Comprehensive Revision of State Personal Income.
Brown, Robert L. ; Albetski, Kathy A. ; Newman, Jeffrey L. 等
Revised Estimates for 1969-98
Preliminary Estimates for 1999
ON MAY 17, 2000, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) released the
results of a comprehensive revision, or benchmark, of State personal
income. In general, the quarterly and annual estimates for 1969-98 were
revised up, primarily reflecting the incorporation of several major
definitional and statistical improvements that were introduced in the
recent comprehensive revision of the national income and product
accounts (NIPA's).(1)
A comprehensive revision of the State estimates of personal income
is made every 4 or 5 years to incorporate the results of a comprehensive
NIPA revision, newly available benchmark source data, and improved
methods for preparing the State estimates. In addition, newly available
State data from regular sources are incorporated; these data consist of
quarterly data, annual data, and data that are available less
frequently--for example, data from the most recent quinquennial census of agriculture.(2)
The incorporation of the comprehensive revision of the NIPA's
into the annual and quarterly State estimates for 1969-99 is the first
stage in the comprehensive revisions of State and of local area personal
income. For additional information, see the box "Release Schedule
for the Revised State and Local Area Estimates."
This article presents preliminary estimates of State personal
income and per capita personal income for 1999 and preliminary estimates
of State personal income for the fourth quarter of 1999. For the
comprehensive revision of the estimates of State personal income, it
describes the sources of the revisions and the effects of the revisions
on the estimates. For the availability of revised estimates that are
more detailed than those presented in tables 1-7 at the end of this
article, see the box "Data Availability" on page 74.
[TABULAR DATA 1-7 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]
The major highlights are the following:
* In 1999, per capita personal income for the Nation was $28,518,
up 4.8 percent from $27,203 in 1998. The States with the fastest growth
were Wyoming, Massachusetts, Maine, and Idaho; the States with the
slowest growth were Alaska, Louisiana, North Dakota, and West Virginia.
* For 1969-98, the comprehensive revision had little effect on the
growth rates of State personal income. In addition, the rankings of the
four fastest growing States--Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah--and of
the four slowest growing States--The District of Columbia, Hawaii,
Alaska, and West Virginia--over the current expansion remain
unchanged.(3)
* For the Nation, personal income was revised up for all years; for
1998, it was revised up $193.4 billion, or 2.7 percent, to $7,351.5
billion. The upward revisions were mainly accounted for by the
incorporation of the NIPA definitional change that treats government
employee retirement plans symmetrically with private pension plans.
* By region, the Great Lakes and Southeast regions accounted for
nearly half of the upward revision to U.S. personal income for 1998. The
revisions for all 5 of the Great Lakes States and for 10 of the 12
Southeast States exceeded the U.S. revision of 2.7 percent.
* By State, for 1998, the largest upward revision to personal
income was 8.2 percent for Alaska, and the largest downward revision was
2.8 percent for the District of Columbia.
* For 1998, 9 of the 10 States that had the highest per capita
personal incomes in the previously published estimates are ranked in the
top 10 in the revised estimates, and 8 of the 10 States that had the
lowest per capita personal incomes are ranked in the bottom 10.
Connecticut, at $37,338, still has the highest per capita personal
income of any State, and Mississippi, at $19,776, still has the lowest
per capita personal income.
Personal Income and Per Capita Personal Income for 1999
In 1999, per capita personal income for the Nation increased 4.8
percent to $28,518 from $27,203 in 1998 (table A).(4) The preliminary
estimate of U.S. personal income increased $424.9 billion, or 5.8
percent.(5) U.S. population increased 2.4 million, or 0.9 percent.
Table A.--Per Capita Personal Income, Personal Income, and
Population for 1997-99
Per capita personal income
Dollars Rank in
United States
1998(r) 1999(p) 1998 1999
United States 27,203 28,518 ... ...
Connecticut 37,338 39,167 1 1
District of Columbia 36,415 38,228 (1) (1)
New Jersey 34,383 36,106 2 2
Massachusetts 33,496 35,733 3 3
New York 32,108 33,946 4 4
Maryland 30,557 32,166 5 5
Colorado 29,994 31,678 6 6
Illinois 29,853 31,278 7 7
New Hampshire 29,480 30,905 8 8
Delaware 29,383 30,685 9 9
Minnesota 29,263 30,622 10 10
Nevada 29,200 30,351 11 11
Washington 28,719 30,295 12 12
California 28,163 29,819 14 13
Rhode Island 28,262 29,720 13 14
Virginia 28,063 29,484 15 15
Pennsylvania 27,469 28,676 17 16
Alaska 27,835 28,523 16 17
Florida 26,845 28,023 19 18
Michigan 26,885 27,844 18 19
Hawaii 26,759 27,842 20 20
Nebraska 25,924 27,437 23 21
Wisconsin 26,284 27,412 21 22
Georgia 25,839 27,198 25 23
Oregon 25,912 27,135 24 24
Ohio 26,073 27,081 22 25
Kansas 25,537 26,633 26 26
Texas 25,369 26,525 27 27
North Carolina 25,181 26,220 28 28
Missouri 25,150 26,187 30 29
Indiana 25,163 26,092 29 30
Wyoming 24,312 26,003 34 31
Vermont 24,602 25,892 32 32
Iowa 24,745 25,727 31 33
Tennessee 24,437 25,581 33 34
Arizona 24,206 25,307 35 35
South Dakota 23,715 25,107 36 36
Maine 23,499 24,960 37 37
North Dakota 22,892 23,518 38 38
South Carolina 22,372 23,496 39 39
Idaho 22,079 23,445 43 40
Utah 22,240 23,356 40 41
Kentucky 22,183 23,161 42 42
Alabama 22,054 22,946 44 43
Oklahoma 21,964 22,801 45 44
Louisiana 22,206 22,792 41 45
Montana 21,229 22,314 46 46
Arkansas 21,167 22,114 47 47
New Mexico 21,164 22,063 48 48
West Virginia 20,185 20,888 49 49
Mississippi 19,776 20,506 50 50
BEA regions
New England 32,373 34,264 1 1
Mideast 31,100 32,717 2 2
Far West 28,068 29,637 3 3
Great Lakes 27,187 28,303 4 4
Plains 26,118 27,285 5 5
Rocky Mountain 25,783 27,244 6 6
Southeast 24,605 25,708 7 7
Southwest 24,551 25,653 8 8
Per capita personal income
Percent Change
1997-98 1998-99
United States 4.9 4.8
Connecticut 4.8 4.9
District of Columbia 3.4 5.0
New Jersey 5.5 5.0
Massachusetts 6.0 6.7
New York 5.1 5.7
Maryland 5.0 5.3
Colorado 6.9 4.6
Illinois 4.9 4.8
New Hampshire 6.2 4.8
Delaware 6.4 4.4
Minnesota 6.3 4.6
Nevada 3.5 3.9
Washington 6.3 5.5
California 5.2 5.9
Rhode Island 5.2 5.2
Virginia 4.7 5.1
Pennsylvania 4.8 4.4
Alaska 3.1 2.5
Florida 4.7 4.4
Michigan 4.3 3.6
Hawaii 1.7 4.0
Nebraska 4.7 5.8
Wisconsin 5.4 4.3
Georgia 5.1 5.3
Oregon 3.7 4.7
Ohio 4.3 3.9
Kansas 4.6 4.3
Texas 5.7 4.6
North Carolina 4.0 4.1
Missouri 3.2 4.1
Indiana 5.2 3.7
Wyoming 3.0 7.0
Vermont 5.2 5.2
Iowa 3.6 4.0
Tennessee 4.2 4.7
Arizona 6.0 4.5
South Dakota 5.8 5.9
Maine 4.9 6.2
North Dakota 9.7 2.7
South Carolina 4.5 5.0
Idaho 5.1 6.2
Utah 4.9 5.0
Kentucky 4.2 4.4
Alabama 3.7 4.0
Oklahoma 4.2 3.8
Louisiana 4.5 2.6
Montana 5.5 5.1
Arkansas 4.1 4.5
New Mexico 4.3 4.2
West Virginia 4.0 3.5
Mississippi 4.8 3.7
BEA regions
New England 5.5 5.8
Mideast 5.1 5.2
Far West 5.0 5.6
Great Lakes 4.7 4.1
Plains 4.7 4.5
Rocky Mountain 6.0 5.7
Southeast 4.5 4.5
Southwest 5.5 4.5
Personal income Population
Percent Change Percent Change
1997-98 1998-99 1997-98 1998-99
United States 5.9 5.8 0.9 0.9
Connecticut 4.9 5.2 .1 .3
District of Columbia 1.9 4.5 -1.5 -.4
New Jersey 6.1 5.6 .5 .6
Massachusetts 6.5 7.2 .5 .5
New York 5.2 5.9 .1 .2
Maryland 5.7 6.1 .7 .8
Colorado 9.0 7.9 2.0 2.2
Illinois 5.4 5.3 .5 .5
New Hampshire 7.4 6.2 1.1 1.3
Delaware 7.7 5.8 1.2 1.3
Minnesota 7.1 5.7 .8 1.1
Nevada 7.7 7.8 4.1 3.7
Washington 7.9 6.8 1.5 1.2
California 6.7 7.4 1.4 1.4
Rhode Island 5.3 5.5 .1 .3
Virginia 5.5 6.4 .8 1.2
Pennsylvania 4.7 4.3 -.1 -.1
Alaska 4.2 3.2 1.0 .8
Florida 6.3 5.8 1.5 1.4
Michigan 4.7 4.0 .4 .4
Hawaii 1.8 3.6 .1 -.4
Nebraska 5.0 6.2 .3 .3
Wisconsin 5.8 4.9 .4 .5
Georgia 7.2 7.4 2.0 2.0
Oregon 4.9 5.8 1.2 1.0
Ohio 4.5 4.0 .2 .2
Kansas 5.5 4.9 .9 .6
Texas 7.7 6.3 1.8 1.7
North Carolina 5.7 5.6 1.6 1.4
Missouri 3.8 4.7 .6 .6
Indiana 5.9 4.3 .6 .6
Wyoming 3.0 6.9 0 0
Vermont 5.6 5.8 .3 .5
Iowa 3.9 4.3 .2 .3
Tennessee 5.3 5.7 1.0 .9
Arizona 8.7 7.0 2.5 2.4
South Dakota 5.8 6.2 0 .3
Maine 5.1 6.7 .2 .4
North Dakota 9.1 2.1 -.5 -.6
South Carolina 5.8 6.3 1.3 1.2
Idaho 6.8 8.0 1.7 1.7
Utah 6.7 6.5 1.7 1.4
Kentucky 4.9 5.1 .7 .7
Alabama 4.5 4.5 .7 .4
Oklahoma 5.0 4.4 .8 .6
Louisiana 4.7 2.9 .3 .2
Montana 5.6 5.5 .1 .3
Arkansas 4.6 5.0 .6 .5
New Mexico 5.0 4.6 .6 .3
West Virginia 3.8 3.2 -.2 -.3
Mississippi 5.5 4.3 .7 .7
BEA regions
New England 5.9 6.4 .4 .5
Mideast 5.6 5.5 .2 .3
Far West 6.6 7.1 1.5 1.4
Great Lakes 5.1 4.5 .4 .4
Plains 5.3 5.1 .5 .6
Rocky Mountain 7.6 7.4 1.6 1.6
Southeast 5.7 5.6 1.2 1.1
Southwest 7.4 6.1 1.8 1.6
(r) Revised.
(p) Preliminary.
(1.) Not ranked.
NOTE.--States and regions are listed based on their rank in per
capita income in 1999. Estimates may not add to totals because of
rounding.
Per capita income rankings by State
The rankings of States by per capita income changed little from
1998 to 1999 (table A). In 1999, per capita income ranged from $39,167
in Connecticut to $20,506 in Mississippi. In 8 of the 10 States with the
highest per capita income, the growth rates in per capita income
exceeded or equaled the U.S. average of 4.8 percent, and in 8 of the 10
States with the lowest per capita income, the growth rates were below
the U.S. average.
By region, the rankings in per capita income were unchanged from
1991 to 1999. For all the regions except New England, per capita income
was closer to the U.S. average in 1999 than in 1991. In New England, per
capita income as a percent of the U.S. average was higher in 1999 than
in 1991.
Per capita income growth by region and State
Per capita personal income for the Nation grew 4.8 percent in 1999
after growing 4.9 percent in 1998. U.S. personal income grew 5.8 percent
after growing 5.9 percent, and population grew 0.9 percent, the same as
in 1998.
