Comprehensive Revision of Local Area Personal Income.

Newman, Jeffrey L. ; Albetski, Kathy A. ; Brown, Robert L. 等

Revised Estimates for 1969-97 New Estimates for 1998

ON JUNE 15, 2000, the Bureau of Economic Analysis released the results of a comprehensive, or benchmark, revision of personal income for local areas. In general, the estimates for local areas for 1969-97 were revised up, primarily reflecting the incorporation of major definitional and statistical improvements that were introduced as part of the recent comprehensive revision of State personal income and the comprehensive revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPA's).(1) The upward revisions were mainly accounted for by the incorporation of the NIPA definitional change that reclassified government employee retirement plans. Although this change raises personal income for all years, it does not affect the national estimates of gross domestic product, gross domestic income, or national income.

The incorporation of the results of comprehensive revisions of State personal income and of the NIPA's represents a significant acceleration in the availability of local area estimates that are consistent with State personal income and the NIPA's; these estimates are available about a year sooner than previous comprehensive revisions. (See the box "Release Schedule for the Revised State and Local Area Estimates.")

A comprehensive revision of estimates of personal income for local areas, which is made every 4 or 5 years, also incorporates newly available benchmark source data, improved methods for preparing the estimates, and newly available local area data that consist of quarterly data, annual data, and data that are available less frequently--for example, data from the most recent quinquennial census of agriculture.(2)

The highlights are the following:

* For 1998, the growth rates of the 10 metropolitan areas with the fastest personal income growth were at least 3.4 percentage points higher than the 5.9-percent growth rate of the Nation; the growth rates of the 10 areas with the slowest growth were at least 3.2 percentage points lower than the growth rate of the Nation.

* For 1998, personal income grew the fastest, at 15.1 percent, in Austin-San Marcos, TX, and it grew the slowest, at 0.4 percent, in Florence, AL.

* For 1998, San Francisco, CA, at $45,199, had the highest per capita personal income, 166 percent of the per capita personal income for the Nation. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX, at $12,759, had the lowest per capita personal income, 47 percent of the national average.

* For 1991-97, the comprehensive revision had little effect on growth rates. The rankings of the fastest and the slowest growing metropolitan areas changed little. Las Vegas, NV-AZ, at 10.6 percent, still has the fastest growth rate, and Binghamton, NY, at 2.2 percent, still has the slowest growth rate.

* For 1997, personal income for more than 90 percent of all metropolitan areas was revised up, mainly reflecting the reclassification of government employee retirement plans.

This article presents the preliminary estimates of local area personal income and per capita personal income for 1998, and it describes the sources of the revisions to the estimates for 1969-97 and the effects of the revisions on the estimates for metropolitan areas. The local areas consist of counties, metropolitan areas, and BEA economic areas (see the box "Definitions of Local Areas"). The estimates for 1996-98 are presented in tables 1-3 at the end of this article; for the availability of additional estimates, see the box "Data Availability."

Personal income and per capita personal income for metropolitan areas for 1998

Austin-San Marcos, TX, and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA, had the fastest rates of growth in personal income in 1998. Personal income grew 15.1 percent in Austin-San Marcos and 10.4 percent in Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, substantially faster than the 5.9-percent growth of the Nation. The rapid growth of personal income reflected large increases in net earnings: For Austin-San Marcos, it reflected large increases in earnings in industrial machinery and equipment manufacturing and in wholesale trade; for Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, it reflected large increases in earnings in business services.

Fastest and slowest growing areas.--In 1998, the growth rates of the 10 metropolitan areas with the fastest personal income growth were at least 3.4 percentage points higher than the 5.9-percent growth rate of the Nation (table A). In eight of the fastest growing areas, their population grew faster than that of the Nation. In 4 of the 10 areas, the population was more than 1 million in 1998, whereas less than 20 percent of all the metropolitan areas have populations of more than a million.

