424
 Highway tolls 528 497 472
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 36,601 37,150 37,785
 Gasoline 39,282 39,253 37,001
 Recreation, entertainment, and
 shopping 165,172 165,143 162,905
 Recreation and entertainment 68,888 69,329 67,299
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts 10,029 9,858 9,692
 Spectator sports 4,718 4,431 4,442
 Participant sports 10,363 10,643 10,795
 Gambling 30,083 29,965 27,337
 All other recreation and
 entertainment 13,810 14,599 15,179
 Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 101,650 101,257 100,277

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table D. Annual Growth in Prices
for Tourism Commodities in 2003-2008

[Percentage change from preceding period]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 2.8 3.5 5.0
 Traveler accommodations 1.6 5.7 5.9
 Food and beverage services 2.1 3.1 3.1
 Transportation 2.6 1.3 4.0
 Passenger air transportation 3.4 -1.1 6.3
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 2.8 -2.3 6.2
 International passenger air
 transportation services 4.6 1.6 6.5
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 5.6 7.2 8.0
 Passenger rail transportation services -7.5 -3.5 3.5
 Passenger water transportation
 services -8.0 -1.5 1.3
 Intercity bus services 3.7 3.8 3.6
 Intercity charter bus services 4.1 2.5 2.3
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 5.0 4.5 4.6
 Taxicab services 7.2 6.0 4.7
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 4.1 2.5 2.3
 Automotive rental and leasing 3.2 1.2 0.3
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 8.3 7.6 -1.2
 Automotive repair services 2.8 1.7 2.9
 Parking 2.8 4.4 6.5
 Highway tolls 2.2 8.4 12.4
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services -0.3 3.7 -0.8
 Gasoline 16.7 18.0 22.4
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 2.1 2.6 2.8
 Recreation and entertainment 2.5 2.9 3.6
 Motion pictures and performing arts 4.6 3.6 5.5
 Spectator sports 1.8 4.8 6.3
 Participant sports 1.3 2.1 2.2
 Gambling 2.3 2.6 3.2
 All other recreation and entertainment 2.5 2.8 2.9
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 0.5 1.7 1.5

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 4.5 3.5 5.2
 Traveler accommodations 3.7 4.8 0.2
 Food and beverage services 3.1 3.7 4.5
 Transportation 4.8 2.3 5.2
 Passenger air transportation 6.5 2.3 10.0
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 7.0 0.9 9.7
 International passenger air
 transportation services 5.5 4.5 10.6
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 7.3 4.5 8.4
 Passenger rail transportation services 7.3 4.6 3.8
 Passenger water transportation
 services 0.3 -0.1 -1.9
 Intercity bus services 7.2 0.9 6.5
 Intercity charter bus services 3.5 3.2 2.6
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 3.9 2.5 4.1
 Taxicab services 3.3 2.1 4.0
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 3.5 3.2 2.5
 Automotive rental and leasing 5.9 1.6 8.1
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 1.7 10.1 12.6
 Automotive repair services 4.2 3.9 5.1
 Parking 3.0 3.8 6.8
 Highway tolls 11.0 5.8 13.3
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 3.8 1.6 -1.3
 Gasoline 12.4 8.3 16.6
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 2.9 2.4 3.1
 Recreation and entertainment 3.3 2.6 3.2
 Motion pictures and performing arts 3.6 2.6 2.1
 Spectator sports 3.7 5.0 5.6
 Participant sports 3.0 1.3 2.6
 Gambling 3.3 2.8 3.8
 All other recreation and entertainment 3.2 2.4 2.4
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 1.8 2.1 3.9

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table E. Contributions to Annual Growth in the Chain-Type Price
Indexes for Tourism Commodities in 2003-2008

[Percentage points]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 2.77 3.55 4.97
 Traveler accommodations 0.28 0.98 1.01
 Food and beverage services 0.35 0.51 0.53
 Transportation 1.75 1.42 2.76
 Passenger air transportation 0.50 -0.17 0.93
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 0.30 -0.24 0.61
 International passenger air
 transportation services 0.21 0.07 0.32
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 1.25 1.59 1.82
 Passenger rail transportation services -0.02 -0.01 0.01
 Passenger water transportation
 services -0.09 -0.02 0.02
 Intercity bus services 0.01 0.01 0.01
 Intercity charter bus services 0.01 0.00 0.00
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 0.03 0.02 0.02
 Taxicab services 0.04 0.03 0.03
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 0.02 0.01 0.01
 Automotive rental and leasing 0.12 0.05 0.01
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.01 0.01 0.00
 Automotive repair services 0.07 0.03 0.05
 Parking 0.01 0.01 0.02
 Highway tolls 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services -0.02 0.21 -0.04
 Gasoline 1.07 1.22 1.67
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.39 0.64 0.67
 Recreation and entertainment 0.31 0.36 0.43
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.09 0.07 0.10
 Spectator sports 0.02 0.04 0.06
 Participant sports 0.03 0.04 0.04
 Gambling 0.11 0.13 0.16
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.07 0.08 0.07
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 0.08 0.28 0.24

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 4.49 3.50 5.21
 Traveler accommodations 0.65 0.85 0.04
 Food and beverage services 0.53 0.61 0.75
 Transportation 2.64 1.41 3.45
 Passenger air transportation 0.95 0.35 1.45
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 0.65 0.08 0.81
 International passenger air
 transportation services 0.30 0.26 0.65
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 1.69 1.06 2.00
 Passenger rail transportation services 0.01 0.01 0.01
 Passenger water transportation
 services 0.00 0.00 -0.03
 Intercity bus services 0.02 0.00 0.02
 Intercity charter bus services 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 0.02 0.01 0.02
 Taxicab services 0.02 0.01 0.03
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 0.01 0.01 0.01
 Automotive rental and leasing 0.20 0.05 0.28
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Automotive repair services 0.07 0.06 0.08
 Parking 0.01 0.01 0.02
 Highway tolls 0.01 0.01 0.01
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 0.21 0.09 -0.07
 Gasoline 1.09 0.78 1.60
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.68 0.63 0.96
 Recreation and entertainment 0.39 0.31 0.37
 Motion pictures and performing arts 0.07 0.05 0.04
 Spectator sports 0.03 0.04 0.05
 Participant sports 0.05 0.02 0.04
 Gambling 0.16 0.14 0.18
 All other recreation and entertainment 0.08 0.06 0.06
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 0.29 0.32 0.60

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table F. Chain-Type Price Indexes
for Tourism Commodities in 2003-2008

[Index numbers, 2000=100]