By region, growth in per capita income slowed down in the
Southwest, Great Lakes, Rocky Mountain, and Plains regions; picked up in
the Far West, New England, and Mideast regions; and was unchanged in the
Southeast region.
In all 50 States and the District of Columbia, the growth rates in
per capita income in both 1998 and 1999 exceeded the increases in prices
(as measured by the price index for personal consumption expenditures).
Fastest growing States.--The four States with the fastest growth in
per capita income in 1999 were Wyoming (7.0 percent), Massachusetts (6.7
percent), Maine (6.2 percent), and Idaho (6.2 percent) (chart 1). In
Wyoming, Maine, and Idaho, per capita income was below the U.S. average
of $28,518.
[Chart 1 OMITTED]
In all four States, the growth rates in personal income exceeded
the U.S. average of 5.8 percent, and in all the States except Idaho, the
growth rates in population were below the U.S. average of 0.9 percent.
In Idaho, both personal income and population grew strongly, continuing
a long-term trend. Except for the growth rate in personal income in
1997, Idaho's personal income and population have been growing at
above the U.S. averages since 1990.
In all four States, the rapid growth in personal income was mainly
attributable to net earnings (table B).(6) By industry, in Wyoming, the
largest contributor to the growth in earnings by place of work was
earnings in farms, reflecting a large increase in cash receipts from
sales of livestock; earnings in services also contributed substantially
(tables C and D). In Massachusetts, Maine, and Idaho, earnings in
services was the largest contributor to the earnings growth. In
addition, substantial contributions were made by earnings in
construction and in finance, insurance, and real estate in
Massachusetts; in finance, insurance, and real estate in Maine; and in
farms and manufacturing in Idaho.
Table B.--Personal Income by Component for 1998-99
Percent change
Dividends,
Personal Net interest, Transfer
income earnings(1) and rent payments
United Sates 5.8 6.7 4.2 3.5
New England 6.4 7.6 4.2 3.2
Connecticut 5.2 6.0 3.4 3.1
Maine 6.7 8.3 4.5 3.2
Massachusetts 7.2 8.7 4.3 3.4
New Hampshire 6.2 6.9 5.4 2.7
Rhode Island 5.5 6.5 4.6 2.7
Vermont 5.8 6.9 4.3 3.0
Mideast 5.5 6.5 3.5 3.5
Delaware 5.8 6.5 4.4 3.9
District of
Columbia 4.5 5.8 0.4 3.0
Maryland 6.1 7.1 3.7 3.5
New Jersey 5.6 6.5 4.2 2.8
New York 5.9 7.1 3.3 4.0
Pennsylvania 4.3 5.0 3.2 2.9
Great Lakes 4.5 5.0 4.4 24.0
Illinois 5.3 5.8 4.8 3.0
Indiana 4.3 4.5 4.5 3.1
Michigan 4.0 4.5 4.3 1.0
Ohio 4.0 4.4 3.9 2.5
Wisconsin 4.9 5.3 4.8 2.6
Plains 5.1 5.5 4.5 3.6
Iowa 4.3 4.2 4.9 3.7
Kansas 4.9 5.6 3.8 2.7
Minnesota 5.7 6.1 5.6 3.6
Missouri 4.7 5.5 2.9 3.5
Nebraska 6.2 6.9 4.7 4.9
North Dakota 2.1 0.6 5.8 2.8
South Dakota 6.2 7.0 5.4 3.7
Southeast 5.6 6.5 4.0 4.0
Alabama 4.5 4.9 3.9 3.5
Arkansas 5.0 5.6 4.6 3.4
Florida 5.8 7.0 4.1 4.1
Georgia 7.4 8.3 4.9 4.5
Kentucky 5.1 5.8 4.3 3.4
Louisiana 2.9 2.5 4.1 3.0
Mississippi 4.3 4.5 4.5 3.7
North Carolina 5.6 6.6 2.5 4.7
South Carolina 6.3 7.1 4.3 5.0
Tennessee 5.7 6.2 4.9 4.0
Virginia 6.4 7.5 3.3 3.8
West Virginia 3.2 3.2 3.9 2.7
Southwest 8.1 6.8 4.7 4.2
Arizona 7.0 8.0 5.9 4.2
New Mexico 4.6 4.4 5.0 4.9
Oklahoma 4.4 4.6 4.2 3.8
Texas 6.3 7.0 4.4 4.3
Rocky Mountain 7.4 8.3 5.7 4.3
Colorado 7.9 9.0 5.8 4.3
Idaho 8.0 9.2 5.8 4.9
Montana 5.5 6.0 5.0 4.3
Utah 6.5 6.9 6.3 4.1
Wyoming 6.9 8.7 3.9 3.7
Far West 7.1 8.4 4.3 3.6
Alaska 3.2 1.8 3.9 8.8
California 7.4 9.0 4.0 3.4
Hawaii 3.6 4.0 2.4 3.2
Nevada 7.8 8.9 6.1 4.8
Oregon 5.8 6.5 5.1 3.9
Washington 6.8 7.6 5.4 3.7
Contribution to percent change in
personal income (percentage
points
Percent
change in Dividends,
personal Net interests, Transfer
income earnings(1) and rent payments
United Sates 5.8 4.5 .8 .5
New England 6.4 5.2 .8 .4
Connecticut 5.2 4.2 .6 .4
Maine 6.7 5.3 .9 .5
Massachusetts 7.2 6.0 .8 .4
New Hampshire 6.2 4.9 1.0 .3
Rhode Island 5.5 4.1 .9 .5
Vermont 5.8 4.5 .9 .4
Mideast 5.5 4.4 .6 .5
Delaware 5.8 4.4 .9 .5
District of
Columbia 4.5 4.0 .1 .4
Maryland 6.1 5.1 .7 .4
New Jersey 5.6 4.5 .8 .3
New York 5.9 4.7 .6 .7
Pennsylvania 4.3 3.3 .6 .5
Great Lakes 4.5 3.4 .8 .3
Illinois 5.3 4.0 1.0 .3
Indiana 4.3 3.1 .8 .4
Michigan 4.0 3.1 .8 .1
Ohio 4.0 2.9 .7 .4
Wisconsin 4.9 3.6 1.0 .3
Plains 5.1 3.7 .9 .5
Iowa 4.3 2.7 1.0 .5
Kansas 4.9 3.8 .7 .3
Minnesota 5.7 4.2 1.2 .4
Missouri 4.7 3.6 .6 .5
Nebraska 6.2 4.6 1.0 .6
North Dakota 2.1 .4 1.2 .4
South Dakota 6.2 4.5 1.2 .5
Southeast 5.6 4.3 .8 .6
Alabama 4.5 3.2 .7 .6
Arkansas 5.0 3.6 .8 .6
Florida 5.8 4.1 1.1 .6
Georgia 7.4 6.0 .8 .5
Kentucky 5.1 3.8 .8 .6
Louisiana 2.9 1.7 .7 .5
Mississippi 4.3 2.9 .7 .7
North Carolina 5.6 4.5 .5 .6
South Carolina 6.3 4.8 .8 .8
Tennessee 5.7 4.3 .8 .6
Virginia 6.4 5.4 .6 .4
West Virginia 3.2 1.9 .7 .6
Southwest 6.1 4.8 .8 .5
Arizona 7.0 5.3 1.2 .6
New Mexico 4.6 2.9 1.0 .8
Oklahoma 4.4 3.1 .7 .6
Texas 6.3 5.1 .7 .5
Rocky Mountain 7.4 5.8 1.1 .5
Colorado 7.9 6.4 1.1 .4
Idaho 8.0 6.2 1.2 .6
Montana 5.5 3.6 1.2 .7
Utah 6.5 4.9 1.1 .4
Wyoming 6.9 5.4 1.0 .5
Far West 7.1 5.8 .8 .4
Alaska 3.2 12.0 .7 1.3
California 7.4 6.2 .8 .4
Hawaii 3.6 2.8 .4 .4
Nevada 7.8 6.0 1.3 .5
Oregon 5.8 4.1 1.2 .5
Washington 6.8 5.3 1.0 .4
Dollar change (millions)
Personal Dividends,
income Net interest, Transfer
earnings(1) and rent payments
United Sates 424,946 332,248 58,037 34,661
New England 27,700 22,566 3,336 1,799
Connecticut 6,357 5,170 748 438
Maine 1,960 1,551 252 157
Massachusetts 14,844 12,335 1,599 910
New Hampshire 2,163 1,707 353 101
Rhode Island 1,533 1,151 253 128
Vermont 844 652 130 62
Mideast 76,284 60,439 8,890 6,954
Delaware 1,259 971 188 100
District of
Columbia 852 764 13 77
Maryland 9,591 7,978 1,038 575
New Jersey 15,675 12,651 2,140 884
New York 34,648 27,331 3,525 3,792
Pennsylvania 14,259 10,746 1,986 1,526
Great Lakes 54,589 40,704 10,188 3,698
Illinois 19,034 14,355 3,437 1,241
Indiana 6,410 4,577 1,226 607
Michigan 10,627 8,226 2,056 344
Ohio 11,848 8,629 2,154 1,064
Wisconsin 6,671 4,915 1,314 440
Plains 24,735 18,021 4,423 2,291
Iowa 3,024 1,938 720 365
Kansas 3,303 2,573 498 232
Minnesota 7,929 5,758 1,616 554
Missouri 6,445 4,954 778 713
Nebraska 2,657 1,967 420 270
North Dakota 303 57 179 65
South Dakota 1,075 773 212 90
Southeast 91,160 69,069 12,586 9,505
Alabama 4,313 3,112 649 553
Arkansas 2,696 1,923 445 327
Florida 23,251 16,404 4,307 2,541
Georgia 14,504 11,894 1,583 1,028
Kentucky 4,461 3,294 655 512
Louisiana 2,768 1,610 651 507
Mississippi 2,363 1,605 381 378
North Carolina 10,592 8,502 862 1,228
South Carolina 5,402 4,094 645 663
Tennessee 7,519 5,688 1,008 823
Virginia 12,114 10,250 1,151 712
West Virginia 1,175 692 249 233
Southwest 44,450 34,963 5,594 3,895
Arizona 7,949 5,962 1,353 634
New Mexico 1,698 1,063 358 276
Oklahoma 3,216 2,238 544 435
Texas 31,588 25,699 3,338 2,550
Rocky Mountain 16,470 12,961 2,478 1,030
Colorado 9,445 7,668 1,303 475
Idaho 2,169 1,675 319 174
Montana 1,028 677 219 131
Utah 3,028 2,307 525 197
Wyoming 800 632 113 54
Far West 89,558 73,525 10,542 5,490
Alaska 546 213 1191 215
California 67,887 57,200 6,936 3,751
Hawaii 1,150 887 143 120
Nevada 3,994 3,064 677 253
Oregon 4,940 3,527 984 429
Washington 11,041 8,635 16,851 720
(1) Net earnings are earnings by place of work the sum of wage and
salary disbursements (payrolls) other labor income, and
proprietors' income--less personal contributions for social
insurance plus an adjustment to convert earnings by place of work to a
place-of-residence basis.
NOTE.--Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding.