Table A.--Personal Income for Metropolitan Areas for 1998: Areas with the Fastest and Slowest Growth

 Personal income

 Millions of dollars Percent change

 1997 1998 1996-97 1997-98

United Sates 6,942,114 7,351,547 6.2 5.9

 Fastest growing areas

Austin-San Marcos, TX 27,912 32,130 11.4 15.1
Seattle-Bellevue-
 Everett, WA 77,181 85,191 10.6 10.4
St Cloud, MN 3,332 36,701 3.3 10.1
Boulder-Longmont, CO 8,746 9,619 10.3 10.0
Kenosha, WI 3,391 3,730 7.8 10.0
Fort Collins-Loveland,
 CO 5,818 6,380 9.2 9.7
Yuma, AZ 2,200 2,411 6.2 9.6
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 71,417 78,210 9.9 9.5
Greeley, CO 3,180 3,478 7.3 9.4
Dallas, TX 94,986 103,788 9.0 9.3

 Slowest growing areas

Florence, AL 2,875 2,887 3.9 .4
Flint, MI 10,258 10,433 1.8 1.7
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana,
 AR 2,492 2,535 5.5 1.7
Honolulu, HI 24,570 24,994 2.7 1.7
New London-Norwich, CT 7,257 7,392 5.3 1.9
Lansing-East Lansing, MI 10,690 10,909 4.9 2.0
Benton Harbor, MI 3,776 3,874 7.2 2.6
Bremerton, WA 5,210 5,347 6.4 2.6
Yolo, CA 3,851 3,954 5.6 2.7
Youngstown-Warren, OH 13,339 13,693 4.9 2.7

 Population

 Thousands Percent change

 1997 1998 1996-97 1997-98

United Sates 267,784 270,248 1.0 0.9

 Fastest growing areas

Austin-San Marcos, TX 1,068 1,105 3.1 3.5
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA 2,272 2,312 2.1 1.8
St Cloud, MN 162 163 1.3 .6
Boulder-Longmont, CO 261 267 1.6 2.3
Kenosha, WI 143 144 1.4 .7
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 225 231 1.8 2.7
Yuma, AZ 129 132 3.2 2.3
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 2,841 2,931 3.2 3.2
Greeley, CO 156 160 3.3 2.6
Dallas, TX 3,117 3,203 2.8 2.8

 Slowest growing areas

Florence, AL 137 137 0 0
Flint, MI 435 436 0 .2
Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR 123 123 0 0
Honolulu, HI 873 872 .1 -.1
New London-Norwich, CT 250 247 -.8 -1.2
Lansing-East Lansing, MI 450 450 .2 0
Benton Harbor, MI 160 160 -.6 0
Bremerton, WA 233 233 1.3 0
Yolo, CA 151 153 1.3 1.3
Youngstown-Warren, OH 596 593 -.5 -.5

The growth rates of the 10 slowest growing metropolitan areas in 1998 were at least 3.2 percentage points lower than the growth rate of the Nation. All of these areas had populations less than 1 million, and in nine of these areas,

population grew slower than that of the Nation.

Highest and lowest per capita personal income.--In 8 of the 10 metropolitan areas with the highest per capita personal income in 1998, both personal income and population were large (table B). In 1998, San Francisco, CA, at $45,199, had the highest per capita personal income.

Table B.--Metropolitan Areas with the Highest and Lowest Per Capita Personal Income for 1998

 Per capita personal income

 Percent
 1997 1998 change

 1997 1998 1997-98

United States 25,924 27,203 4.9

 Highest per capita personal income

San Francisco, CA 42,706 45,199 5.8
Naples, FL 41,913 42,813 2.1
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury- 40,383 42,346 4.9
 Waterbury, CT
San Jose, CA 37,974 40,828 7.5
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 38,272 40,044 4.6
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 37,057 39,750 7.3
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 36,473 38,414 5.3
Trenton, NJ 35,557 37,551 5.6
Nassau-Suffolk, NY 35,878 37,381 4.2
Newark, NJ 35,172 37,136 5.6

 Lowest per capita personal income

Auburn-Opelika, AL 18,529 18,831 1.6
Yuma, AZ 17,047 18,277 7.2
Provo-Orem, UT 17,189 17,956 4.5
Memed, CA 17,337 17,732 2.3
Sumter, SC 16,650 17,294 3.9
Las Cruces, NM 15,832 16,599 4.8
El Paso, TX 15,751 16,359 3.9
Laredo, TX 13,508 13,870 2.7
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX 13,210 13,766 4.2
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 12,330 12,759 3.5