 Commodity 2003 2004 2005

All tourism goods and services 102.8 106.4 111.7
 Traveler accommodations 102.8 108.7 115.0
 Food and beverage services 108.2 111.5 115.0
 Transportation 100.2 101.5 105.6
 Passenger air transportation 93.2 92.2 97.9
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 84.8 82.9 88.1
 International passenger air
 transportation services 117.5 119.3 127.2
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 103.3 110.7 119.6
 Passenger rail transportation services 99.0 95.5 98.9
 Passenger water transportation
 services 81.4 80.2 81.2
 Intercity bus services 110.5 114.7 118.9
 Intercity charter bus services 111.4 114.2 116.9
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 108.4 113.3 118.5
 Taxicab services 112.8 119.6 125.2
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 111.5 114.2 116.9
 Automotive rental and leasing 107.8 109.1 109.4
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 109.7 118.0 116.5
 Automotive repair services 110.4 112.3 115.5
 Parking 111.3 116.2 123.8
 Highway tolls 100.1 108.5 122.0
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 97.8 101.4 100.6
 Gasoline 105.1 124.0 151.7
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 107.4 110.2 113.3
 Recreation and entertainment 108.6 111.8 115.7
 Motion pictures and performing arts 112.3 116.4 122.8
 Spectator sports 112.5 117.8 125.3
 Participant sports 107.5 109.8 112.2
 Gambling 106.8 109.6 113.1
 All other recreation and entertainment 108.6 111.7 115.0
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 103.1 104.9 106.4

 Commodity 2006 2007 2008

All tourism goods and services 116.7 120.8 127.1
 Traveler accommodations 119.3 125.0 125.3
 Food and beverage services 118.6 123.0 128.4
 Transportation 110.7 113.2 119.0
 Passenger air transportation 104.2 106.6 117.3
 Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 94.2 95.1 104.3
 International passenger air
 transportation services 134.1 140.2 155.0
 All other transportation-related
 commodities 128.3 134.1 145.3
 Passenger rail transportation services 106.1 111.0 115.3
 Passenger water transportation
 services 81.4 81.3 79.8
 Intercity bus services 127.4 128.5 136.8
 Intercity charter bus services 120.9 124.7 128.0
 Local bus and other transportation
 services 123.1 126.1 131.3
 Taxicab services 129.4 132.0 137.4
 Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 120.9 124.8 128.0
 Automotive rental and leasing 115.8 117.7 127.3
 Other vehicle rental and leasing 118.5 130.5 146.9
 Automotive repair services 120.4 125.1 131.5
 Parking 127.4 132.3 141.3
 Highway tolls 135.3 143.2 162.2
 Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 104.4 106.1 104.8
 Gasoline 170.6 184.7 215.3
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 116.6 119.4 123.1
 Recreation and entertainment 119.6 122.7 126.6
 Motion pictures and performing arts 127.2 130.5 133.2
 Spectator sports 129.9 136.4 144.0
 Participant sports 115.5 117.0 120.1
 Gambling 116.7 120.0 124.6
 All other recreation and entertainment 118.7 121.6 124.5
 Nondurable PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 108.4 110.7 115.0

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table G. U.S. International Travel and Tourism in 2003-2008

[Billions of dollars]

 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Total international
 travel and tourism 152.3 177.2 190.7 199.9 219.9 244.1
Inbound travel and
 tourism 76.6 89.6 98.5 103.3 117.8 134.5
Outbound travel and
 tourism 75.7 87.6 92.2 96.6 102.1 109.6
Net exports of travel
 and tourism 0.9 1.9 6.3 6.7 15.8 24.9

Table H. Internal Travel and Tourism in the United States
by Residents and Nonresidents in 2001-2007

 Millions of dollars

Year Residents Nonresidents Total
 (inbound)

2001 436,526 70,737 507,263
2002 443,862 65,383 509,244
2003 478,332 63,245 541,577
2004 518,231 73,362 591,593
2005 552,335 80,347 632,682
2006 593,930 83,988 677,918
2007 594,116 94,957 689,073

 Share

Year Residents Nonresidents
 (inbound)

2001 86.1 13.9
2002 87.2 12.8
2003 88.3 11.7
2004 87.6 12.4
2005 87.3 12.7
2006 87.6 12.4
2007 86.2 13.8

Table I. National Travel and Tourism
in the United States and Abroad in 2001-2007

 Millions of dollars

 In the Abroad
Year United States (outbound) Total

2001 436,526 93,911 530,437
2002 443,862 90,224 534,085
2003 478,332 91,872 570,204
2004 518,231 107,909 626,140
2005 552,335 117,073 669,408
2006 593,930 125,614 719,544
2007 594,116 131,923 726,039

 Percent

 In the Abroad
Year United States (outbound)

2001 82.3 17.7
2002 83.1 16.9
2003 83.9 16.1
2004 82.8 17.2
2005 82.5 17.5
2006 82.5 17.5
2007 81.8 18.2

Table J. Domestic Travel and Tourism
by Type of Visitor in 2001-2007

 Millions of dollars

Year Resident
 households Business Government Total

2001 278,072 139,331 24,281 441,683
2002 283,455 139,679 25,715 448,849
2003 307,202 151,296 25,291 483,790
2004 332,975 165,601 27,433 526,009
2005 354,122 178,842 28,659 561,624
2006 379,666 193,695 30,182 603,543
2007 371,156 200,724 30,579 602,459

 Percent

 Resident
Year households Business Government

2001 63.0 31.5 5.5
2002 63.2 31.1 5.7
2003 63.5 31.3 5.2
2004 63.3 31.5 5.2
2005 63.1 31.8 5.1
2006 62.9 32.1 5.0
2007 61.6 33.3 5.1

Table K. Travel and Tourism as a Share
of Gross Domestic Product in 2001-2007

 Billions of dollars Percent

Year Gross domestic Tourism value Tourism value added
 product (GDP) added as share of GDP

2001 10,128 283 2.80
2002 10,470 285 2.72
2003 10,961 298 2.72
2004 11,686 317 2.71
2005 12,422 331 2.66
2006 13,178 352 2.67
2007 13,808 370 2.68

Table L. Contributions to Growth in
Employment by Tourism in 2003-2008

[Percentage points]

 Industry 2003 2004 2005

All tourism industries -0.07 1.81 1.61
 Traveler accommodations 0.00 0.21 0.34
 Nonfarm residential tenant
 occupied permanent site 0.00 0.01 0.00
 Food services and drinking places 1.08 1.43 1.50
 Transportation -1.33 -0.30 -0.11
 Air transportation services -0.74 -0.11 -0.25
 All other transportation-related
 industries -0.59 -0.19 0.14
 Rail transportation services 0.01 -0.05 0.00
 Water transportation services 0.01 0.11 0.03
 Interurban bus transportation -0.02 -0.01 0.00
 Interurban charter bus
 transportation -0.02 0.02 -0.01
 Urban transit systems and
 other transportation 0.02 0.02 0.15
 Taxi service -0.08 -0.01 0.06
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services -0.01 0.01 0.00
 Automotive equipment rental
 and leasing -0.07 -0.02 0.01
 Automotive repair services -0.15 -0.08 -0.04
 Parking lots and garages 0.03 0.01 0.01
 Toll highways 0.01 0.00 0.00
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services -0.28 -0.16 -0.06
 Petroleum refineries 0.00 -0.01 0.00
 Gasoline service stations -0.04 -0.02 -0.01
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.20 0.43 -0.12
 Recreation and entertainment 0.18 0.29 0.19
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts 0.01 -0.01 -0.03
 Spectator sports 0.03 0.07 0.04
 Participant sports 0.10 0.15 0.10
 Gambling 0.01 0.10 0.09
 All other recreation
 and entertainment 0.03 -0.01 -0.01
 Shopping 0.02 0.14 -0.31
 Industries producing nondurable
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries -0.08 0.00 -0.15
 Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 0.11 0.14 -0.15
 All other industries -0.02 0.03 0.00
 All other industries, excluding
 wholesale trade and
 transportation services -0.02 -0.02 0.04
 Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 0.00 0.05 -0.04