Table C.--Earnings by Place of Work: Percent Change for 1998-99
Construc- Manufac-
Total(1) Farms tion turing
United States 6.6 2.7 8.8 2.8
New England 7.5 5.3 11.6 4.2
Connecticut 5.8 5.9 8.2 4.6
Maine 8.4 7.0 21.4 2.6
Massachusetts 8.7 12.0 13.4 5.2
New Hampshire 6.5 17.1 4.8 0.4
Rhode island 6.1 11.1 17.5 1.1
Vermont 6.9 -8.2 3.7 7.7
Mideast 6.4 -14.3 (3) 2.1
Delaware 6.6 -33.6 10.3 4.3
District of Columbia 5.9 (2) (3) 5.4
Maryland 7.3 -11.0 8.3 3.7
New Jersey 6.2 -6.0 11.6 2.4
New York 7.1 0.5 10.4 1.5
Pennsylvania 4.9 -26.4 11.6 1.9
Great Lakes 4.9 -36.7 6.8 2.5
Illinois 5.8 -59.1 8.6 1.5
Indiana 4.4 -71.6 2.0 4.0
Michigan 4.5 26.1 6.7 3.4
Ohio 4.4 -29.4 6.6 1.9
Wisconsin 5.2 -29.2 8.9 2.1
Plains 5.5 -16.8 10.3 1.5
Iowa 4.1 -33.5 4.7 0.9
Kansas 5.6 9.1 9.2 3.4
Minnesota 6.1 -37.5 11.9 3.0
Missouri 5.4 -44.9 12.1 -1.2
Nebraska 6.8 11.1 9.9 1.6
North Dakota 1.0 -70.9 13.4 3.7
South Dakota 7.1 2.3 7.3 4.1
Southeast 6.4 -1.4 6.6 2.2
Alabama 4.8 -2.1 7.5 0.9
Arkansas 5.6 1.6 8.2 3.5
Florida 7.0 24.7 5.8 0.6
Georgia 8.3 -6.5 13.5 5.6
Kentucky 5.8 -21.9 6.6 4.2
Louisiana 2.4 74.5 -1.4 1.3
Mississippi 4.4 -11.8 1.1 2.9
North Carolina 6.6 -21.2 7.1 2.8
South Carolina 7.0 -12.7 5.9 -1.8
Tennessee 6.1 -17.1 5.3 3.1
Virginia 7.6 -24.4 8.7 0.1
West Virginia 2.7 (2) -1.6 1.9
Southwest 6.7 53.3 8.0 .6
Arizona 7.9 9.6 10.3 0.9
New Mexico 4.3 27.8 0.2 -1.2
Oklahoma 4.5 25.2 11.4 0.2
Texas 6.9 80.8 7.6 0.7
Rocky Mountain 8.3 43.7 10.3 3.5
Colorado 9.0 37.5 11.7 3.8
Idaho 9.2 35.1 8.9 7.2
Montana 5.9 48.8 3.1 -2.2
Utah 6.8 7.3 9.8 1.6
Wyoming 8.5 346.6 11.1 2.9
Far West 8.4 8.5 (3) 5.8
Alaska 1.7 0 (3) .5
California 8.9 13.3 13.2 7.0
Hawaii 4.0 9.1 -3.3 3.2
Nevada 8.9 -6.6 6.4 3.1
Oregon 6.4 -9.8 3.3 4.1
Washington 7.7 -7.6 9.9 0.6
Transportation
and public Wholesale Retail
utilities trade trade
United States 5.0 7.6 6.6
New England 3.4 8.2 8.0
Connecticut 2.0 .9 8.6
Maine 2.2 11.6 6.8
Massachusetts 4.6 10.8 8.1
New Hampshire 2.8 13.3 7.9
Rhode island 4.0 8.6 8.9
Vermont 0.4 8.6 5.7
Mideast 2.6 7.4 5.4
Delaware 5.1 12 7.6
District of Columbia 22.3 31 1.3
Maryland 3.9 9.1 3.9
New Jersey 1.5 7.4 4.0
New York 2.3 6.9 7.6
Pennsylvania 2.1 6.8 4.0
Great Lakes 1.4 6.3 4.6
Illinois 1.3 7.4 4.8
Indiana 1.2 6.8 5.5
Michigan 0.9 4.8 4.2
Ohio 0.8 6.2 3.9
Wisconsin 3.9 6.0 5.9
Plains 5.4 6.1 4.0
Iowa 5.1 6.8 4.6
Kansas 9.7 4.8 4.9
Minnesota 3.5 6.8 8.3
Missouri 5.2 5.3 6.3
Nebraska 6.4 6.5 6.4
North Dakota 0.7 4.7 2.8
South Dakota 6.0 9.1 6.8
Southeast 5.7 8.7 6.6
Alabama 3.8 8.2 8.3
Arkansas 3.0 5.9 9.1
Florida 6.3 9.6 5.7
Georgia 7.9 9.4 8.3
Kentucky 2.2 8.8 7.0
Louisiana 0.1 2.2 4.4
Mississippi 0.4 4.3 7.9
North Carolina 2.3 7.2 6.7
South Carolina 3.0 10.8 7.0
Tennessee 6.8 9.7 6.1
Virginia 4.9 11.8 7.2
West Virginia -2.3 4.9 3.9
Southwest 6.7 8.8 7.3
Arizona 4.4 7.6 7.5
New Mexico 3.3 4.5 3.9
Oklahoma 0.2 5.1 5.7
Texas 7.9 9.5 7.8
Rocky Mountain 8.6 8.9 8.4
Colorado 11.8 8.6 9.2
Idaho 4.4 12 8.8
Montana 4.3 6.5 5.7
Utah 2.9 9.6 7.9
Wyoming 2.3 3.3 6.5
Far West 8.5 7.2 8.5
Alaska 1.5 -2.1 5.5
California 10.3 7.5 8.5
Hawaii 0.3 5.0 3.7
Nevada 9.3 7.6 11.0
Oregon 4.7 6.4 7.3
Washington 3.9 6.2 9.4
Finance,
insurance, Govern-
and real Service ment
estate
United States 9.5 9.4 4.3
New England 11.9 8.9 4.4
Connecticut 9.2 7.9 .3
Maine 18.7 10.1 4.8
Massachusetts 14.1 9.1 6.2
New Hampshire 10.9 10.4 4.0
Rhode island 5.2 6.7 5.9
Vermont 9.2 10.4 4.3
Mideast 9.8 8.5 4.1
Delaware 10.7 7.0 4.1
District of Columbia 12.9 7.0 2.3
Maryland 11.4 9.1 6.4
New Jersey 10.6 9.0 3.2
New York 9.9 8.9 5.0
Pennsylvania 6.9 7.3 2.1
Great Lakes 8.1 8.0 3.6
Illinois 10.4 8.6 5.0
Indiana 7.7 7.0 3.0
Michigan 3.9 7.2 2.3
Ohio 7.8 7.5 3.1
Wisconsin 6.8 9.2 4.2
Plains 10.4 8.1 4.1
Iowa 9.5 9.5 4.1
Kansas 8.6 5.8 4.3
Minnesota 8.4 9.6 2.7
Missouri 12.0 6.5 6.0
Nebraska 13.7 9.4 2.3
North Dakota 10.9 7.7 3.5
South Dakota 18.2 10.5 3.6
Southeast 8.9 10.0 4.3
Alabama 10.2 6.7 3.7
Arkansas 7.4 7.7 3.8
Florida 7.7 10.2 2.6
Georgia 7.4 12.4 3.8
Kentucky 7.6 8.7 7.6
Louisiana 4.4 5.8 1.2
Mississippi 6.8 6.8 5.4
North Carolina 11.0 12.2 5.7
South Carolina 10.2 9.1 7.7
Tennessee 10.3 7.3 4.8
Virginia 12.2 12.4 4.4
West Virginia 10.2 6.7 3.3
Southwest 9.4 9.7 4.6
Arizona 11.7 12.6 4.4
New Mexico 10.1 8.0 1.6
Oklahoma 6.9 6.4 4.7
Texas 9.0 9.6 5.0
Rocky Mountain 11.2 10.4 4.5
Colorado 12.8 10.7 4.1
Idaho 9.8 9.3 6.3
Montana 9.2 8.2 3.5
Utah 6.9 10.7 4.8
Wyoming 17.3 11.0 5.0
Far West 9.3 11.1 5.0
Alaska 7.8 4.6 .9
California 9.6 11.0 5.2
Hawaii 5.3 4.0 5.9
Nevada 9.7 11.7 5.8
Oregon 7.9 9.8 5.5
Washington 8.9 13.9 4.4
(1) Also includes mining and agricultural services, forestry, and
fishing.
(2) Not meaningful.
(3) Data are suppressed to avoid disclosure.
NOTE.--Earnings by place of work is the sum of wage and salary
disbursements (payrolls). other labor income, and proprietors'
income.
Table D.--Earnings by Place of Work: Contribution to Percent Change
by Industry Group for 1998-99
[Percentage points]
Construc- Manufac-
Total(1) Farms tion turing
United States 6.6 0 0.5 0.5
New England 7.5 0 .6 .7
Connecticut 5.8 0 .4 .9
Maine 8.4 0 1.4 .5
Massachusetts 8.7 0 .6 .8
New Hampshire 6.5 0 .3 -.1
Rhode island 6.1 0 .9 .2
Vermont 6.9 -.1 .3 1.6
Mideast 6.4 0 (3) .3
Delaware 6.6 -.2 .6 1.0
District of Columbia 5.9 (2) (3) .1
Maryland 7.3 0 .6 .3
New Jersey 6.2 0 .5 .4
New York 7.1 0 .4 .2
Pennsylvania 4.9 -.1 .6 .4
Great Lakes 4.9 -.2 .4 .6
Illinois 5.8 -.3 .5 .3
Indiana 4.4 -.3 .1 1.2
Michigan 4.5 .1 .4 1.1
Ohio 4.4 -.1 .4 .5
Wisconsin 5.2 -.3 .6 .6
Plains 5.5 -.3 .6 .3
Iowa 4.1 -1.2 .3 .2
Kansas 5.6 .2 .5 .6
Minnesota 6.1 -.4 .7 .6
Missouri 5.4 -.2 .8 -.2
Nebraska 6.8 .5 .6 .2
North Dakota 1.0 -3.9 .9 .3
South Dakota 7.1 .2 .4 .6
Southeast 6.4 0 .4 .4
Alabama 4.8 0 .5 .2
Arkansas 5.6 .1 .5 .8
Florida 7.0 .2 .3 0
Georgia 8.3 -.1 .8 .9
Kentucky 5.8 -.4 .4 .9
Louisiana 2.4 .4 -.1 .2
Mississippi 4.4 -.3 .1 .6
North Carolina 6.6 -.3 .5 .6
South Carolina 7.0 -.1 .4 -.4
Tennessee 6.1 0 .3 .6
Virginia 7.6 -.1 .5 0
West Virginia 2.7 (2) -.1 .3
Southwest 6.7 .4 .5 .1
Arizona 7.9 .1 .8 .1
New Mexico 4.3 .7 0 -.1
Oklahoma 4.5 .3 .6 0
Texas 6.9 .5 .5 .1
Rocky Mountain 8.3 .6 .8 .4
Colorado 9.0 .3 .9 .4
Idaho 9.2 1.6 .7 1.2
Montana 5.9 1.0 .2 -.2
Utah 6.8 0 .8 .2
Wyoming 8.5 2.6 .9 .2
Far West 8.4 .1 (3) .9
Alaska 1.7 0 (3) 0
California 8.9 .2 .7 1.1
Hawaii 4.0 .1 -.2 .1
Nevada 8.9 0 .7 .1
Oregon 6.4 -.1 .2 .8
Washington 7.7 -.1 .6 .1
Transportation
and public Wholesale Retail
utilities trade trade
United States 0.3 0.5 0.6
New England .2 .5 .7
Connecticut .1 .1 .6
Maine .1 .6 .8
Massachusetts .2 .7 .7
New Hampshire .1 .9 .9
Rhode island .2 .4 .8
Vermont 0 .4 .6
Mideast .2 .4 .4
Delaware .2 .5 .6
District of Columbia .6 .2 0
Maryland .2 .5 .3
New Jersey .1 .6 .3
New York .1 .4 .5
Pennsylvania .1 .4 .3
Great Lakes .1 .4 .4
Illinois .1 .5 .4
Indiana .1 .4 .5
Michigan 0 .3 .3
Ohio 0 .4 .4
Wisconsin .2 .4 .5
Plains .4 .4 .6
Iowa .3 .5 .4
Kansas .8 .4 .5
Minnesota .2 .5 .7
Missouri .4 .4 .6
Nebraska .6 .4 .5
North Dakota -.1 .4 .3
South Dakota .4 .5 .7
Southeast .4 .5 .6
Alabama .2 .5 .6
Arkansas .2 .3 1.0
Florida .4 .6 .6
Georgia .7 .8 .7
Kentucky .2 .5 .7
Louisiana 0 .1 .4
Mississippi 0 .2 .8
North Carolina .1 .4 .6
South Carolina 1.6 .5 .7
Tennessee .5 .6 .6
Virginia .3 .6 .6
West Virginia -.2 .2 .4
Southwest .5 .6 .7
Arizona .3 .5 .8
New Mexico .2 .2 .4
Oklahoma 0 .3 .5
Texas .7 .7 .7
Rocky Mountain .8 .5 .8
Colorado 1.2 .5 .8
Idaho .3 .6 .9
Montana .3 .3 .7
Utah .2 .5 .8
Wyoming .2 .1 .6
Far West .5 .4 .8
Alaska .2 -.1 .5
California .6 .5 .8
Hawaii 0 .2 .4
Nevada .5 .3 1.1
Oregon .3 .5 .8
Washington .3 .4 .8
Finance,
insurance, Govern-
and real Service ment
estate
United States 0.9 2.7 0.7
New England 1.3 2.9 .6
Connecticut 1.3 2.3 0
Maine 1.5 2.7 .9
Massachusetts 1.5 3.2 .8
New Hampshire .8 2.9 .5
Rhode island .4 2.1 1.1
Vermont .5 3.0 .7
Mideast 1.3 2.6 .7
Delaware 1.6 1.7 .6
District of Columbia .7 2.8 1.0
Maryland .9 2.9 1.5
New Jersey 1.0 2.8 .5
New York 2.0 2.8 .7
Pennsylvania .6 2.2 .3
Great Lakes .6 2.0 .5
Illinois 1.1 2.5 .7
Indiana .5 1.5 .4
Michigan .2 1.8 .3
Ohio .5 1.9 .5
Wisconsin .5 2.1 .6
Plains .8 2.1 .6
Iowa .7 2.1 .6
Kansas .5 1.3 .7
Minnesota .7 2.6 .4
Missouri .9 1.8 .9
Nebraska 1.0 2.4 .4
North Dakota .6 1.9 .7
South Dakota 1.3 2.5 .6
Southeast .6 2.7 .8
Alabama .6 1.5 .7
Arkansas .4 1.7 .6
Florida .8 3.4 .4
Georgia .6 3.2 .6
Kentucky .4 2.0 1.4
Louisiana .2 1.5 .2
Mississippi .3 1.6 1.1
North Carolina .8 2.8 1.0
South Carolina .6 2.0 1.5
Tennessee .7 2.0 .6
Virginia .9 3.7 1.1
West Virginia .4 1.7 .7
Southwest .7 2.6 .7
Arizona 1.1 3.6 .7
New Mexico .5 2.2 .4
Oklahoma .4 1.5 1.0
Texas .7 2.5 .7
Rocky Mountain .9 2.8 .8
Colorado 1.1 3.1 .7
Idaho .5 2.1 1.2
Montana .5 2.2 .8
Utah .5 2.9 .9
Wyoming .8 2.0 1.2
Far West .8 3.4 .8
Alaska .3 1.0 .3
California .9 3.5 .8
Hawaii .5 1.2 1.8
Nevada .8 4.5 .8
Oregon .6 2.5 .9
Washington .6 4.0 .8
(1) Also includes mining and agricultural services, forestry, and
fishing.