 Population

 Percent
 1997 1998 change

 1997 1998 1997-98

United States 267,784 270,248 0.9

 Highest per capita personal income

San Francisco, CA 1,671 1,683 .7
Naples, FL 193 200 3.6
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury- 1,626 1,630 .2
 Waterbury, CT
San Jose, CA 1,622 1,642 1.2
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 1,015 1,033 1.8
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 1,334 1,337 .2
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 1,105 1,117 1.1
Trenton, NJ 330 331 .3
Nassau-Suffolk, NY 2,659 2,672 .5
Newark, NJ 1,943 1,948 .3

 Lowest per capita personal income

Auburn-Opelika, AL 98 100 2.0
Yuma, AZ 129 132 2.3
Provo-Orem, UT 329 340 3.3
Memed, CA 194 197 1.5
Sumter, SC 111 112 .9
Las Cruces, NM 166 169 1.8
El Paso, TX 685 695 1.5
Laredo, TX 180 187 3.9
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX 318 324 1.9
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 504 520 3.2

In 1998, per capita personal income for 9 of the 10 metropolitan areas with the lowest per capita personal income increased less than the national increase. In six of the areas, the population was less than 200,000. In all these areas, the growth in population was more than, or was equal to, the national increase of 0.9 percent. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX, at $12,759, had the lowest per capita personal income.

Sources of the Revisions

The comprehensive revision of the estimates of local area personal income incorporated the definitional and classificational changes and the statistical changes that were introduced as part of the comprehensive revision of the estimates of State personal income.(3) However, some of the changes to the sources and methods that were incorporated into the State estimates involve detailed estimation that cannot be replicated at the local area level, because the underlying source data are not available for local areas; these changes are implicitly incorporated into the local area estimates through the use of the State estimates as the control totals for the local area estimates.

Definitional changes

The comprehensive revisions of the estimates of local area personal income incorporate the following definitional and classificational changes: The reclassification of government employee retirement plans; the modified treatment of private noninsured pension plans; the reclassification of directors' fees; and the reclassification of special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC).

In some cases, the State estimates were allocated to the counties by related source data. The following series could not replicate the State estimating procedures because county data for these items are not available: For employer contributions for State and local government employees, the State controls are allocated to the counties in proportion to State and local government wages and salaries by place-of-work; for dividends and interest received by State and local government employee retirement plans, the State controls are allocated to the counties by State and local government wages and salaries by place-of-residence; for WIC benefits, the State controls are allocated to the counties by family assistance payments.

Statistical changes

This comprehensive revision incorporates the statistical changes that were introduced as part of the comprehensive revision of State personal income. However, in some cases, the State estimating procedures could not be replicated, because county data for these items were not available. The improved State estimates of employer contributions for workers' compensation insurance were allocated to counties on the basis of private wages and salaries; the State estimates of dividends for S-corporations are allocated to counties on the basis of tabulations of dividends received by individuals from the IRS, and the State estimates of the payments for foster care are distributed to counties on the basis of civilian population.(4)

Revisions to Metropolitan Area Personal Income

The comprehensive revision resulted in large percentage revisions to the estimates of personal income for a few metropolitan areas. For all years, personal income for the Nation and for most metropolitan areas was revised up. The effects of the revisions to the national totals of the components of personal income on the estimate for each metropolitan area differed because of the differing structures of the economy of each area, but the primary source of the revisions was the reclassification of government employee retirement plans. As a result of the reclassification, other labor income, personal interest income, and personal dividend income were raised, and personal contributions for social insurance (which is subtracted in calculating personal income) and transfer payments to persons were reduced.

Revisions to long-term growth rates for 1991-97.--The average annual percent change in personal income for the United States was unrevised at 5.4 percent for 1991--the beginning of the current expansion--through 1997. The average annual percent changes in personal income were unrevised for 48 metropolitan areas, were revised up for 154 metropolitan areas, and were revised down for 114 metropolitan areas. The revisions to the growth rates in personal income ranged from an upward revision of 2.3 percentage points to a downward revision of 1.1 percentage points.