 Industry 2006 2007 2008

All tourism industries 1.39 1.05 -0.01
 Traveler accommodations 0.08 0.20 0.02
 Nonfarm residential tenant
 occupied permanent site 0.01 0.02 0.00
 Food services and drinking places 0.85 0.54 0.06
 Transportation 0.11 0.22 -0.01
 Air transportation services -0.10 0.08 0.04
 All other transportation-related
 industries 0.21 0.15 -0.05
 Rail transportation services -0.02 0.03 0.01
 Water transportation services 0.06 0.02 0.01
 Interurban bus transportation -0.01 -0.01 0.00
 Interurban charter bus
 transportation -0.01 0.01 0.01
 Urban transit systems and
 other transportation 0.09 0.10 0.03
 Taxi service 0.07 0.07 0.02
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 0.00 0.01 0.00
 Automotive equipment rental
 and leasing -0.01 -0.06 -0.02
 Automotive repair services 0.01 -0.02 -0.03
 Parking lots and garages 0.00 0.01 0.01
 Toll highways 0.00 0.00 0.00
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 0.00 0.00 -0.06
 Petroleum refineries 0.00 0.00 0.01
 Gasoline service stations 0.04 -0.01 -0.03
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 0.17 -0.02 -0.05
 Recreation and entertainment 0.11 0.24 0.13
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts -0.02 -0.01 -0.01
 Spectator sports 0.03 -0.02 0.02
 Participant sports 0.11 0.10 0.05
 Gambling 0.04 0.11 0.05
 All other recreation
 and entertainment -0.04 0.06 0.03
 Shopping 0.06 -0.26 -0.18
 Industries producing nondurable
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries -0.03 -0.10 -0.06
 Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 0.09 -0.16 -0.12
 All other industries 0.17 0.08 -0.03
 All other industries, excluding
 wholesale trade and
 transportation services 0.03 0.04 0.00
 Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 0.14 0.03 -0.03

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table M. Direct Employment by
Tourism Industry in 2003-2008

[Thousands]

 Industry 2003 2004 2005

All tourism industries 5,579 5,679 5,771
 Traveler accommodations 1,319 1,331 1,350
 Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
 permanent site 9 9 9
 Food services and drinking places 1,697 1,777 1,862
 Transportation 1,134 1,117 1,110
 Air transportation services 473 467 453
 All other transportation-related
 industries 660 650 658
 Rail transportation services 12 10 10
 Water transportation services 28 34 36
 Interurban bus transportation 24 23 23
 Interurban charter bus
 transportation 20 21 21
 Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 48 49 58
 Taxi service 44 44 47
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 18 18 18
 Automotive equipment rental
 and leasing 100 98 99
 Automotive repair services 53 48 46
 Parking lots and garages 13 14 14
 Toll highways 5 5 5
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 210 202 198
 Petroleum refineries 8 7 7
 Gasoline service stations 78 77 77
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1,173 1,197 1,191
 Recreation and entertainment 603 620 630
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts 33 33 31
 Spectator sports 58 62 64
 Participant sports 216 224 229
 Gambling 170 175 180
 All other recreation and
 entertainment 126 126 125
 Shopping 570 578 560
 Industries producing nondurable
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries 169 169 161
 Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 401 408 400
All other industries 247 249 249
 All other industries, excluding
 wholesale trade and transportation
 services 79 77 80
 Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 169 171 169

 Industry 2006 2007 2008

All tourism industries 5,851 5,912 5,912
 Traveler accommodations 1,354 1,366 1,367
 Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
 permanent site 10 11 11
 Food services and drinking places 1,911 1,943 1,947
 Transportation 1,117 1,130 1,129
 Air transportation services 447 452 454
 All other transportation-related
 industries 669 678 675
 Rail transportation services 8 10 10
 Water transportation services 39 40 41
 Interurban bus transportation 22 22 22
 Interurban charter bus
 transportation 20 20 21
 Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 63 69 71
 Taxi service 51 55 56
 Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 18 19 19
 Automotive equipment rental
 and leasing 99 95 94
 Automotive repair services 46 45 43
 Parking lots and garages 14 15 15
 Toll highways 5 5 5
 Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 198 198 194
 Petroleum refineries 7 8 8
 Gasoline service stations 79 781 77
 Recreation, entertainment, and shopping 1,200 1,199 1,196
 Recreation and entertainment 637 651 659
 Motion pictures and performing
 arts 30 30 29
 Spectator sports 66 65 66
 Participant sports 235 241 244
 Gambling 182 189 192
 All other recreation and
 entertainment 123 126 128
 Shopping 564 548 538
 Industries producing nondurable
 PCE commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries 159 153 150
 Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 405 395 388
All other industries 259 263 262
 All other industries, excluding
 wholesale trade and transportation
 services 81 84 84
 Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 178 180 178

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table N. Revisions to Real Growth in
Direct Tourism Output and Employment

[Percent change]

 Direct Tourism Output

 2005

 Previously
Commodity group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 2.9 2.6 -0.3
 Traveler accommodations 1.8 2.8 0.9
 Passenger air transportation 2.7 1.3 -1.3
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 3.9 2.5 -1.4
 Food services and drinking
 places 4.5 5.2 0.7
 Recreation and entertainment 1.6 1.5 -0.1
 Shopping (retailers) 2.7 3.1 0.4

 Direct Tourism Output

 2006

 Previously
Commodity group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 3.1 2.9 -0.2
 Traveler accommodations 3.8 4.1 0.4
 Passenger air transportation 2.6 0.6 -2.0
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 2.8 2.2 -0.6
 Food services and drinking
 places 3.2 3.6 0.5
 Recreation and entertainment 1.6 3.1 1.6
 Shopping (retailers) 5.0 4.7 -0.2

 Direct Tourism Output

 2007

 Previously
Commodity group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 2.0 1.1 -0.9
 Traveler accommodations 1.2 3.1 1.9
 Passenger air transportation 2.6 1.6 -1.0
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 1.8 0.4 -1.3
 Food services and drinking
 places 1.7 0.9 -0.8
 Recreation and entertainment 1.8 OA -1.8
 Shopping (retailers) 3.2 -0.4 -3.6

 Direct Tourism Output

 2008

 Previously
Commodity group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities -0.4 -1.8 -1.3
 Traveler accommodations 1.0 1.6 0.6
 Passenger air transportation -2.7 -7.1 -4.5
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 0.5 -1.6 -2.1
 Food services and drinking
 places -0.2 -0.5 -0.3
 Recreation and entertainment -2.3 -1.4 1.0
 Shopping (retailers) -0.1 -1.0 -0.8

 Direct Tourism Employment

 2005

 Previously
Industry group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 1.0 1.6 61.0
 Traveler accommodations 0.9 1.4 0.5
 Passenger air transportation -3.6 -3.0 0.6
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 1.3 1.2 -0.1
 Food services and drinking
 places 4.0 4.8 0.8
 Recreation and entertainment 0.7 1.7 1.0
 Shopping (retailers) -4.0 -3.0 1.0
 All other industries 1.0 0.0 -1.0