(2) Not meaningful.
(3) Data are suppressed to avoid disclosure.
NOTE.--Earnings by place of work is the sum of wage and salary
disbursements (payrolls). other labor income, and proprietors'
income.
Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding.
Slowest growing States.--The four States with the slowest growth in
per capita income in 1999 were Alaska (2.5 percent), Louisiana (2.6
percent), North Dakota (2.7 percent), and West Virginia (3.5 percent).
In Louisiana, North Dakota, and West Virginia, per capita income was
below the U.S. average of $28,518. Alaska had ranked in the top 10
States in 1969-95, but it has steadily dropped since to 17th in 1999.
In all four States, the growth rates in personal income and in
population were less than the U.S. averages. In Louisiana and West
Virginia, both personal income and population either declined or grew at
below U.S. averages since 1996.
In all four States, personal income growth was held back by slow
growth in net earnings. By industry, in Alaska, the slow growth in
earnings by place of work reflected weakness in most major industry
groups. In Louisiana, weakness in earnings in mining, in construction,
in transportation and public utilities, and in wholesale trade
contributed to the slow growth. In North Dakota, a substantial decline
in farm earnings contributed, and in West Virginia, declines in earnings
in mining, in construction, and in transportation and public utilities
contributed.
Sources of Revisions
This section describes the changes in the sources and methods used
to prepare the State estimates of personal income: The definitional
changes that could be estimated by State, the statistical changes to the
national estimates that could be replicated at the State level, and the
improvements to State-level sources and methods for other income
subcomponents.
Many of the methodological changes that were incorporated into the
national estimates of personal income involve detailed estimation that
cannot be replicated at the State level, because the underlying source
data are not available for States. However, these changes are implicitly incorporated into the State estimates through the use of the national
estimates.
Definitional changes
Government employee retirement plans.--The reclassification of
government employee retirement plans covers Federal civilian, military,
and State and local government employees. This change raised personal
income by (1) the amount of employer contributions to these plans, which
are added to other labor income, (2) dividends and interest received by
these plans, which are added to personal dividend income and personal
interest income, and (3) personal contribution,; to these plans, which
are no longer included in personal contributions for social insurance (a
component that is deducted in the calculation of personal income). In
addition, personal income was reduced by the amount of benefits paid by
these plans; these benefits are no longer included in government
transfer payments to persons. Although this change raises personal
income, it does not affect the national estimates of gross domestic
product, gross domestic income, or national income.
The national totals of the employer contributions for Federal
civilian employees and for military personnel are allocated to States in
proportion to the corresponding estimates of wage and salary
disbursements. The State estimates of the contributions for State and
local government employees, like the national estimates, are based on
data from the Census Bureau's annual Finances of
Employee-Retirement Systems of State, and Local Governments.
For the preparation of the State estimates of dividends and
interest received by government employee retirement plans, the national
totals are divided into the portion that is received on behalf of
current employees and the portion that is received on behalf of
retirees. The current-employee portion is assumed to be 60 percent of
the total for the civilian plans and 40 percent for the military
plan.(7)
For the Federal civilian plans, the national totals of the
current-employee portions o f dividends and interest are allocated to
States in proportion to place-of-residence estimates of Federal civilian
wages and salaries. The national totals of the retiree portions are
allocated in proportion to the estimates of retirement benefits received
by individuals from the plans; these estimates are based on data
provided by the Office of Personnel Management.
For the military plan, the national total of the current-employee
portion of the interest is allocated to States in proportion to the
estimates of military wages and salaries adjusted to a
place-of-residence basis. The national total of the retiree portion is
allocated in proportion to the estimates of retirement benefits from the
plan; these estimates are based on data from the Department of Defense.
For the State and local government plans, the estimates are based
mainly on data on the dividends and the interest received by the plans
operated by the State and local governments of each State from the
Census Bureau's annual Finances of Employee-Retirement Systems of
State and Local Governments. These data are adjusted to a
place-of-residence basis using the journey-to-work data for current
employees, and then they are used to prepare the estimates of both the
current-employee portion and the retiree portion of the corresponding
type of income.
Private noninsured pension plans.--The treatment of private
noninsured pension plans was modified to record property
income--interest, dividends, and rents--as received directly by persons
in the corresponding components of personal income. A downward revision
to personal interest income was offset by upward revisions to personal
dividend income and to rental income of persons; personal income for the
Nation was unaffected.
The State estimates of the investment income of these plans are
improved by the preparation of separate estimates for current employees
and retirees.(8) Previously, the national total was allocated to States
in proportion to estimates of employer contributions to these plans,
adjusted to a place-of-residence basis.
In the revised State estimates, the current-employee portion--which
is assumed to be 60 percent of the totals of the dividends, interest,
and rent--continue to reflect the employer contribution estimates. The
national estimates of the retiree portions are allocated to States in
proportion to the estimates of social security retirement benefits,
which are received by almost all of the persons who receive benefits
from private pension plans.
Directors' fees.--The fees that are paid to outside
directors--that is, directors who are not employees of the company on
whose board they serve--are reclassified from other labor income to
non-farm proprietors' income.(9) This reclassification eliminates
the double-counting of these fees in personal income that began in 1979.
In the revised State estimates, directors' fees have been removed
from other labor income for 1969-98. The national totals for 1969-78 are
now allocated to States in proportion to the estimates of nonfarm
proprietors' income; previously, these estimates had been allocated
to the States in proportion to the estimates of wages and salaries.
Special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and
children.--The food-cost portion of this program has been reclassified
as transfer payments to persons for the 1974-98 estimates. This
reclassification recognizes that these food benefits are similar to
those in the Federal food stamp program, which are classified as
transfer payments to persons. This change raises State transfer
payments. The State estimates, like the national estimates, are based on
data from the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
Capital transfers.--Estate and gift taxes, which are linked to the
transfer of assets and are therefore capital transactions from the point
of view of the household, were reclassified as capital transfers; thus,
they are not a part of personal income.
Personal tax and nontax payments, which are subtracted from
personal income to derive disposable personal income, were revised to
exclude these taxes.
Statistical changes
Wage and salary disbursements.--For 1993-98, the State estimates of
the wages and salaries paid by farms, like the national estimates, were
revised to incorporate estimates from the USDA that are now based on
data from the 1997 Census of Agriculture. The 1997-98 estimates of the
wages paid by farm labor contractors were revised to incorporate data
from the 1997 census, and the 1993-96 estimates were revised to
incorporate interpolations of data from the 1992 census and data from
the 1997 census.
Other labor income.--The State estimates of employer contributions
for workers' compensation insurance, like the national estimates,
were improved by the addition of data for nine State-chartered insurance
carriers from the National Council on Compensation Insurance, the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners, and the American
Association of State Compensation Insurance Funds. Data for these
carriers are not included in the primary source data for the national
estimates, which are obtained from A.M. Best Company, Inc.
Farm proprietors' income.--The national and State estimates of
farm proprietors' income are based mainly on estimates of the
income of all farms from the USDA. BEA adjusts the USDA estimates to
conform to the accounting definitions of business income that are used
by BEA and to exclude BEA's estimates of the income of corporate
farms.
The revised estimates of farm proprietors' income incorporate
USDA estimates for 1990-98 that are based on data from the 1997 Census
of Agriculture. In addition, the revised State estimates of the income
of corporate farms for 1997-98 incorporate data from the 1997 Census of
Agriculture, and the revised estimates for 1993-96 incorporate
interpolations of data from the 1992 census and from the 1997 census.
Data from USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Study (formerly
the Farm Costs and Returns Survey) were used to interpolate and
extrapolate the census data used to prepare the corporate estimates.(10)
Nonfarm proprietors' income.--The revised estimates of nonfarm
proprietors' income for 1995-98 incorporate newly available
tabulations of data by State from Federal income tax returns of sole
proprietors and partnerships for 1995-96. Previously, these estimates
were based on extrapolations of the 1994 tax-return data.
In addition, the State estimates for chemicals and allied products
manufacturing were adjusted to exclude the income of corporate partners,
because partnership income to corporations is not included in personal
income.
Dividends, interest, and rent.--The State estimates of personal
dividend income were improved by the separate estimation of the
dividends received from "S-corporations" which are generally
small corporations that use Internal Revenue Service (IRS) form 1120S to
file their Federal corporate income tax returns. The State estimates of
these dividends are based on "S-Corporation net income less
loss" by State from the IRS Statistics of Income series.
Previously, the State estimates of personal dividend income were based
on IRS data that did not include the S-corporation dividends.
Transfer payments.--The State estimates of the benefits under the
Federally aided foster care program are improved by the use of current,
annual data from the Department of Health and Human Services on the
Federal grants that are made to the States. The data are adjusted to
reflect the fund-matching percentage that is required of each State.
Previously, the estimates of the payments to foster care families were
based on civilian population by State, and the estimates of the payments
to the nonprofit organizations that typically supervise this program
were based on extrapolations of 1969 data. This change was made because
in the NIPA's, the payments for foster care and adoption assistance
have been reclassified as "other" public assistance.
Adjustment for residence.--In the derivation of State personal
income, estimates of the net inflow of the labor earnings of interstate commuters are added to the State estimates of the net labor earnings by
place of work in order to yield net labor earnings by place of
residence.(11)
The State residence adjustment estimates are revised to include in
State personal income the wages and salaries of foreign residents
temporarily working in the United States.(12) Previously, the income of
these persons was excluded from State personal income.
Personal tax and nontax payments.--The revised estimates of net
Federal income tax payments incorporate State data for 1990-95 on social
security and medicare tax payments from the Social Security
Administration.(13)
Revisions
The comprehensive revision of State personal income caused large
percentage revisions to the estimates for a few States. For all years,
personal income for the Nation and for most States was revised up (table
E). The revisions to the national totals of the components of personal
income had differing effects on the individual State estimates because
of the differing structures of the States' economies, but the
primary source of the revisions to the State estimates was the
reclassification of government employee retirement plans. The changes in
the State-level methodology also had differing effects, so the
percentage revisions to the State estimates varied widely. However, the
long-term growth rates in State personal income and the rankings of
States by per capita personal income were little changed.