Eight of the ten metropolitan areas with the highest growth rates in personal income in the previously published estimates are ranked among the top 10 areas in the revised estimates. Las Vegas, NV-AZ, with a revised 10.6-percent growth rate, still has the highest growth rate (table C).

Table C.--Revisions to Average Annual Growth Rates in Personal Income for 1991-97

[Percent]

 1991-1997
 Pre-
 viously Revised Revision
 published

United States 5.4 5.4 0
 Areas with the fastest growth
 rates for the revised estimates
Las Vegas, NV-AZ 10.2 10.6 .4
Naples, FL 7.5 9.8 2.3
Austin-San Marcos, TX 9.3 9.3 0
Laredo, TX 9.1 9.2 .1
Boise City, ID 9.1 9.1 0
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO 8.4 8.7 .3
Killeen-Temple, TX 8.1 8.7 .6
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 8.3 8.5 .2
Boulder-Longmont, CO 7.6 8.5 .9
Provo-Orem, UT 8.5 8.4 -.1

 Areas with the slowest growth
 rates for the revised estimates

Wheeling, WV-OH 3.0 3.2 .2
Syracuse, NY 3.3 3.2 -.1
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc,
 CA 3.7 3.1 -.6
Jamestown, NY 3.3 3.1 -.2
Merced, CA 3.8 3.0 -.8
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 3.3 2.9 -.4
Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV 2.8 2.7 -.1
Honolulu, HI 3.1 2.7 -.4
Utica-Rome, NY 3.0 2.7 -.3
Pittsfield, MA 3.7 2.6 -1.1
Binghamton, NY 2.0 2.2 .2

Eight of the eleven metropolitan areas with the lowest growth rates in the previously published estimates are ranked among the bottom 11 areas in the revised estimates. Binghamton, NY, with a 2.2-percent revised growth, still has the lowest 1991-97 growth rate.

Revisions to personal income for 1997.--The upward revisions to the estimates of personal income for most local areas for 1997 largely reflected the reclassification of government employee retirement plans. This change resulted in large upward revisions to other labor income and to the dividends and interest portions of dividends, interest, and rent and in downward revisions to the estimates of transfer payments and personal contributions for social insurance (table D).

Table D.--Metropolitan Areas with the Largest Percentage Revisions in Personal Income for 1997

 Million of dollars

 Previously pub-
 lished Revised

United States 6,770,650 6,942,114

 Areas with the largest
 upward revisions

Jacksonville, NC 2,421 3,066
Naples, FL 6,969 8,082
Clarksville-
 Hopkinsville, TN-KY 3,410 3,950
Fayetteville, NC 5,742 6,621
Killeen-Temple, TX 5,348 6,086
Lawton, OK 1,993 2,211
Yolo, CA 3,519 3,851
Yuma, AZ 2,019 2,200
Lafayette, IN 3,582 3,870
Rapid City, SD 1,852 1,993
Cheyenne, WY 1,793 1,929

 Areas with the largest
 downward revisions

Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD 17,262 16,628
Odessa-Midland, TX 5,887 5,706
Pittsfield, MA 3,643 3,529
Trenton, NJ 12,070 11,729
Victoria, TX 1,888 1,856
New Haven-Bridgeport-
 Stamford-Danbury-
 Waterbury, CT 66,562 65,661
Santa Barbara-Santa
 Maria-Lompoc, CA 10,760 10,628
Richmond-Petersburg, VA 26,312 26,023
West Palm Beach-Boca
 Raton, FL 39,269 38,836
Merced, CA 3,394 3,361

 Millions of dollars

 Percent revi-
 Revision sion(1)

United States 171,464 2.5

 Areas with the largest
 upward revisions

Jacksonville, NC 645 26.6
Naples, FL 1,113 16.0
Clarksville-
 Hopkinsville, TN-KY 540 15.8
Fayetteville, NC 879 15.3
Killeen-Temple, TX 738 13.8
Lawton, OK 218 10.9
Yolo, CA 332 9.4
Yuma, AZ 181 9.0
Lafayette, IN 288 8.0
Rapid City, SD 141 7.6
Cheyenne, WY 136 7.6