 Direct Tourism Employment

 2006

 Previously
Industry group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 0.6 1.4 0.8
 Traveler accommodations 0.3 0.3 0.1
 Passenger air transportation -1.0 -1.2 -0.3
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 0.8 1.8 1.0
 Food services and drinking
 places 1.2 2.6 1.4
 Recreation and entertainment -1.0 1.0 2.0
 Shopping (retailers) 0.2 0.6 0.4
 All other industries 4.5 4.0 -0.5

 Direct Tourism Employment

 2007

 Previously
Industry group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities 1.7 1.0 -0.6
 Traveler accommodations 1.5 0.9 -0.6
 Passenger air transportation 1.9 1.0 -0.9
 All other transportation-
 related commodities 1.0 1.3 0.2
 Food services and drinking
 places 2.1 1.7 -0.5
 Recreation and entertainment 2.5 2.2 -0.3
 Shopping (retailers) 0.5 -2.7 -3.2
 All other industries 1.2 1.7 0.5

 Direct Tourism Employment

 2008

 Previously
Industry group published Revised Revision

All tourism commodities n.a. 0.0 n.a.
 Traveler accommodations n.a. 0.1 n.a.
 Passenger air transportation n.a. 0.6 n.a.
 All other transportation-
 related commodities n.a. -0.4 n.a.
 Food services and drinking
 places n.a. 0.2 n.a.
 Recreation and entertainment n.a. 1.2 n.a.
 Shopping (retailers) n.a. -1.9 n.a.
 All other industries n.a. -0.7 n.a.

n.a. Not applicable

Table 1. Production of Commodities by Industry, 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Industry

 Nonfarm
 residential
 tenant
 occupied
 Traveler permanent
 Commodity accommodations site

Traveler accommodations 116,992 14,968
Food services and drinking places 35,687 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling 31,231 ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 14 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 2,256 ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 4,899 277,132
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 4 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 191,082 292,100
Intermediate inputs 71,048 75,660
Value added 120,034 216,440
 Compensation of employees 61,724 10,962
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 17,639 31,682
 Gross operating surplus 40,671 173,796

 Industry

 Food
 services
 and
 drinking Air
 Commodity places transportation

Traveler accommodations 608 ...
Food services and drinking places 510,287 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services ... 44,696
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... 5
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment 587 ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 168 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... 2,118
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... 5,749
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 2,570 ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 795 32,350
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... 4,664
All other retail trade margins 117 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 515,131 154,634
Intermediate inputs 256,537 89,074
Value added 258,594 65,561
 Compensation of employees 174,791 45,886
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 26,940 8,000
 Gross operating surplus 56,863 11,675

 Industry

 Rail Water
 Commodity transportation transportation

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places 86 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453 ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... 9,994
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... 18
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... 1
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline 1,928 830
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline 29,630 3,400
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 14,897 25,994
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins 25,550 1,531
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 73,543 41,766
Intermediate inputs 29,985 24,911
Value added 43,558 16,855
 Compensation of employees 20,879 10,750
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 1,107 1,292
 Gross operating surplus 21,572 4,813

 Industry

 Interurban Interurban
 bus charter bus
 Commodity transportation transportation

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation 1,725 10
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 37 634
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 40 153
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... 24
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... 4
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 55 20
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 1,856 844
Intermediate inputs 778 120
Value added 1,079 724
 Compensation of employees 736 613
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 16 11
 Gross operating surplus 326 101

 Industry

 Urban
 transit
 systems
 and other Taxi
 Commodity transportation service

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation 14 ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 71 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 21,752 46
Taxi service 12 13,311
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 32 ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services 21 4
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 6 4
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 3,868 53
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 25,777 13,418
Intermediate inputs 14,228 4,239
Value added 11,549 9,179
 Compensation of employees 22,676 6,147
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies -36 550
 Gross operating surplus -11,091 2,482

 Industry

 Automotive
 Scenic and equipment
 sightseeing rental and
 Commodity transportation leasing

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services 12 ...
Interurban bus transportation 22 ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 16 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 34 33
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,607 ...
Automotive rental ... 27,048
Other vehicle rental ... 697
Automotive repair services 1 ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment 1 ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 32 19,273
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 8 274
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 2,734 47,325
Intermediate inputs 505 33,498
Value added 2,229 13,827
 Compensation of employees 977 8,207
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 291 4,076
 Gross operating surplus 961 1,544

 Industry

 Automotive Parking
 repair lots and
 Commodity services garages

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services 111,400 ...
Parking lots and garages ... 11,479
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline 37 ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... 3
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 13,917 1
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 1,789 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 127,143 11,483
Intermediate inputs 67,836 6,060
Value added 59,307 5,423
 Compensation of employees 32,378 2,235
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 9,253 829
 Gross operating surplus 17,675 2,359

 Industry

 Travel
 arrangement
 and
 Toll reservation
 Commodity highways services

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls 10,095 ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... 41,513
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... 86
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 264 109
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 10,359 41,709
Intermediate inputs 3,085 20,638
Value added 7,274 21,071
 Compensation of employees 2,415 16,410
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies ... 916
 Gross operating surplus 4,859 3,744

 Industry

 Motion
 pictures
 and
 performing Spectator
 Commodity arts sports

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places 4 4
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 23,055 15,685
Spectator sports ... 16,432
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment 40 3,046
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 187 371
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 25,183 8,903
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 5 23
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 48,474 44,465
Intermediate inputs 32,274 14,220
Value added 16,200 30,245
 Compensation of employees 15,149 18,155
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 2,021 2,550
 Gross operating surplus -970 9,539

 Industry

 Participant
 Commodity sports Gambling

Traveler accommodations 367 ...
Food services and drinking places 6,242 2,680
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... 104
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports 38,619 ...
Gambling ... 40,958
All other recreation
 and entertainment 78 46
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 1 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 583 110
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 766 13,149
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 46 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 46,701 57,047
Intermediate inputs 19,774 25,837
Value added 26,927 31,210
 Compensation of employees 17,830 17,273
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 3,055 2,714
 Gross operating surplus 6,042 11,223

 Industry

 All other
 recreation and Petroleum
 Commodity entertainment refineries

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places 5,215 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 195 ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports 3,360 ...
Gambling 65 ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment 41,123 ...
Gasoline ... 270,321
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 76 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... 229,638
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 2,605 ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 2,051 48,150
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... 581
All other retail trade margins 257 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 54,946 548,690
Intermediate inputs 21,796 484,970
Value added 33,150 63,720
 Compensation of employees 16,350 12,746
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 5,122 2,310
 Gross operating surplus 11,678 48,664

 Industry

 Industries
 producing
 nondurable
 PCE
 commodities, Wholesale
 excluding trade and
 petroleum transportation
 Commodity refineries services

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services 29 8,229
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment 2,297 ...
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... 94,773
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 1,467,828 15,989
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... 492,318
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 168 24
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 826,911 275,388
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins 34,031 663,564
All other retail trade margins 1,717 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 2,332,981 1,550,286
Intermediate inputs 1,459,778 589,010
Value added 873,203 961,276
 Compensation of employees 397,699 530,071
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 33,685 183,406
 Gross operating surplus 441,819 247,799