Table E.--Revisions to Personal Income for States and Regions for
Selected Years
[Millions of dollars]
Revision
State and region
1969 1992 1996 1997 1998
United States 1,310 137,258 130,000 171,464 193,371
New England -450 4,105 -396 3,526 4,870
Connecticut -24 1,030 -1,550 -696 -1,240
Maine -7 446 500 643 696
Massachusetts -408 2,057 239 2,191 3,562
New Hampshire -22 -106 -405 7 332
Rhode Island 12 441 751 1,165 1,300
Vermont 0 237 69 215 220
Mideast -199 18,164 10,091 14,667 18,755
Delaware -13 64 -354 -655 -395
District of
Columbia -23 807 54 -291 -538
Maryland 94 3,971 2,741 2,174 2,595
New Jersey -95 -1,147 -722 1,687 2,818
New York -143 7,286 4,600 5,134 7,293
Pennsylvania 20 7,182 3,771 6,619 6,981
Great Lakes 909 24,681 25,252 36,950 41,342
Illinois -200 6,581 7,830 9,972 11,288
Indiana 65 2,877 3,320 4,332 5,289
Michigan 553 4,059 4,524 8,193 8,977
Ohio 259 8,456 6,656 9,839 10,079
Wisconsin 233 2,708 2,924 4,616 5,709
Plains 246 9,702 14,230 16,915 18,505
Iowa 57 1,605 1,937 2,177 2,077
Kansas 21 1,440 1,384 1,492 1,529
Minnesota 89 2,553 4,787 6,070 7,570
Missouri 29 2,192 2,727 3,967 3,799
Nebraska 1 851 1,966 1,884 1,841
North Dakota 26 524 624 495 745
South Dakota 25 537 807 830 943
Southeast 409 40,585 44,406 51,684 53,042
Alabama 22 2,700 2,093 2,500 2,389
Arkansas -11 1,477 1,584 1,902 1,962
Florida -12 10,200 11,330 12,579 13,555
Georgia -38 2,998 4,979 5,238 5,454
Kentucky 84 2,382 2,609 2,746 2,440
Louisiana 28 2,495 2,780 3,419 3,448
Mississippi 53 1,431 1,748 2,120 2,127
North Carolina 113 6,062 6,459 7,691 7,973
South Carolina 58 2,738 2,852 3,483 3,859
Tennessee 34 2,960 3,590 4,162 4,512
Virginia 60 4,350 3,587 4,599 3,842
West Virginia 18 791 795 1,245 1,482
Southwest -82 9,750 9,769 12,829 15,246
Arizona 37 2,120 2,396 3,808 4,887
New Mexico 13 1,047 1,406 1,686 1,935
Oklahoma 19 2,218 2,539 2,421 2,881
Texas -151 4,365 3,428 4,915 5,543
Rocky Mountain 69 4,546 5,254 78,571 9,637
Colorado -52 1,517 2,277 40,851 4,595
Idaho 25 682 755 789 1,276
Montana 34 471 446 412 844
Utah 53 1,485 1,498 2,089 2,420
Wyoming 8 391 276 482 502
Far West 408 25,725 21,393 27,034 31,972
Alaska 32 1,088 1,049 1,211 1,301
California 292 16,898 13,824 15,917 19,552
Hawaii 47 1,487 609 764 588
Nevada 13 1,243 1,919 2,768 3,124
Oregon 8 2,614 2,405 3,461 3,733
Washington 15 2,396 1,587 29,131 3,674
Percent revision
State and region
1969 1992 1996 1997 1998
United States .2 2.6 2.0 2.5 2.7
New England -.9 1.3 -.1 .9 1.1
Connecticut -.2 1.1 -1.4 -.6 -1.0
Maine -.2 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.4
Massachusetts -1.7 1.4 .1 1.1 1.8
New Hampshire -.8 -.4 -1.3 0 1.0
Rhode Island .3 2.1 3.1 4.6 4.9
Vermont 0 2.2 .5 1.6 1.5
Mideast -.1 1.7 .8 1.1 1.4
Delaware -.5 .4 -1.8 -3.1 -1.8
District of
Columbia -.7 4.8 .3 -1.5 -2.8
Maryland .6 3.4 2.0 1.5 1.7
New Jersey -.3 -.5 -.3 .6 1.0
New York -.2 1.6 .9 .9 1.3
Pennsylvania 0 2.9 1.3 2.1 2.2
Great Lakes .6 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.6
Illinois -.4 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.2
Indiana .3 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.7
Michigan 1.5 2.2 1.9 3.4 3.5
Ohio .6 3.9 2.6 3.6 3.6
Wisconsin 1.4 2.8 2.5 3.7 4.3
Plains .4 2.8 3.3 3.8 3.9
Iowa .6 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0
Kansas .3 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3
Minnesota .6 2.7 4.1 4.9 5.8
Missouri .2 2.2 2.2 3.1 2.9
Nebraska 0 2.8 5.2 4.8 4.5
North Dakota 1.4 4.9 4.8 3.8 5.4
South Dakota 1.3 4.4 5.4 5.3 5.8
Southeast .3 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.4
Alabama .2 3.9 2.5 2.8 2.6
Arkansas -.2 3.9 3.4 3.8 3.8
Florida 0 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.5
Georgia -.3 2.3 3.0 2.9 2.8
Kentucky .9 3.8 3.5 3.4 2.9
Louisiana .3 3.6 3.3 3.8 3.7
Mississippi 1.0 3.9 3.7 4.3 4.1
North Carolina .7 4.9 4.0 4.5 4.4
South Carolina .8 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.7
Tennessee .3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.5
Virginia .4 3.2 2.2 2.6 2.1
West Virginia .4 2.8 2.4 3.7 4.2
Southwest -.2 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.2
Arizona .6 3.1 2.6 3.8 4.5
New Mexico .4 4.2 4.4 5.1 5.6
Oklahoma .2 4.1 4.0 3.6 4.1
Texas -.4 1.3 .8 1.1 1.1
Rocky Mountain .4 3.2 2.8 3.9 4.5
Colorado -.6 2.1 2.3 3.9 4.0
Idaho 1.1 3.9 3.2 3.2 4.9
Montana 1.5 3.5 2.7 2.4 4.7
Utah 1.7 5.2 3.9 5.0 5.5
Wyoming .7 4.5 2.7 4.4 4.5
Far West .3 2.8 2.0 2.3 2.6
Alaska 2.3 8.4 7.1 8.0 8.2
California .3 2.5 1.7 1.9 2.2
Hawaii 1.4 5.6 2.0 2.5 1.9
Nevada .6 4.3 4.6 6.2 6.5
Oregon .1 4.7 3.3 4.5 4.6
Washington .1 2.2 1.2 2.0 2.3
Percent contribution to U.S. revision
State and region
1969 1992 1996 1997 1998
United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
New England -34.4 3.0 -.3 2.1 2.5
Connecticut -1.8 .8 -1.2 -.4 -.6
Maine -.5 .3 .4 .4 .4
Massachusetts -31.1 1.5 .2 1.3 1.8
New Hampshire -1.7 -.1 -.3 0 .2
Rhode Island .9 .3 .6 .7 .7
Vermont 0 .2 .1 .1 .1
Mideast -15.2 13.2 7.8 8.6 9.7
Delaware -1.0 0 -.3 -.4 -.2
District of
Columbia -1.8 .6 0 -.2 -.3
Maryland 7.2 2.9 2.1 1.3 1.3
New Jersey -7.3 -.8 -.6 1.0 1.5
New York -10.9 5.3 3.5 3.0 3.8
Pennsylvania -1.5 5.2 2.9 3.9 3.6
Great Lakes 69.4 18.0 19.4 21.5 21.4
Illinois -15.3 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.8
Indiana 5.0 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.7
Michigan 42.2 3.0 3.5 4.8 4.6
Ohio 19.8 6.2 5.1 5.7 5.2
Wisconsin 17.8 2.0 2.2 2.7 3.0
Plains 18.8 7.1 10.9 9.9 9.6
Iowa 4.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1
Kansas 1.6 1.0 1.1 .9 .8
Minnesota 6.8 1.9 3.7 3.5 3.9
Missouri 2.2 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.0
Nebraska .1 .6 1.5 1.1 1.0
North Dakota 2.0 .4 .5 .3 .4
South Dakota 1.9 .4 .6 .5 .5
Southeast 31.2 29.6 34.2 30.1 27.4
Alabama 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2
Arkansas -.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0
Florida -.9 7.4 8.7 7.3 7.0
Georgia -2.9 2.2 3.8 3.1 2.8
Kentucky 6.4 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.3
Louisiana 2.1 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8
Mississippi 4.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1
North Carolina 8.6 4.4 5.0 4.5 4.1
South Carolina 4.4 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0
Tennessee 2.6 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.3
Virginia 4.6 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.0
West Virginia 1.4 .6 .6 .7 .8
Southwest -6.3 7.1 7.5 7.5 7.9
Arizona 2.8 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.5
New Mexico 1.0 .8 1.1 1.0 1.0
Oklahoma 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.5
Texas -11.5 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.9
Rocky Mountain 5.3 3.3 4.0 4.6 5.0
Colorado -4.0 1.1 1.8 2.4 2.4
Idaho 1.9 .5 .6 .5 .7
Montana 2.6 .3 .3 .2 .4
Utah 4.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
Wyoming .6 .3 .2 .3 .3
Far West 31.1 18.7 16.5 15.8 16.5
Alaska 2.4 .8 .8 .7 .7
California 22.3 12.3 10.6 9.3 10.1
Hawaii 3.6 1.1 .5 .4 .3
Nevada 1.0 .9 1.5 1.6 1.6
Oregon .6 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9
Washington 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.9
NOTE--Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding
Revisions to long-term growth rates.--The average annual percent
change in personal income for the United States was revised up 0.1
percentage point for 1969-98. At the State level, the revisions to the
growth rates ranged from an upward revision of 0.2 percentage point to a
downward revision of 0.1 percentage point (see table F).
Table F. Revisions to Average Annual Growth Rates in Personal
Income
[Percent]
1969-98
State and region
Previously Revised Revision
published
United States 8.0 8.1 0.1
New England 7.7 7.8 .1
Connecticut 7.6 7.6 0
Maine 7.9 8.0 .1
Massachusetts 7.6 7.7 .1
New Hampshire 9.2 9.2 0
Rhode Island 7.2 7.3 .1
Vermont 8.1 8.2 .1
Mideast 7.2 7.3 .1
Delaware 8.0 7.9 -.1
District of Columbia 6.1 6.1 0
Maryland 8.1 8.1 0
New Jersey 7.7 7.7 0
New York 6.9 6.9 0
Pennsylvania 7.0 7.1 .1
Great Lakes 7.1 7.2 .1
Illinois 7.1 7.2 .1
Indiana 7.2 7.3 .1
Michigan 7.0 7.1 .1
Ohio 6.9 7.0 .1
Wisconsin 7.5 7.6 .1
Plains 7.5 7.6 .1
Iowa 6.8 6.9 .1
Kansas 7.6 7.7 .1
Minnesota 8.0 8.2 .2
Missouri 7.5 7.6 .1
Nebraska 7.4 7.5 .1
North Dakota 7.2 7.3 .1
South Dakota 7.6 7.7 .1
Southeast 8.9 9.0 .1
Alabama 8.2 8.3 .1
Arkansas 8.4 8.5 .1
Florida 10.0 10.1 .1
Georgia 9.3 9.4 .1
Kentucky 7.9 7.9 0
Louisiana 7.8 8.0 .2
Mississippi 8.2 8.3 .1
North Carolina 8.9 9.1 .2
South Carolina 8.7 8.9 .2
Tennessee 8.7 8.8 .1
Virginia 8.8 8.8 0
West Virginia 7.0 7.2 .2
Southwest 9.2 9.3 .1
Arizona 10.5 10.6 .1
New Mexico 8.9 9.1 .2
Oklahoma 7.8 7.9 .1
Texas 9.3 9.4 .1
Rocky Mountain 9.1 9.3 .2
Colorado 9.6 9.8 .2
Idaho 8.7 8.9 .2
Montana 7.4 7.5 .1
Utah 9.5 9.6 .1
Wyoming 8.1 8.2 .1
Far West 8.5 8.5 0
Alaska 8.8 9.0 .2
California 8.3 8.4 .1
Hawaii 8.0 8.0 0
Nevada 11.3 11.5 .2
Oregon 8.5 8.7 .2
Washington 8.8 8.9 .1
1991:I-1999:III
State and region
Previously Revised Revision
published
United States 5.4 5.4 0
New England 5.0 5.2 .2
Connecticut 5.0 4.8 -.2
Maine 4.3 4.7 .4
Massachusetts 5.2 5.6 .4
New Hampshire 5.5 5.8 .3
Rhode Island 4.1 4.6 .5
Vermont 5.0 5.0 0
Mideast 4.6 4.7 .1
Delaware 5.5 5.4 -.1
District of Columbia 3.2 2.3 -.9
Maryland 4.8 4.7 -.1
New Jersey 5.0 5.1 .1
New York 4.6 4.7 .1
Pennsylvania 4.4 4.3 -.1
Great Lakes 5.2 5.2 0
Illinois 5.4 5.5 .1
Indiana 5.3 5.4 .1
Michigan 5.0 5.3 .3
Ohio 4.8 4.7 -.1
Wisconsin 5.5 5.6 .1
Plains 5.3 5.3 0
Iowa 5.0 4.9 -.1
Kansas 5.1 5.1 0
Minnesota 5.9 6.0 .1
Missouri 5.0 5.1 .1
Nebraska 5.2 5.3 .1
North Dakota 4.9 4.2 -.7
South Dakota 5.5 5.4 -.1
Southeast 5.8 5.8 0
Alabama 5.2 5.0 -.2
Arkansas 5.5 5.5 0
Florida 5.8 5.7 -.1
Georgia 7.0 7.1 .1
Kentucky 5.5 5.5 0
Louisiana 4.8 4.8 0
Mississippi 5.8 5.9 .1
North Carolina 6.3 6.4 .1
South Carolina 5.5 5.6 .1
Tennessee 6.1 6.2 .1
Virginia 5.4 5.3 -.1
West Virginia 4.0 4.1 .1
Southwest 6.5 6.6 .1
Arizona 7.6 7.7 .1
New Mexico 5.6 5.8 .2
Oklahoma 4.6 4.6 0
Texas 6.6 8.7 .1
Rocky Mountain 7.1 7.3 .1
Colorado 7.7 8.0 .1
Idaho 6.7 7.1 .2
Montana 4.9 4.8 -.1
Utah 7.5 7.5 0
Wyoming 4.3 4.7 .4
Far West 5.2 5.3 .1
Alaska 3.5 3.6 .1
California 4.9 4.9 0
Hawaii 3.2 3.0 -.2
Nevada 8.7 9.0 .3
Oregon 6.4 6.3 -.1
Washington 6.5 6.7 .2
The average annual percent changes in personal income for 1969-98
were unrevised for 9 States, were revised up 0.1 percentage point for 30
States, and were revised up 0.2 percentage point for 11 States. The only
downward revision was 0.1 percentage point for Delaware.