 Areas with the largest
 downward revisions

Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD -634 -3.7
Odessa-Midland, TX -181 -3.1
Pittsfield, MA -114 -3.1
Trenton, NJ -341 -2.8
Victoria, TX -32 -1.7
New Haven-Bridgeport-
 Stamford-Danbury-
 Waterbury, CT -901 -1.4
Santa Barbara-Santa
 Maria-Lompoc, CA -132 -1.2
Richmond-Petersburg, VA -289 -1.1
West Palm Beach-Boca
 Raton, FL -433 -1.1
Merced, CA -33 -1.0

 Components 2

United States DIR (2,2), TP (-2.2), OLI (1.5)

 Areas with the largest
 upward revisions

Jacksonville, NC OLI (21.5), DIR (9.4), TP (-5.9)
Naples, FL DIR (13.2), AFR (2.2), NFPI (1.4),
 TP (-1.3)
Clarksville-
 Hopkinsville, TN-KY OLI (11.8), DIR (6.1), TP (-3.9)
Fayetteville, NC OLI (14.4), DIR (6.9), TP (-5.6)
Killeen-Temple, TX OLI (13.5), DIR (5.9), TP (-6.0)
Lawton, OK OLI (12.5), DIR (6.4), TP (-7.8)
Yolo, CA DIR (5.1), OLI (2.4), AFR (2.3), PCSI
 (1.3), TP(-2.5)
Yuma, AZ DIR (4.7), OLI (4.5), AFR (1.2), TP
 (-2.7), NFPI (-1.0)
Lafayette, IN DIR (6.5), OLI (1.8), TP (-1.1)
Rapid City, SD DIR (8.7), OLI (3.7), TP (-3.4),
 NFPI (-1.2)
Cheyenne, WY DIR (5.1), OLI (4.9), TP (-4.6)

 Areas with the largest
 downward revisions

Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD NFPI (-4.4), TP (-1.5), OLI (.9),
 AFR (.9)
Odessa-Midland, TX DIR (-3.3), TP (-1.2), OLI (.7)
Pittsfield, MA DIR (-3.8), TP (-1.4), OLI (1.0),
 NFPI (1.0)
Trenton, NJ AFR (-5.4), DIR (-1.7), TP (-1.7),
 OLI (4.1)
Victoria, TX TP (-1.5), DIR (-1.1), OLI (.8)
New Haven-Bridgeport-
 Stamford-Danbury-
 Waterbury, CT DIR (-1.5), TP (-1.0), OLI (.7)
Santa Barbara-Santa
 Maria-Lompoc, CA TP (-2.7), DIR (-.8), OLI (1.7)
Richmond-Petersburg, VA TP (-2.3), DIR (-.8), OLI (1.9)
West Palm Beach-Boca
 Raton, FL AFR (-1.3), TP (-1.2), DIR (-1.0),
 NFPI (1.5), OLI (.8)
Merced, CA TP (-3.4), FPI (-1.6), DIR (1.6),
 OLI (1.1)

(1.) The revision to personal income as a percent of the previously published estimate.

(2.) This column shows the revised components of personal income and the adjustment for residence that substantially contributed to the revisions to personal income. The revision is shown as a percentage of the previously published estimate of personal income for the area.

AFR Adjustment for residence

DIR Dividends, interest, and rent

FPI Farm proprietors' income

NFPI Nonfarm proprietors' income

OLI Other labor income

PCSI Personal contributions for social insurance

TP Transfer payments

Personal income for the Nation was revised up $171.5 billion, or 2.5 percent, to $6,942.1 billion. The revisions ranged between 26.6 percent for Jacksonville, NC, and -3.7 percent for Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD. In Jacksonville, which contains a large Marine Corps base, the revision largely reflected the reclassification of government employee retirement plans. Personal income was revised up for 297 areas, was revised down for 17 areas, and was unrevised for 4 areas.

Revisions to per capita personal income for 1997.--The rankings of the 10 metropolitan areas with the highest per capita personal income remained unchanged (table E). San Francisco, CA, at $42,706, still has the highest per capita personal income.