 Industry

 Retail trade
 services,
 Gasoline excluding
 service service
 Commodity stations stations

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places 8,201 12,822
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... 1,089
Other vehicle rental 11 76
Automotive repair services 6,565 73,009
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and
 performing arts ... ...
Spectator sports ... ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation
 and entertainment ... 637
Gasoline ... ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 46,018 2,440
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline ... 17,506
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 24,087 646,160
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 4,125 27,953
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins 1,728 500,654
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 90,735 1,282,346
Intermediate inputs 18,469 462,090
Value added 72,265 820,257
 Compensation of employees 22,195 473,824
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 15,993 179,741
 Gross operating surplus 34,077 166,692

 Industry

 Domestic
 production at
 All other producers'
 Commodity industries prices

Traveler accommodations 1,336 134,270
Food services and drinking places 33,007 614,235
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services ... 44,696
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... 1,453
Passenger water transportation
 services ... 10,006
Interurban bus transportation 3 1,772
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 58 817
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 295 22,353
Taxi service 1 13,324
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 7 2,693
Automotive rental 91 28,227
Other vehicle rental ... 784
Automotive repair services 217 199,481
Parking lots and garages 432 11,911
Highway tolls ... 10,095
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... 41,513
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 624 39,662
Spectator sports ... 16,432
Participant sports 61 42,040
Gambling ... 72,254
All other recreation
 and entertainment 11,614 59,470
Gasoline ... 270,321
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... 97,531
Retail trade margins on gasoline 154 48,908
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 52,933 1,786,011
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than gasoline ... 531,097
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 21,125 700,343
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 18,001,797 19,628,035
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins 33,004 762,926
All other retail trade margins 21,036 527,657
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Industry output 18,177,792 25,785,367
Intermediate inputs 8,151,408 11,977,828
Value added 10,026,384 13,807,539
 Compensation of employees 5,880,293 7,819,371
 Taxes on production and
 imports, less subsidies 429,988 963,153
 Gross operating surplus 3,716,103 5,025,015

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 2. Supply and Consumption of Commodities, 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Supply

 Domestic
 production
 at
 producers'
 Commodity prices Imports

Traveler accommodations 134,270 ...
Food services and drinking places 614,235 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 65,052 ...
International passenger air
 transportation services 44,696 ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453 ...
Passenger water transportation
 services 10,006 673
Interurban bus transportation 1,772 ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 817 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 22,353 ...
Taxi service 13,324 ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,693 ...
Automotive rental 28,227 ...
Other vehicle rental 784 ...
Automotive repair services 199,481 ...
Parking lots and garages 11,911 ...
Highway tolls 10,095 ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 41,513 ...
Motion pictures and performing
 arts 39,662 186
Spectator sports 16,432 ...
Participant sports 42,040 ...
Gambling 72,254 ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment 59,470 4
Gasoline 270,321 11,891
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline 97,531 ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline 48,908 ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 1,786,011 518,375
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline 531,097 ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline 700,343 ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 19,628,035 1,579,406
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins 762,926 ...
All other retail trade margins 527,657 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 76,010
Total 25,785,367 2,212,037

 Supply

 Wholesale
 trade
 Change in margins and
 private transportation
 Commodity inventories costs

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services 25,468 ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... ...
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... ...
Motion pictures and performing
 arts ... ...
Spectator sports 22 ...
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment 5 ...
Gasoline 1,793 97,531
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 26,281 531,097
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins -31,721 762,926
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Total -3,642 1,391,553

 Supply

 Total
 Retail supply at
 trade purchasers'
 Commodity margins prices

Traveler accommodations ... 134,270
Food services and drinking places ... 614,235
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services ... 70,164
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... 1,453
Passenger water transportation
 services ... 10,678
Interurban bus transportation ... 1,772
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... 817
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... 22,353
Taxi service ... 13,324
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... 2,693
Automotive rental ... 28,227
Other vehicle rental ... 784
Automotive repair services ... 199,481
Parking lots and garages ... 11,911
Highway tolls ... 10,095
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... 41,513
Motion pictures and performing
 arts ... 39,850
Spectator sports ... 16,454
Participant sports ... 42,040
Gambling ... 72,254
All other recreation and
 entertainment ... 59,470
Gasoline 48,908 426,858
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 700,343 3,509,545
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 527,657 22,529,744
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 76,010
Total 1,276,908 28,001,046

 Consumption

 Intermediate

 Private Government
 Commodity expenditures expenditures

Traveler accommodations 41,118 8,429
Food services and drinking places 101,620 14,718
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 27,039 4,032
International passenger air
 transportation services 7,658 1,593
Passenger rail transportation
 services 650 163
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation 170 3
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 0 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 6,965 351
Taxi service 8,106 709
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 82 2
Automotive rental 15,765 3,547
Other vehicle rental 478 1
Automotive repair services 38,772 4,216
Parking lots and garages 3,002 1,021
Highway tolls 2,087 657
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 12,482 1,815
Motion pictures and performing
 arts 10,851 35
Spectator sports 9,615 20
Participant sports 7,122 97
Gambling 125 ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment 6,281 4,100
Gasoline 79,518 13,743
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 976,378 185,617
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 9,432,845 924,786
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 21,075 ...
Total 10,809,803 1,169,656

 Consumption

 Personal Gross
 consumption private fixed
 Commodity expenditures investment

Traveler accommodations 84,723 ...
Food services and drinking places 497,055 ...
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 33,981 ...
International passenger air
 transportation services 38,379 ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services 639 ...
Passenger water transportation
 services 10,276 ...
Interurban bus transportation 1,599 ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 817 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 15,037 ...
Taxi service 4,509 ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,608 ...
Automotive rental 8,915 ...
Other vehicle rental 305 ...
Automotive repair services 156,483 ...
Parking lots and garages 7,888 ...
Highway tolls 7,351 ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 24,884 ...
Motion pictures and performing
 arts 28,669 ...
Spectator sports 6,785 ...
Participant sports 35 ...
Gambling 72,129 ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment 49,082 ...
Gasoline 332,319 ...
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 2,076,739 35,118
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 6,159,239 2,098,875
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 54,935 ...
Total 9,710,168 2,133,993

 Consumption

 Government Exports of
 final goods and
 Commodity expenditures services

Traveler accommodations ... ...
Food services and drinking places ... 843
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services ... ...
International passenger air
 transportation services ... 22,534
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... ...
Passenger water transportation
 services ... 402
Interurban bus transportation ... ...
Interurban charter bus
 transportation ... ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services ... ...
Taxi service ... ...
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services ... ...
Automotive rental ... ...
Other vehicle rental ... ...
Automotive repair services ... 10
Parking lots and garages ... ...
Highway tolls ... ...
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services ... 2,332
Motion pictures and performing
 arts ... 296
Spectator sports ... 34
Participant sports ... ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment ... 7
Gasoline ... 1,278
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ... ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,484 232,209
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ... ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 2,671,346 1,242,653
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ... ...
All other retail trade margins ... ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... ...
Total 2,674,830 1,502,597