The States with the largest revisions to the average annual percent
changes in personal income over the current expansion (from the first
quarter of 1991--the trough of the last recession--to the third quarter
of 1999) were Rhode Island--up 0.5 percentage point--and the District of
Columbia-down 0.9 percentage point. For 40 States, the revisions to the
growth rates were between +0.2 percentage point and -0.2 percentage
point.
The rankings of the four fastest growing States over the current
expansion remain unchanged, and the top 10 States are the same.
Similarly, the rankings of the four slowest growing States remain
unchanged, and the bottom 10 States are the same.
Revisions to the estimates for 1997.--The nearly across-the-board
upward revisions to the State estimates for 1997--the most recent year
that detailed State estimates are available for analysis--largely
reflected the reclassification of government employee retirement plans
at the national level. This change resulted in substantial upward
revisions to the estimates of other labor income and of dividends,
interest, and rent and in downward revisions to the estimates of
transfer payments and personal contributions for social insurance (table
G).
Table G.--Effect of the Reclassification of Government Employee
Retirement Plans on Personal Income for 1997
Millions of dollars Percent
State and region
Personal Revision from Personal
income the income
revision reclassification revision
United States 171,464 102,957 2.5
New England 3,526 3,551 .9
Connecticut -696 862 -.6
Maine 643 217 2.4
Massachusetts 2,191 1,765 1.1
New Hampshire 7 196 .0
Rhode Island 1,165 398 4.6
Vermont 215 113 1.6
Mideast 14,667 14,104 1.1
Delaware -655 201 -3.1
District of Columbia -291 692 -1.5
Maryland 2,174 5,515 1.5
New Jersey 1,687 1,896 .6
New York 5,134 3,486 .9
Pennsylvania 6,619 2,313 2.1
Great Lakes 36,950 14,489 3.3
Illinois 9,972 3,506 3.0
Indiana 4,332 1,464 3.2
Michigan 8,193 1,945 3.4
Ohio 9,839 6,168 3.6
Wisconsin 4,616 1,406 3.7
Plains 16,915 7,803 3.8
Iowa 2,177 655 3.3
Kansas 1,492 703 2.4
Minnesota 6,070 3,660 4.9
Missouri 3,967 1,716 3.1
Nebraska 1,884 489 4.8
North Dakota 495 310 3.8
South Dakota 830 270 5.3
Southeast 51,684 28,110 3.5
Alabama 2,500 1,385 2.8
Arkansas 1,902 558 3.8
Florida 12,579 4,134 3.5
Georgia 5,238 4,049 2.9
Kentucky 2,746 1,534 3.4
Louisiana 3,419 1,326 3.8
Mississippi 2,120 920 4.3
North Carolina 7,691 4,989 4.5
South Carolina 3,483 1,421 4.5
Tennessee 4,162 1,529 3.4
Virginia 4,599 5,695 2.6
West Virginia 1,245 570 3.7
Southwest 12,829 9,312 1.9
Arizona 3,808 690 3.8
New Mexico 1,686 901 5.1
Oklahoma 2,421 1,034 3.6
Texas 4,915 6,688 1.1
Rocky Mountain 7,857 3,634 3.9
Colorado 4,085 2,039 3.9
Idaho 789 378 3.2
Montana 412 395 2.4
Utah 2,089 598 5.0
Wyoming 482 223 4.4
Far West 27,034 21,954 2.3
Alaska 1,211 981 8.0
California 15,917 14,891 1.9
Hawaii 764 1,200 2.5
Nevada 2,768 819 6.2
Oregon 3,461 1,918 4.5
Washington 2,913 2,145 2.0
Percent revisions as a results of
the reclassification
State and region Less:
Other labor personal
Total income(1) contributions
for social
insurance(1)
United States 1.5 1.5 .4
New England .9 1.2 .3
Connecticut .7 .9 .3
Maine .8 1.8 .6
Massachusetts .9 1.3 .3
New Hampshire .6 .6 .3
Rhode Island 1.5 1.7 .6
Vermont .8 .9 .3
Mideast 1.1 1.4 .3
Delaware 1.0 1.2 .2
District of Columbia 3.7 20.2 2.4
Maryland 3.7 2.5 .3
New Jersey .7 1.2 .4
New York .6 .8 .1
Pennsylvania .7 1.0 .3
Great Lakes 1.3 1.2 .4
Illinois 1.0 1.1 .4
Indiana 1.0 1.0 .2
Michigan .8 1.1 .2
Ohio 2.2 1.5 .8
Wisconsin 1.1 1.1 .1
Plains 1.7 1.1 .4
Iowa 1.0 .7 .3
Kansas 1.1 1.3 .4
Minnesota 2.8 .8 .4
Missouri 1.3 1.3 .4
Nebraska 1.2 1.2 .3
North Dakota 2.3 2.2 .4
South Dakota 1.6 1.4 .5
Southeast 1.8 1.8 .3
Alabama 1.5 1.8 .5
Arkansas 1.1 1.3 .2
Florida 1.1 1.7 .1
Georgia 2.2 1.8 .3
Kentucky 1.8 1.9 .6
Louisiana 1.4 1.7 .6
Mississippi 1.8 1.9 .7
North Carolina 2.8 1.6 .5
South Carolina 1.8 1.6 .6
Tennessee 1.2 1.0 .2
Virginia 3.2 3.3 .2
West Virginia 1.6 1.8 .3
Southwest 1.4 1.4 .5
Arizona .7 1.2 .3
New Mexico 2.6 2.6 1.0
Oklahoma 1.5 2.1 .5
Texas 1.4 1.3 .5
Rocky Mountain 1.8 1.9 .4
Colorado 1.9 2.1 .4
Idaho 1.5 1.6 .7
Montana 2.2 1.8 .8
Utah 1.4 1.8 .2
Wyoming 2.0 1.7 .2
Far West 1.8 1.6 .5
Alaska 6.0 4.3 1.2
California 1.7 1.4 .5
Hawaii 3.8 4.6 .4
Nevada 1.7 1.7 .2
Oregon 2.4 1.2 .5
Washington 1.4 1.8 .5
Percent revisions as a results of
the reclassification
State and region
Residence Dividends, Transfer
adjustment(1) interest, payments
and rent
United States 0 1.8 -2.2
New England 0 1.0 -1.7
Connecticut 0 .9 -1.4
Maine -.1 1.1 -2.6
Massachusetts 0 1.0 -1.7
New Hampshire .3 1.0 -1.6
Rhode Island 0 1.5 -2.4
Vermont 0 1.0 -1.3
Mideast -.1 1.7 -2.2
Delaware 0 1.4 -1.9
District of Columbia -16.9 4.9 -6.9
Maryland 1.3 3.3 -3.6
New Jersey .1 .6 -1.6
New York 0 2.0 -2.3
Pennsylvania 0 1.3 -1.9
Great Lakes 0 1.5 -1.8
Illinois 0 1.3 -1.7
Indiana 0 1.0 -1.2
Michigan 0 1.0 -1.6
Ohio 0 2.3 -2.4
Wisconsin 0 1.5 -1.6
Plains 0 1.8 -1.6
Iowa .1 1.1 -1.3
Kansas 0 1.2 -1.8
Minnesota 0 3.1 -1.6
Missouri -.1 1.5 -1.8
Nebraska 0 1.2 -1.5
North Dakota -.1 1.5 -1.7
South Dakota 0 1.8 -2.0
Southeast .1 2.0 -2.4
Alabama 0 2.2 -3.0
Arkansas 0 1.8 -2.1
Florida 0 1.6 -2.2
Georgia 0 2.2 -2.1
Kentucky -.3 1.7 -2.0
Louisiana 0 1.6 -2.6
Mississippi 0 1.7 -2.6
North Carolina 0 2.6 -2.0
South Carolina 0 2.3 -2.8
Tennessee .2 1.6 -1.7
Virginia .7 2.8 -3.8
West Virginia 0 1.5 -2.0
Southwest 0 1.8 -2.3
Arizona 0 1.6 -2.4
New Mexico 0 2.8 -3.7
Oklahoma 0 1.9 -3.1
Texas 0 1.8 -2.1
Rocky Mountain 0 1.9 -2.5
Colorado 0 1.8 -2.5
Idaho 0 1.4 -2.2
Montana 0 2.6 -2.9
Utah 0 1.8 -2.5
Wyoming 0 2.6 -2.5
Far West 0 2.2 -2.4
Alaska 0 4.4 -4.1
California 0 2.2 -2.3
Hawaii 0 3.0 -4.1
Nevada 0 2.1 -2.2
Oregon 0 3.5 -2.8
Washington 0 1.5 -2.4
(1.) Other labor income and personal contributions for social
insurance by employees, which account for most of the total
contributions, are estimated by place of work. For the purposes of this
table, a residence adjustment was calculated to convert these estimates
to a place-of-residence basis. The residence adjustment is not usually
calculated for each component. The revisions to the adjustment for
residence reflect mainly the revisions to the estimates of other labor
income and personal contributions for social insurance by employees.
NOTE.--Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding.
For 1997, personal income for the Nation was revised up $171.5
billion, or 2.5 percent, to $6,942.1 billion. The reclassification of
government employee retirement plans accounted for $103.0 billion, or
1.5 percent of this revision.(14)
By region, the reclassification affected personal income for the
Far West and Southeast regions the most, and it affected the New England
region the least. By State, it affected personal income in Alaska the
most--a 6.5 percent upward revision--and New Hampshire and New York, the
least--a 0.6 percent upward revision.
Revisions to the estimates for 1998.--Personal income for the
Nation for 1998 was revised up $193.4 billion, or 2.7 percent, to
$7,351.5 billion. The revisions to State personal income for 1998
reflected both the methodological improvements and the incorporation of
newly available source data.
The Great Lakes and Southeast regions accounted for nearly half of
the upward revision to U.S. personal income for 1998. The Southeast
region accounted for 27.4 percent of the U.S. revision; the revisions
for all the States in this region except Alabama and Virginia exceeded
the U.S. revision of 2.7 percent. The Great Lakes region accounted for
21.4 percent of the U.S. revision; the revisions for all five States in
this region exceeded the U.S. revision. The Mideast region, which
accounted for 18.9 percent of U.S. personal income, accounted for only
9.7 percent of the U.S. revision; the revisions for all five States and
for the District of Columbia were less than the U.S. revision.
The revisions for six States and for the District of Columbia
differed by more than 3.0 percentage points from the U.S. revision.
Personal income for four States was revised up, and for two States and
the District of Columbia, it was revised down (table H).