Table E.--Revisions to Per Capita Personal Income for 1997

 Dollars
 Pre-
 viously
 published Revised

United States 25,288 25,924

 Areas with the highest per
 capita personal income

San Francisco, CA 41,128 42,706
Naples, FL 36,210 41,913
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-
 Waterbury, CT 40,928 40,383
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 38,772 38,272
San Jose, CA 37,856 37,974
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 36,769 37,057
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 35,734 36,473
Nassau-Suffolk, NY 34,902 35,878
Trenton, NJ 36,598 35,557
Newark, NJ 35,038 35,172

 Areas with the lowest per
 capita personal income

Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA 17,116 17,943
Merced, CA 17,485 17,337
Provo-Orem, UT 16,567 17,189
Yuma, AZ 15,629 17,047
Sumter, SC 16,883 16,650
Las Cruces, NM 14,923 15,832
El Paso, TX 15,216 15,751
Laredo, TX 12,999 13,508
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX 12,857 13,210
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 12,005 12,330

 Rank
 Pre-
 viously
 pub-
 lished(1) Revised

United States ... ...

 Areas with the highest per
 capita personal income

San Francisco, CA 1 1
Naples, FL 7 2
New Haven-Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury-
 Waterbury, CT 2 3
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL 3 4
San Jose, CA 4 5
Bergen-Passaic, NJ 5 6
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ 8 7
Nassau-Suffolk, NY 10 8
Trenton, NJ 6 9
Newark, NJ 9 10

 Areas with the lowest per
 capita personal income

Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA 307 309
Merced, CA 305 310
Provo-Orem, UT 310 311
Yuma, AZ 311 312
Sumter, SC 309 313
Las Cruces, NM 313 314
El Paso, TX 312 315
Laredo, TX 314 316
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX 315 317
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 316 318

(1.) Auburn-Opelika, AL, and Corvallis, OR, were recognized as new metropolitan areas in June 1999, so the revised rankings now total 318 metropolitan areas instead of 316.

The ranking of 1 area in the bottom 10 changed: Merced, CA, shifted from 305th to 310th. The ranking of Jacksonville, NC, shifted from 310th to 226th. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX, at $12,330, still has the lowest per capita personal income.(5)

Release Schedule for the Revised State and Local Area Estimates

The comprehensive revision of the State and local area estimates of personal income and the incorporation of the national and State comprehensive revisions into gross state product will be completed with the following releases in the fall of 2000.

* The results of the comprehensive revision of State personal income for 1929-68

* The revised annual State estimates for 1997-99

* The revised estimates of gross state product for 1977-98

Definitions of Local Areas

Local areas consist of metropolitan areas, BEA economic areas, and counties.

The metropolitan areas are defined in terms of counties and county equivalents by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for Federal statistical purposes (see table 1).(1) These areas now include Auburn-Opelika, AL, and Corvallis, OR, which were recognized as metropolitan statistical areas by OMB in June 1999.

[TABULAR DATA 1 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]

The BEA economic areas each consist of one or more economic nodes--usually metropolitan areas--and the surrounding counties that are economically related to the node (see table 2).(2) These economic areas encompass all counties and county equivalents in the Nation.

Table 2.-- Personal Income and Per Capita Personal Income by Economic Area, 1996-98