 Consumption

 Total
 Commodity consumption

Traveler accommodations 134,270
Food services and drinking places 614,235
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services 70,164
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453
Passenger water transportation
 services 10,678
Interurban bus transportation 1,772
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 817
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 22,353
Taxi service 13,324
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,693
Automotive rental 28,227
Other vehicle rental 784
Automotive repair services 199,481
Parking lots and garages 11,911
Highway tolls 10,095
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 41,513
Motion pictures and performing
 arts 39,850
Spectator sports 16,454
Participant sports 42,040
Gambling 72,254
All other recreation and
 entertainment 59,470
Gasoline 426,858
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on gasoline ...
Retail trade margins on gasoline ...
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,509,545
Wholesale trade and transportation
 margins on nondurable PCE
 commodities other than
 gasoline ...
Retail trade margins on nondurable
 PCE commodities other than
 gasoline ...
All other commodities, except all
 other trade and transportation
 margins 22,529,744
All other wholesale trade and
 transportation margins ...
All other retail trade margins ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 76,010
Total 28,001,046

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor, 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Total Resident
 Commodity consumption households

Traveler accommodations 134,270 59,654
Food services and drinking places 614,235 58,390
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 65,052 27,706
International passenger air
 transportation services 70,164 38,379
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453 521
Passenger water transportation
 services 10,678 9,481
Interurban bus transportation 1,772 1,304
Interurban charter bus transportation 817 666
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 22,353 2,624
Taxi service 13,324 1,494
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 2,693 2,127
Automotive rental 28,227 5,808
Other vehicle rental 784 126
Automotive repair services 199,481 7,233
Parking lots and garages 11,911 1,213
Highway tolls 10,095 448
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 41,513 23,563
Motion pictures and performing arts 39,850 6,994
Spectator sports 16,454 1,396
Participant sports 42,040 8,525
Gambling 72,254 28,751
All other recreation and
 entertainment 59,470 13,592
Gasoline 426,858 50,065
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,509,545 79,943
All other commodities 22,529,744 ...
Total demand less travel by
 U.S. residents abroad 27,925,036 430,003
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 76,010 54,935
Total demand 28,001,046 484,938

 Commodity Business Government

Traveler accommodations 41,118 8,429
Food services and drinking places 36,928 7,815
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 27,039 4,032
International passenger air
 transportation services 7,658 1,593
Passenger rail transportation
 services 650 163
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation 170 3
Interurban charter bus transportation 0 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 1,240 62
Taxi service 2,794 244
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 82 2
Automotive rental 15,561 3,501
Other vehicle rental 478 1
Automotive repair services 2,894 185
Parking lots and garages 470 160
Highway tolls 129 41
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 11,819 1,719
Motion pictures and performing arts 4,863 ...
Spectator sports 4,302 ...
Participant sports 3,203 ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and
 entertainment 2,817 ...
Gasoline 20,033 1,282
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 24,118 2,938
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by
 U.S. residents abroad 208,365 32,172
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 21,075 ...
Total demand 229,440 32,172

 Total
 Non- tourism
 Commodity residents demand

Traveler accommodations 25,069 134,270
Food services and drinking places 20,542 123,675
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 6,274 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services 22,534 ...
Passenger rail transportation
 services 118 1,453
Passenger water transportation
 services 402 9,883
Interurban bus transportation 295 1,772
Interurban charter bus transportation 151 817
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 289 4,215
Taxi service 171 4,703
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 482 2,693
Automotive rental 538 25,408
Other vehicle rental 147 752
Automotive repair services 1,347 11,660
Parking lots and garages 134 1,976
Highway tolls 94 711
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 2,332 39,432
Motion pictures and performing arts 1,065 12,923
Spectator sports 354 6,051
Participant sports 729 12,457
Gambling 7,212 35,963
All other recreation and
 entertainment 1,340 17,749
Gasoline 2,861 74,240
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 23,358 130,357
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by
 U.S. residents abroad 117,836 788,376
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 76,010
Total demand 117,836 864,387

 Tourism
 Nontourism commodity
 Commodity demand ratio

Traveler accommodations ... 1.00
Food services and drinking places 490,561 0.20
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services ... 1.00
International passenger air
 transportation services 70,164 1.00
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... 1.00
Passenger water transportation
 services 795 0.93
Interurban bus transportation 0 1.00
Interurban charter bus transportation ... 1.00
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 18,138 0.19
Taxi service 8,621 0.35
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services ... 1.00
Automotive rental 2,819 0.90
Other vehicle rental 32 0.96
Automotive repair services 187,821 0.06
Parking lots and garages 9,935 0.17
Highway tolls 9,383 0.07
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 2,081 0.95
Motion pictures and performing arts 26,927 0.32
Spectator sports 10,403 0.37
Participant sports 29,583 0.30
Gambling 36,292 0.50
All other recreation and
 entertainment 41,721 0.30
Gasoline 352,618 0.17
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,379,188 0.04
All other commodities 22,529,744 ...
Total demand less travel by
 U.S. residents abroad 27,136,660 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 1.00
Total demand 27,136,660 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 3a. Demand for Commodities by Type of Visitor
(Unadjusted for Travel Arrangement Commissions), 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Total Resident
 Commodity consumption households

Traveler accommodations 140,320 62,342
Food services and drinking places 614,235 58,390
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 70,210 29,903
International passenger air
 transportation services 76,506 41,849
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,824 654
Passenger water transportation
 services 12,067 10,814
Interurban bus transportation 1,772 1,304
Interurban charter bus transportation 824 672
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 22,445 2,681
Taxi service 13,395 1,517
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 2,709 2,140
Automotive rental 32,008 6,672
Other vehicle rental 784 126
Automotive repair services 199,481 7,233
Parking lots and garages 11,911 1,213
Highway tolls 10,095 448
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 18,592 9,912
Motion pictures and performing arts 39,916 7,030
Spectator sports 16,505 1,407
Participant sports 42,040 8,525
Gambling 73,932 30,092
All other recreation and entertainment 59,537 13,643
Gasoline 426,858 50,065
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,509,545 79,943
All other commodities 22,529,744 ...
Total demand less travel by U.S.
 residents abroad 27,927,254 428,574
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 77,987 56,364
Total demand 28,005,240 484,938

 Commodity Business Government

Traveler accommodations 42,971 8,809
Food services and drinking places 36,928 7,815
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 29,183 4,352
International passenger air
 transportation services 8,350 1,737
Passenger rail transportation
 services 817 205
Passenger water transportation
 services ... ...
Interurban bus transportation 170 3
Interurban charter bus transportation 0 ...
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 1,267 64
Taxi service 2,836 248
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 83 2
Automotive rental 17,876 4,022
Other vehicle rental 478 1
Automotive repair services 2,894 185
Parking lots and garages 470 160
Highway tolls 129 41
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 3,960 308
Motion pictures and performing arts 4,888 ...
Spectator sports 4,338 ...
Participant sports 3,203 ...
Gambling ... ...
All other recreation and entertainment 2,828 ...
Gasoline 20,033 1,282
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 24,118 2,938
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by U.S.
 residents abroad 207,817 32,172
Travel by U.S. residents abroad 21,623 ...
Total demand 229,440 32,172