Table H.--Revisions to Personal Income by Component for Selected
States for 1998
[Percent change]
Total Wages and Other labor
personal salaries(1) income(1)
income
United States 2.7 -.1 1.5
Alaska 8.2 0 4.3
Nevada 6.5 0 1.9
Minnesota 5.8 -.2 .8
South Dakota 5.8 -.1 1.5
Connecticut -1.0 0 .9
Delaware -1.8 -.4 1.2
District of Columbia -2.8 -.2 18.8
Nonfarm Farm Dividends,
proprietors' proprietors' interest,
income income and rent
United States 0.5 0 2.7
Alaska -.2 0 6.9
Nevada .2 -.1 6.6
Minnesota 0 .1 6.1
South Dakota -1.3 .3 6.5
Connecticut -.2 0 -.4
Delaware -3.9 -.1 1.3
District of Columbia -.6 0 .9
Personal
Transfer contributions Residence
payments for social adjustments(2)
insurance(1)
United States -2.3 0.4 0
Alaska -4.1 1.3 -.1
Nevada -2.4 .2 0
Minnesota -1.5 .6 .1
South Dakota -2.0 .7 .1
Connecticut -1.6 .3 -.1
Delaware -2.0 .3 1.8
District of Columbia -7.6 1.8 -15.9
(1.) Wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, and
personal contributions for social insurance by employees, which account
for most of the total contributions, are estimated by place of work. For
the derivation of personal income, the net sum of these components
t:wages plus other labor income less personal contributions) is
converted to a place-of-residence basis through the addition of the
adjustment for residence, which is not calculated for each component.
(2.) The revisions to the adjustment for residence mainly reflect
the revisions to the estimates of wage and salary disbursements, other
labor income and persona contributions for social insurance by
employees.
NOTE.--The revisions to the estimates of personal income for these
States are more than 3.0 percentage points greater than, or less than,
the revision to the national estimate. Estimates may not add to totals
because of rounding.
For 1998, personal income for Alaska had the largest percent
revision, up 8.2 percent, or $1.3 billion. The components with the
largest upward revisions to personal income were dividends, interest,
and rent (6.9 percent) and other labor income (4.3 percent). These
revisions more than offset a 4.1-percent downward revision to personal
income that was caused by transfer payments. These revisions were mainly
due to the reclassification of government employee retirement plans;
government and government enterprises account for a much larger
proportion of economic activity in Alaska than in most States.
Personal income for Nevada, Minnesota, and South Dakota was revised
up, mainly because of upward revisions to dividends, interest, and rent.
Nevada also had a substantial upward revision to other labor income.
For Connecticut, personal income was revised down as a result of
downward revisions to dividends, interest, and rent and to nonfarm
proprietors' income. Connecticut was the only State to have a
downward revision to dividends, interest, and rent, primarily reflecting
the incorporation of IRS data on dividends from S-corporations.
For Delaware, personal income was revised down as a result of a
sharp downward revision to nonfarm proprietors' income in the
chemicals and allied products manufacturing industry, which accounts for
a large proportion of economic activity in Delaware.
For the District of Columbia, personal income was revised down as a
result of an especially large downward revision to transfer payments.
The large downward revision reflected the many government retirees who
live in the District of Columbia and whose benefits from government
retirement plans are no longer treated as government transfer payments.
In addition, the upward revision to dividends, interest, and rent was
small because downward revisions due to the incorporation of IRS data
for personal interest income offset the upward revisions from the
reclassification of government employee retirement plans.
Revisions to the ranking by per capita personal income for
1998.--By region, the revisions to personal income changed the ranking
of the Southeast and Southwest regions. The Southwest region, at
$24,551, now has the lowest per capita personal income, followed by the
Southeast region, at $24,605. The New England region, at $32,373, still
has the highest per capita personal income (table I).
Table I.--Revisions to Per Capita Personal Income for 1998
Dollars
State and Region
Previously Revised
published
United States 26,482 27,203
Alabama 21,500 22,054
Alaska 25,771 27,835
Arizona 23,152 24,206
Arkansas 20,393 21,167
California 27,579 28,163
Colorado 28,821 29,994
Connecticut 37,700 37,338
Delaware 29,932 29,383
District of Columbia 37,325 36,415
Florida 25,922 26,845
Georgia 25,106 25,839
Hawaii 26,210 26,759
Idaho 21,080 22,079
Illinois 28,976 29,853
Indiana 24,302 25,163
Iowa 24,007 24,745
Kansas 25,049 25,537
Kentucky 21,551 22,183
Louisiana 21,385 22,206
Maine 23,002 23,499
Maryland 30,023 30,557
Massachusetts 32,902 33,496
Michigan 25,979 26,885
Minnesota 27,667 29,263
Mississippi 18,998 19,776
Missouri 24,447 25,150
Montana 20,247 21,229
Nebraska 24,786 25,924
Nevada 27,360 29,200
New Hampshire 29,219 29,480
New Jersey 339,531 34,383
New Mexico 200,081 21,164
New York 31,679 32,108
North Carolina 24,122 25,181
North Dakota 21,708 22,892
Ohio 25,239 26,073
Oklahoma 21,056 21,964
Oregon 24,775 25,912
Pennsylvania 26,889 27,469
Rhode 26,924 28,262
South Carolina 21,387 22,372
South Dakota 22,201 23,715
Tennessee 23,615 24,437
Texas 25,028 25,369
Utah 21,096 22,240
Vermont 24,217 24,602
Virginia 27,489 28,063
Washington 28,066 28,719
West Virginia 19,373 20,185
Wisconsin 25,184 26,284
Wyoming 23,225 24,312
BEA regions
New England 32,007 32,373
Mideast 30,652 31,100
Great Lakes 26,290 27,187
Plains 25,126 26,118
Southeast 23,793 24,605
Southwest 23,985 24,551
Rocky Mountain 24,668 25,783
Far West 27,367 28,068
Rank
State and Region
Previously Revised
published
United States ... ...
Alabama 40 44
Alaska 20 16
Arizona 35 35
Arkansas 46 47
California 12 14
Colorado 9 6
Connecticut 1 1
Delaware 6 9
District of Columbia ... ...
Florida 19 19
Georgia 23 25
Hawaii 17 20
Idaho 44 43
Illinois 8 7
Indiana 29 29
Iowa 32 31
Kansas 24 26
Kentucky 39 42
Louisiana 42 41
Maine 36 37
Maryland 5 5
Massachusetts 3 3
Michigan 18 18
Minnesota 11 10
Mississippi 50 50
Missouri 28 30
Montana 47 46
Nebraska 26 23
Nevada 14 11
New Hampshire 7 8
New Jersey 2 2
New Mexico 48 48
New York 4 4
North Carolina 31 28
North Dakota 38 38
Ohio 21 22
Oklahoma 45 45
Oregon 27 24
Pennsylvania 16 17
Rhode 15 13
South Carolina 41 39
South Dakota 37 38
Tennessee 33 33
Texas 25 27
Utah 43 40
Vermont 30 32
Virginia 13 15
Washington 10 12
West Virginia 49 49
Wisconsin 22 21
Wyoming 34 34
BEA regions
New England 1 1
Mideast 2 2
Great Lakes 4 4
Plains 5 5
Southeast 8 7
Southwest 7 8
Rocky Mountain 6 6
Far West 3 3
By State, Alabama and Alaska had the largest shifts in ranking.
Alabama shifted from 40th to 44th, and Alaska shifted from 20th to 16th.
Nine other States had shifts of three places in the ranking.
The rankings of the top five States were unchanged; Connecticut, at
$37,338, still has the highest per capita personal income of any State.
There was only one change from the previously published top 10 rankings:
Washington shifted from 10th to 12th, and Minnesota shifted from 11th to
10th.
There were two changes from the previously published bottom 10
rankings: Kentucky, which was ranked 39th, is now ranked 42nd; Alabama,
which was ranked 40th, is now ranked 44th; South Carolina, which was
ranked 41st, is now ranked 39th; and Utah, which was ranked 43rd, is now
ranked 40th. Mississippi, at $19,776, still has the lowest per capita
personal income of any State.
Tables 1 to 7 follow.
Acknowledgments
The comprehensive revision of State personal income was prepared by
the Regional Economic Measurement Division under the direction of Robert L. Brown, Chief. Hugh W. Knox, Associate Director for Regional
Economics, provided general guidance. The preparation of the revised
estimates was a divisionwide effort.
The estimates of nonfarm wages and salaries and other labor income
were prepared by the Regional Wage Branch under the supervision of
Sharon C. Carnevale, Chief. Major responsibilities were assigned to
Elizabeth P. Cologer, Lisa C. Ninomiya, Michael G. Pilot, John A.
Rusinko, and James M. Scott. Contributing staff members were Susan P.
Den Herder, Lisa B. Emerson, John D. Laffman, Lela S. Lester, Russell C.
Lusher, Richard A. Lutyk, Paul K. Medzerian, Mauricio Ortiz, Michael
Phillips, Adrienne T. Pilot, Curtis Roberson, Victor A. Sahadachny,
Elizabeth F. Stell, and Jaime Zenzano.
The quarterly estimates of State personal income and the annual
estimates of farm wages and salaries and other labor income and of
proprietors' income, property income, transfer payments, personal
contributions for social insurance, and the adjustment for residence
were prepared by the Regional Income Branch under the supervision of
James M. Zavrel, Chief. Major responsibilities were assigned to Charles A. Jolley, Marian B. Sacks, and James P. Stehle. Contributing staff
members were Elaine M. Briccetti, Carrie L. Case, Daniel R. Corrin, Toan
A. Ly, W. Tim McKeel, Jeffrey L. Newman, Suet M. Ng, Matthew A. von
Kerczek, Ellen M. Wright, and Marianne A. Ziver.
The estimates of personal tax and nontax payments were prepared by
Ann E. Dunbar under the supervision of Robert L. Brown.
The public use tabulations and data files were assembled and the
tables and text for this publication were prepared by the Regional
Economic Information System Branch under the supervision of Kathy A.
Albetski, Chief. Gary V. Kennedy guided the preparation of the materials
for the publication. Contributing staff members were H Steven Dolan,
Michael J. Paris, Albert Silverman, Nancy E. Smith, Callan S. Swenson,
Monique B. Tyes, and Mary C. Williams.
The section of this article on the revised estimates was written by
Robert L. Brown, Kathy A. Albetski, Jeffrey L. Newman, and Adrienne T.
Pilot. The section on the preliminary quarterly and annual estimates of
State personal income for 1999 was written by Duke Tran of the Regional
Economic Analysis Division.
(1.) See Eugene R Seskin, "Improved Estimates of the National
Income and Product Accounts for 1959-98: Results of the Comprehensive
Revision," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 79 (December 1999): 15-43;
Brent R. Moulton and Eugene P. Seskin, "A Preview of the 1999
Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts:
Statistical Changes," SURVEY 79 (October 1999): 6-17; Brent R.
Moulton and David F. Sullivan, "A Preview of the 1999 Comprehensive
Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts: New and Redesigned
Tables," SURVEY 79 (September 1999): 15-28; and Brent R. Moulton,
Robert P. Parker, and Eugene R Seskin, "A Preview of the 1999
Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts:
Definitional and Classificational Changes," SURVEY 79 (August
1999): 7-20.
(2.) For a detailed description of the sources and methods used to
prepare the State personal income estimates, see U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, State Personal Income,
1929-97(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, May 1999), or
go to BEA's Web site at <www.bea.doc.gov>, select
methodologies, select regional programs, and then select State Personal
Income, 1929-97.
(3.) The District of Columbia is treated as a State in State
personal income, but it is not included in the rankings of per capita
personal income.
(4.) Per capita personal income is the annual personal income of
residents divided by resident population as of July 1.
(5.) The preliminary annual estimates of State personal income for
1999 are derived from the average of the estimates of personal income
for the four quarters of 1999. The estimate of U.S. personal income -the
sum of the estimates of personal income for the States--differs slightly
from the estimate of personal income in the NIPA's because of
differences in coverage and in the timing of the availability of source
data.
(6.) Net earnings are calculated as earnings by place of work less
personal contributions for social insurance plus an adjustment that
converts these earnings to a place-of-residence basis. Earnings by place
of work is the sum of wage and salary disbursements (payrolls), other
labor income, and proprietors' income.
(7.) These apportionments are consistent with the numbers of
current employees and retirees who participate in the plans.
(8.) In both the national and the State estimates, this investment
income is now classified as part of dividends, monetary interest, and
monetary rent; previously it was classified as personal interest income.
(9.) Directors' fees paid to employees who serve on their
company's board of directors are classified as wages and salaries.
(10.) In this comprehensive revision, the NIPA estimates of farm
proprietors' income were improved by adopting the State farm
proprietors' income methodology. This change in the NIPA's
eliminates the difference between the two series.
(11.) Net labor earnings are wage and salary disbursements plus
other labor income minus personal contributions for social insurance by
employees. No residence adjustment is required for the other components,
because they are estimated from data that are on a place-of-residence
basis.
(12.) For additional information on this coverage difference
between the NIPA's and State personal income, see the box
"Personal Income in the NIPA's and State Personal
Income."
(13.) The State estimates of these payments are derived as total
tax liability less social security and medicare tax payments by the
self-employed and the nonrefundable portion of the earned income tax
credit.
(14.) This amount differs slightly from that presented in the table
"Revisions to Personal Income and Its Disposition" in the
December 1999 SURVEY (page 27) for the NIPA's, because of an
adjustment to the State estimates for Federal workers stationed abroad
and because of a small amount of personal interest income that is not
estimated separately by State.
Release Schedule for the Revised State and Local Area Estimates
The first stage of the comprehensive revisions of State and local
area personal income was completed with the release of the State
estimates for 1969-98 on May 17, 2000. The revised estimates of local
area personal income for counties and metropolitan areas for 1969-98
that will incorporate the results of the comprehensive revisions of the
NIPA's and of State personal income will be released on June 15,
2000, and will be published in the July 2000 issue of the SURVEY OF
CURRENT BUSINESS. The comprehensive revision of State personal income
will be completed this fall with the release of the revised annual
estimates for 1929-68.
This schedule represents a significant acceleration in the
availability of State and local area estimates of personal income that
are consistent with the comprehensive revision of the NIPA estimates:
The comprehensive revision of the State estimates is available nearly
half a year sooner than previous comprehensive revisions, and the local
area estimates, about a year sooner.
In addition to these releases, the revised estimates of gross state
product for 1977-98 will be released this fall.
Personal Income in the NIPA's and State Personal Income
The main differences between the national income and product
accounts (NIPA's) estimates of personal income and the State
estimates of personal income stem from the treatment of the income of
U.S. residents who are working abroad and the treatment of the income of
foreign residents who are working in the United States. The national
total of the State estimates of personal income consists of only the
income earned by persons who live within the United States, including
foreign residents working in the United States.
The measure of personal income in the NIPA's is broader. It
includes the earnings of Federal civilian and military personnel
stationed abroad and of U.S. residents on foreign assignment for less
than a year, and it includes the investment income that is received by
Federal retirement plans of Federal workers stationed abroad. Earnings
of foreign residents are included only if they live and work in the
United States for a year or more.
The NIPA estimate of transfer payments, unlike the State estimates,
also includes the unemployment benefits that are paid by State
employment security agencies to individuals who live in outlying U.S.
areas, mainly in Puerto Rico. The State estimates are adjusted to remove
these payments.
The annual estimates of personal income in the NIPA's also
differ from the national totals of State personal income because of
differences in the timing of the availability of source data. According
to the preliminary 1999 estimates, the national total of State personal
income increased 5.8 percent; the estimate of personal income in the
NIPA's increased 5.9 percent. The 0.1-percentage-point, or $8
billion, difference primarily reflects the incorporation of newly
available source data for farm proprietors' income into the State
estimates.
Each spring, the preliminary annual estimate of farm
proprietors' income incorporates newly available annual State data
from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The estimate decreased
$0.7 billion in 1999 from 1998; in contrast, the NIPA estimate, which is
based on previously reported monthly data from the USDA, increased $6.2
billion. In addition, as part of the procedure for preparing the
national control totals that are used for the State estimates for the
most recent year, the annual NIPA estimate of wage and salary
disbursements is compared with an alternative annual estimate.(1) This
year, the two annual estimates did not differ significantly, so the NIPA
estimate was used to develop the annual national control totals for the
State estimates for 1999.
Revised NIPA estimates of personal income for 1997-99 will be
released at the end of July. These revised estimates will incorporate
tabulations of wages and salaries of employees covered by unemployment
insurance (UI) for all four quarters of 1999, the most recent annual
USDA data on farm proprietors' income for 1999, and other source
data that are more complete, more detailed, and otherwise more
appropriate than those previously incorporated.
In July, as part of the regular revision of the quarterly estimates
of State personal income, the 1999 State estimates will also be revised
to incorporate the fourth-quarter 1999 UI tabulations.
Relation of National and State Estimates of Personal Income
[Billions of dollars]
1996 1997 1998
Personal income, NIPA's 6,547.4 6,951.1 7,358.9
Less adjustments for:
Coverage differences 9.2 8.9 8.9
Federal workers abroad 14.3 14.5 14.8
Wage and salary disbursements 9.5 9.6 9.8
Other labor income 4.4 4.4 4.5
Dividends, interest, and rent(1) .9 1.0 1.0
Less: Personal contributions
for social insurance .5 .5 .5
Rest-of-the-world(2) -5.2 -5.7 -5.9
Transfer payments to persons(3) .1 .1 0
Use of more current source data .1 .1 -1.5
Wage and salary disbursements .1 .2 -.8
Farm proprietors' income 0 -.1 -.7
Equals: State personal income 6,538.1 6,942.1 7,351.5
(1) Consists of the investment income received by federal
retirement plans that is attributed to federal workers stationed abroad.
(2) Consists of the wages and salaries received by US residents
working temporarily (less than a year) abroad and foreign residents
working temporarily in the United States.
(3) Consists of unemployment benefits paid by State employment
security agencies to outlying areas of the United States, mainly in
Puerto Rico.
NIPA National income and product accounts
(1.) The NIPA estimate is primarily based on national data from the
monthly Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) establishment survey; the
alternative estimate is primarily based on BLS tabulations of the wages
and salaries of employees covered by unemployment insurance for the
first three quarters of the year and on a BEA estimate for the fourth
quarter. For more detailed information, see NIPA table 8.27 on page 131
of the December 1999 SURVEY and "Sources and Methods for the
Quarterly Estimates of State Personal Income" in State Personal
Income, 1929-97 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, May
1999): M-39-M-42; or go to <www.bea.doc.gov>, select
methodologies, regional, and then State Personal Income, 1929-97.
Alternative Measures of Household Income
Three of the most widely used measures of household income are
BEA's measure of personal income, the Census Bureau's measure
of money income, and the Internal Revenue Service's measure of
adjusted gross income of individuals.(1)
Personal income, in general, is a more comprehensive measure.
Personal income is defined as the sum of wage and salary disbursements,
other labor income, proprietors' income with inventory and capital
consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital
consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest
income, and transfer payments to persons, less personal contributions
for social insurance. These measures include incomes of individuals,
nonprofit institutions that primarily serve individuals, private
noninsured welfare funds, and private trust funds. Proprietors'
income is treated in its entirety as received by individuals. Life
insurance carriers and noninsured pension plans are not counted as
persons, but their income (and saving) is credited to persons.
The national measure of personal income differs slightly from the
State and local area measure. The rational measure includes, but the
State and local area measure excludes, the labor earnings of U.S.
residents who are temporarily working and living abroad (mainly Federal
Government employees).
Money income consists of income in cash and its equivalents that is
received by individuals, and it excludes employer contributions to
government employee retirement plans and to private health and pension
funds, lump-sum payments except those received as part of earnings,
certain in-kind transfer payments such as medicaid, medicare, and food
stamps and imputed income.(2) Money income includes, but personal income
excludes, personal contributions for social insurance, retirement income
from government employee retirement plans and from private pensions and
annuities, and income from interpersonal transfers, such as child
support.
Adjusted gross income consists of the taxable income of individuals
who filed a Federal income tax return. It includes, but personal income
excludes, personal contributions for social insurance, gains and losses
on the sale of assets, and retirement income from government employee
retirement plans and from private pensions and annuities. Adjusted gross
income excludes, but personal income includes, the income of the
recipients of taxable incomes who, legally or illegally, did not file an
individual tax return.(3)
In addition, the presentation of personal income differs from that
of money income. Personal income at the national, State, and local area
levels is presented annually on a per capita basis. Money income at the
national and State levels is presented annually both on a per capita
basis and on a median basis.(4)
As part of personal income, BEA prepares estimates of wage and
salary disbursements by State and county. The Census Bureau and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) also prepare county-level estimates of
wages and salaries.(5)
The Census Bureau's County Business Patterns (CBP) employment
and payroll data are an annual extension of the quinquennial economic
censuses; the data are derived from Federal administrative records and
from surveys of business establishments. The data exclude agricultural
production employees, household employees, and most government
employees.(6)
The BLS county wage data are received from the Covered Employment
and Wages, or ES-202, program, a Federal-State cooperative program; the
data are derived from tabulations of monthly employment and quarterly
total wages of workers who are covered by State unemployment insurance
(UI) and of Federal workers who are covered by the unemployment
compensation for Federal employees (UCFE) program. The BLS data include
civilian government and some agricultural production employees and
household employees.
The BLS data account for 95 percent of the wage and salary
component of BEA's estimates of personal income. The remainder
consists of adjustments that BEA makes to account for employment and
wages not covered, or not fully covered, by the State UI and UCFE
programs.(7)
(1.) For additional information, see the Census Bureau's
annual publication Money Income in the United States; the Internal
Revenue Service's annual publication Statistics of
Income--Individual Income Tax Returns;, and Thae S. Park,
"Comparison of BEA Estimates of Personal Income and IRS Estimates
of Adjusted Gross Income: New Estimates for 1997 and Revised Estimates
for 1959-96," SURVEY 80 (February 2000): 12-23.
(2.) For a description of the imputations included in personal
income, see table 8.21 "Imputations in the National Income and
Product Accounts,' SURVEY 80 (April 2000): 119-120.
(3.) For additional information, see NIPA table 8.28
"Comparison of Personal Income in the NIPA's with Adjusted
Gross Income as Published by the Internal Revenue Service," SURVEY
80 (April 2000): 122.
(4.) For local areas, the most recent estimates of money income on
a per capita basis are those for 1989, and on a median household basis,
those for 1995.
(5.) For a complete description of the differences between the
three sources of wages, see the box "Alternative Measures of County
Employment and Wages," SURVEY 79 (May 1999): 53.
(6.) The CBP data cover only government employees who work in
government hospitals, depository institutions, Federal and federally
sponsored credit agencies, liquor stores, and wholesale liquor
establishments.
(7.) See table 8.27 "Relation of Wages and Salaries in the
National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA's) to Wages and Salaries
as Published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)," SURVEY 80
(April 2000): 122.
Data Availability
This article presents a summary of the estimates of personal
income, per capita personal income, disposable personal income, and per
capita disposable personal income for 1969-99, estimates of personal
income by major source and earnings by industry for 1993-98 and earnings
by major industry for 1999, estimates of personal income for the first
quarter of 1997 through the fourth quarter of 1999, and estimates of
personal income by major source and earnings by major industry for the
second quarter of 1998 through the fourth quarter of 1999.
The detailed State estimates are available on a new CD-ROM. To
order the CD-ROM State Personal Income, 1969-98 (price $35, product
number RCN-0249), call the Order Desk at 1-800-704-0415 (outside the
United States, call 202-606-9666).
The estimates are also available on BEA's Web site; go to
<www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/spi/recent.htm>, and look for the
annual State estimates that are organized in the following files.
* Summary personal income and disposable personal income (which
includes per capita personal income, per capita disposable personal
income, and population) for 1969-99
* Personal income by major source and earnings by industry
(Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) two digit) for 1969-98
* Wage and salary disbursements by industry (SIC two digit) for
1969-98
* Total full-time and part-time employment by industry (SIC two
digit) for 1969-98
* Full-time and part-time wage and salary employment by industry
(SIC two digit) for 1969-98
* State economic profiles (which include a selection of data from
several of the other tables and component detail for dividends,
interest, and rent) for 1969-98
* Transfer payments (by major program) for 1969-98
* Farm income and expenses (which include the major categories of
gross receipts and expenses for all farms and for measures of farm
income) for 1969-98
* Personal tax and nontax payments (by level of government and by
type) for 1969-98
Go to <www.bea.doc.gov/bea/regional/sq/sq.htm>, and look for
the quarterly State estimates for 1969-99 that are organized in the
following files.
* Quarterly personal income
* Personal income by major source and earnings by major industry
(SIC division level)
* Wage and salary disbursements by major industry (SIC division
level)
For more information about these estimates, call the Regional
Economic Information System at 202-606-5360, fax 202-606-5322, or E-mail
<reis.remd@bea.doc.gov>.