 Total tourism
 Commodity Nonresidents demand

Traveler accommodations 26,198 140,320
Food services and drinking places 20,542 123,675
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services 6,772 70,210
International passenger air
 transportation services 24,571 76,506
Passenger rail transportation
 services 148 1,824
Passenger water transportation
 services 459 11,273
Interurban bus transportation 295 1,772
Interurban charter bus transportation 152 824
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 295 4,307
Taxi service 173 4,774
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services 485 2,709
Automotive rental 618 29,188
Other vehicle rental 147 752
Automotive repair services 1,347 11,660
Parking lots and garages 134 1,976
Highway tolls 94 711
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 2,332 16,512
Motion pictures and performing arts 1,071 12,989
Spectator sports 357 6,102
Participant sports 729 12,457
Gambling 7,548 37,640
All other recreation and entertainment 1,345 17,816
Gasoline 2,861 74,240
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 23,358 130,357
All other commodities ... ...
Total demand less travel by U.S.
 residents abroad 122,030 790,594
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 77,987
Total demand 122,030 868,581

 Tourism
 Nontourism commodity
 Commodity demand ratio

Traveler accommodations ... 1.00
Food services and drinking places 490,561 0.20
Domestic passenger air transportation
 services ... 1.00
International passenger air
 transportation services ... 1.00
Passenger rail transportation
 services ... 1.00
Passenger water transportation
 services 795 0.93
Interurban bus transportation 0 1.00
Interurban charter bus transportation ... 1.00
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 18,138 0.19
Taxi service 8,621 0.36
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
 services ... 1.00
Automotive rental 2,819 0.91
Other vehicle rental 32 0.96
Automotive repair services 187,821 0.06
Parking lots and garages 9,935 0.17
Highway tolls 9,383 0.07
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 2,081 0.89
Motion pictures and performing arts 26,927 0.33
Spectator sports 10,403 0.37
Participant sports 29,583 0.30
Gambling 36,292 0.51
All other 41,721 0.30
Gasolinerecreation andentertainment 352,618 0.17
Nondurable PCE commodities other
 than gasoline 3,379,188 0.04
All other commodities 22,529,744 ...
Total demand less travel by U.S.
 residents abroad 27,136,660 ...
Travel by U.S. residents abroad ... 1.00
Total demand 27,136,660 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 4. Output and Value Added by Industry, 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Industry Intermediate
 Industry output consumption

Traveler accommodations 191,082 710,481
Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
 permanent site real estate 292,100 75,660
Food services and drinking places 515,131 256,537
Air transportation services 154,634 89,074
Rail transportation services 73,543 29,985
Water transportation services 41,766 24,911
Interurban bus transportation 1,856 778
Interurban charter bus transportation 844 120
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 25,777 14,228
Taxi service 13,418 4,239
Scenic and sightseeing transportation 2,734 505
Automotive equipment rental and
 leasing 47,325 33,498
Automotive repair services 127,143 67,836
Parking 11,483 6,060
Toll highways 10,359 3,085
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 41,709 20,638
Motion pictures and performing arts 48,474 32,274
Spectator sports 44,465 14,220
Participant sports 46,701 19,774
Gambling 57,047 25,837
All other recreation and
 entertainment 54,946 21,796
Petroleum refineries 548,690 484,970
Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum
 refineries 2,332,981 1,459,778
Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 1,550,286 589,010
Gasoline service stations 90,735 18,469
Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 1,282,346 462,090
All other industries 18,177,792 8,151,408
Total 25,785,367 11,977,828

 Tourism
 Value industry Tourism
 Industry added ratio output

Traveler accommodations 120,034 0.73 139,808
Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
 permanent site real estate 216,440 0.05 14,968
Food services and drinking places 258,594 0.20 103,653
Air transportation services 65,561 0.71 110,045
Rail transportation services 43,558 0.04 2,906
Water transportation services 16,855 0.23 9,538
Interurban bus transportation 1,079 0.95 1,770
Interurban charter bus transportation 724 0.83 697
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 11,549 0.16 4,224
Taxi service 9,179 0.35 4,708
Scenic and sightseeing transportation 2,229 0.97 2,663
Automotive equipment rental and
 leasing 13,827 0.53 25,021
Automotive repair services 59,307 0.05 6,518
Parking 5,423 0.17 1,904
Toll highways 7,274 0.07 711
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 21,071 0.95 39,436
Motion pictures and performing arts 16,200 0.15 7,496
Spectator sports 30,245 0.27 12,054
Participant sports 26,927 0.28 13,112
Gambling 31,210 0.37 20,977
All other recreation and
 entertainment 33,150 0.26 14,525
Petroleum refineries 63,720 0.10 55,544
Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum
 refineries 873,203 0.02 55,214
Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 961,276 0.02 35,845
Gasoline service stations 72,265 0.12 10,944
Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 820,257 0.03 33,168
All other industries 10,026,384 0.00 14,735
Total 13,807,539 ... 742,183

 Tourism
 intermediate Tourism
 Industry consumption value added

Traveler accommodations 51,983 87,825
Nonfarm residential tenant occupied
 permanent site real estate 3,877 11,091
Food services and drinking places 51,619 52,033
Air transportation services 63,389 46,656
Rail transportation services 1,185 1,721
Water transportation services 5,689 3,849
Interurban bus transportation 741 1,028
Interurban charter bus transportation 99 598
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 2,331 1,892
Taxi service 1,487 3,220
Scenic and sightseeing transportation 492 2,171
Automotive equipment rental and
 leasing 17,711 7,310
Automotive repair services 3,478 3,040
Parking 1,005 899
Toll highways 212 500
Travel arrangement and reservation
 services 19,513 19,922
Motion pictures and performing arts 4,991 2,505
Spectator sports 3,855 8,199
Participant sports 5,552 7,560
Gambling 9,501 11,476
All other recreation and
 entertainment 5,762 8,763
Petroleum refineries 49,094 6,450
Industries producing nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding petroleum
 refineries 34,548 20,666
Wholesale trade and transportation
 services 136,191 22,226
Gasoline service stations 2,228 8,716
Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 11,952 21,216
All other industries 6,608 8,128
Total 372,519 369,663

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 5. Output by Commodity, 2007

[Millions of dollars]

 Domestic
 production
 at Tourism Direct
 purchasers' ratio tourism
 Commodity prices commodity output

Traveler accommodations 134,270 1.00 134,270
Food services and drinking
 places 614,235 0.20 123,675
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 65,052 1.00 65,052
International passenger air
 transportation services 44,696 1.00 44,696
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453 1.00 1,453
Passenger water transportation
 services 10,006 0.93 9,261
Interurban bus transportation 1,772 1.00 1,772
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 817 1.00 817
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 22,353 0.19 4,215
Taxi service 13,324 0.35 4,703
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,693 1.00 2,693
Automotive rental 28,227 0.90 25,408
Other vehicle rental 784 0.96 752
Automotive repair services 199,481 0.06 11,660
Parking lots and garages 11,911 0.17 1,976
Highway tolls 10,095 0.07 711
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 41,513 0.95 39,432
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 39,662 0.32 12,862
Spectator sports 16,432 0.37 6,043
Participant sports 42,040 0.30 12,457
Gambling 72,254 0.50 35,963
All other recreation
 and entertainment 59,470 0.30 17,749
Gasoline 416,760 0.17 72,484
Nondurable PCE commodities
 other than gasoline 3,017,451 0.04 112,079
Total 4,866,750 0.15 742,183

 Total Total
 commodity tourism-
 output related
 Commodity multiplier output

Traveler accommodations 1.54 206,876
Food services and drinking
 places 1.88 232,497
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 1.70 110,344
International passenger air
 transportation services 1.70 75,814
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1.62 2,359
Passenger water transportation
 services 1.98 18,315
Interurban bus transportation 1.71 3,034
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 1.71 1,398
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation services 1.71 7,215
Taxi service 1.71 8,051
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 1.46 3,938
Automotive rental 1.64 41,688
Other vehicle rental 1.64 1,234
Automotive repair services 1.71 19,935
Parking lots and garages 1.71 3,378
Highway tolls 1.94 1,380
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 1.62 63,875
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 1.77 22,750
Spectator sports 1.64 9,889
Participant sports 1.62 20,154
Gambling 1.62 58,183
All other recreation
 and entertainment 1.64 29,196
Gasoline 1.84 133,122
Nondurable PCE commodities
 other than gasoline 2.08 232,616
Total 1.76 1,307,237

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 6. Employment and Compensation of Employees by Industry, 2007

 Total
 employment Compensation Tourism
 (thousands (millions of industry
 Industry of employees) dollars) ratio

Traveler accommodations 1,867 61,724 0.73
Nonfarm residential tenant
 occupied permanent site 214 10,962 0.05
Food services and drinking
 places 9,655 174,791 0.20
Air transportation services 635 45,886 0.71
Rail transportation
 services 253 20,879 0.04
Water transportation
 services 176 10,750 0.23
Interurban bus
 transportation 23 736 0.95
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 25 613 0.83
Urban transit systems and
 other transportation 419 22,676 0.16
Taxi service 156 6,147 0.35
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 19 977 0.97
Automotive equipment
 rental and leasing 180 8,207 0.53
Automotive repair services 876 32,378 0.05
Parking lots and garages 90 2,235 0.17
Toll highways 72 2,415 0.07
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 209 16,410 0.95
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 191 15,149 0.15
Spectator sports 239 18,155 0.27
Participant sports 859 17,830 0.28
Gambling 514 17,273 0.37
All other recreation
 and entertainment 477 16,350 0.26
Petroleum refineries 75 12,746 0.10
Industries producing
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries 6,468 397,699 0.02
Wholesale trade and
 transportation services 7,765 530,071 0.02
Gasoline service stations 648 22,195 0.12
Retail trade services,
 excluding gasoline
 service stations 15,279 473,824 0.03
All other industries 103,424 5,880,293 0.00
Total 150,810 7,819,371 ...

 Tourism Tourism Average
 employment compensation compensation
 (thousands (millions per tourism
 Industry of employees) of dollars) employee

Traveler accommodations 1,366 45,161 33,057
Nonfarm residential tenant
 occupied permanent site 11 562 51,218
Food services and drinking
 places 1,943 35,171 18,103
Air transportation services 452 32,655 72,261
Rail transportation
 services 10 825 82,443
Water transportation
 services 40 2,455 60,961
Interurban bus
 transportation 22 701 31,988
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 20 506 24,981
Urban transit systems and
 other transportation 69 3,716 54,163
Taxi service 55 2,157 39,414
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 19 952 50,940
Automotive equipment
 rental and leasing 95 4,339 45,695
Automotive repair services 45 1,660 36,971
Parking lots and garages 15 371 24,835
Toll highways 5 166 33,506
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 198 15,516 78,403
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 30 2,343 79,274
Spectator sports 65 4,922 75,813
Participant sports 241 5,006 20,746
Gambling 189 6,351 33,599
All other recreation
 and entertainment 126 4,322 34,259
Petroleum refineries 8 1,290 169,574
Industries producing
 nondurable PCE
 commodities, excluding
 petroleum refineries 153 9,412 61,482
Wholesale trade and
 transportation services 180 12,256 68,267
Gasoline service stations 78 2,677 34,232
Retail trade services,
 excluding gasoline
 service stations 395 12,256 31,012
All other industries 84 4,767 56,856
Total 5,912 212,512 ...

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 7. Employment by Industry, 2007
[Thousands of employees]

 Total Total
 Direct industry tourism-
 tourism employment related
Industry employment multiplier employment

Traveler accommodations 1,366 1.23 1,681
Nonfarm residential tenant
 occupied permanent site 11 2.97 33
Food services and drinking places 1,943 1.34 2,598
Air transportation services 452 1.77 801
Rail transportation services 10 1.93 19
Water transportation services 40 3.64 146
Interurban bus transportation 22 1.44 32
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 20 1.44 29
Urban transit systems and other
 transportation 69 1.44 99
Taxi service 55 1.44 79
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 19 1.44 27
Automotive equipment rental
 and leasing 95 2.35 223
Automotive repair services 45 1.54 69
Parking lots and garages 15 2.09 31
Toll highways 5 1.79 9
Travel arrangement and
 reservation services 198 1.54 304
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 30 2.16 64
Spectator sports 65 1.70 110
Participant sports 241 1.29 311
Gambling 189 1.44 273
All other recreation
 and entertainment 126 1.54 195
Petroleum refineries 8 3.31 25
Industries producing nondurable
 PCE commodities, excluding
petroleum refineries 153 2.88 441
Wholesale trade and
 transportation services 180 1.57 283
Gasoline service stations 78 1.20 94
Retail trade services, excluding
 gasoline service stations 395 1.20 474
All other industries 84 1.94 163
Total 5,912 ... 8,612

PCE Personal consumption expenditures

Table 8. Real Tourism Output, 2007

 Real output
 Direct (Millions
 output of chained
 (Millions Chain-type (2000)
 Commodity of dollars) price index dollars)

Traveler accommodations 134,270 125.0 107,426
Food services and drinking
 places 123,675 123.0 100,587
Domestic passenger air
 transportation services 65,052 95.1 68,427
International passenger air
 transportation services 44,696 140.2 31,878
Passenger rail transportation
 services 1,453 111.0 1,309
Passenger water transportation
 services 9,261 81.3 11,384
Interurban bus transportation 1,772 128.5 1,379
Interurban charter bus
 transportation 817 124.7 655
Urban transit systems and
 other transportation services 4,215 126.1 3,342
Taxi service 4,703 132.0 3,562
Scenic and sightseeing
 transportation services 2,693 124.8 2,158
Automotive rental 25,408 117.7 21,592
Other vehicle rental 752 130.5 576
Automotive repair services 11,660 125.1 9,320
Parking lots and garages 1,976 132.3 1,494
Highway tolls 711 143.2 497
Travel arrangement
 and reservation services 39,432 106.1 37,150
Motion pictures and
 performing arts 12,862 130.5 9,858
Spectator sports 6,043 136.4 4,431
Participant sports 12,457 117.0 10,643
Gambling 35,963 120.0 29,965
All other recreation
 and entertainment 17,749 121.6 14,599
Gasoline 72,484 184.7 39,253
Nondurable PCE commodities
 other than gasoline 112,079 110.7 101,257
Total 742,183 120.8 614,340

PCE Personal consumption expenditures