 Personal income
 Area name and code Millions of dollars

 1996 1997

 United States(2) (000) 65,381,031 6,942,114
 BEA Economic Areas

Bangor, ME (001) 10,122 10,578
Portland, ME 002) 16,312 17,307
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-
 Brocktn, MA-NH-RI-VT (003) 219,337 235,338
Burlington, VT-NY (004) 12,361 12,946
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (005) 27,762 28,972
Syracuse, NY-PA (006) 39,307 40,788
Rochester, NY-PA (007) 34,976 36,516
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY-PA (008) 33,588 34,867
State College, PA (009) 15,627 16,372
New York-No New Jer-Long Island,
 NY-NJ-CT-PA-MA-VT (010) 768,626 810,076
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA (011) 26,352 27,696
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atl. City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD (012) 192,619 203,279
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-
 WV-PA (013) 233,636 247,023
Salisbury, MD-DE-VA (014) 6,563 6,871
Richmond-Petersburg, VA (015) 33,218 35,084
Staunton, VA-WV (016) 6,182 6,496
Roanoke, VA-NC-WV (017) 15,983 16,795
Greensboro-Winston-Salem -High
 Point, NC-VA (018) 39,907 42,096
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC (019) 39,324 42,898
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC (020) 98,662 38,310
Greenville, NC (021) 15,740 16,805
Fayetteville, NC (022) 9,724 10,268
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
 (23) 43,699 46,961
Columbia, SC (024) 18,129 19,182
Wilmington, NC-SC (025) 15,883 17,081
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
 (26) 10,847 11,544
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC (027) 11,474 12,031
Savannah, GA-SC (028) 13,198 13,918
Jacksonville, FL-GA (029) 38,358 40,874
Orlando, FL (030) 89,681 74,770
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL (031) 138,174 143,444
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL (032) 16,751 18,327
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL (033) 19,705 21,194
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
 (34) 53,581 57,542
Tallahassee, FL-GA (035) 13,420 14,126
Dothan, AL-FL-GA (036) 5,943 6,172
Albany, GA (037) 8,234 8,562
Macon, GA (038) 14,311 14,814
Columbus, GA-AL (039) 8,903 9,452
Atlanta, GA-AL-NC (040) 121,858 131,115
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC-
 NC (041) 24,711 26,219
Asheville, NC (042) 8,946 9,622
Chattanooga, TN-GA (043) 14,425 15,137
Knoxville, TN (044) 19,404 20,513
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
 (45) 10,730 11,225
Hickory-Morganton, NC-TN (046) 9,704 10,334
Lexington, KY-TN-VA-WV (047) 31,769 33,025
Charleston, WV-KY-OH (048) 22,564 23,575
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN (049) 51,792 55,388
Dayton-Springfield, OH (050) 27,172 28,768
Columbus, OH(051) 50,740 54,539
Wheeling, WV-OH (052) 6,402 6,518
Pittsburgh, PA-WV (053) 71,625 75,291
Erie, PA(054) 10,814 11,339
Cleveland-Akron, OH-PA (055) 112,179 118,343
Toledo, OH (056) 28,931 30,621
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI (057) 177,125 187,299
Northern Michigan, MI (058) 4,737 5,068
Green Bay, WI-MI (059) 13,444 14,285
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI (060) 9,573 10,188
Traverse City, MI (061) 5,261 5,646
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
 (62) 40,404 43,110
Milwaukee-Racine, WI (063) 56,319 59,933
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI
 (64) 279,701 296,670
Elkhart-Goshen, IN-MI (065) 19,672 20,841
Fort Wayne, IN (068) 15,829 16,778
Indianapolis, IN-IL (067) 68,206 71,955
Champaign-Urbana, IL (068) 13,034 13,642
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY-IL (069) 17,544 18,387
Louisville, KY-IN (070) 31,439 33,228
Nashville, TN-KY(071) 50,546 54,118
Paducah, KY-IL (072) 4,681 4,757
Memphis, TN-AR-MS-KY (073) 39,583 41,385
Huntsville, AL-TN (074) 19,770 20,655
Tupelo, MS-AL-TN (075) 10,326 10,848
Greenville, MS (076) 4,011 4,116
Jackson, MS-AL-LA (077) 25,512 26,803
Birmingham, AL (078) 33,652 35,443
Montgomery, AL (079) 9,480 9,876
Mobile, AL (080) 12,349 13,018
Pensacola, FL (081) 11,934 12,650
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS (082) 7,064 7,484
New Orleans, LA-MS (083) 36,204 38,370
Baton Rouge, LA-MS (064) 14,824 15,458
Lafayette, LA (085) 10,627 11,604
Lake Charles, LA (086) 9,732 10,183
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX (087) 8,645 9,313
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA-AR (088) 11,007 11,391
Monroe, LA (089) 6,043 6,158
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR
 (90) 30,455 32,060
Fort Smith, AR-OK (091) 5,545 5,900
Fayetteville Springdale Rogers, AR-
 MO-OK (092) 6,885 7,378
Joplin, MO-KS-OK (093) 4,707 5,022
Springfield, MO (094) 14,623 15,679
Jonesboro, AR-MO (095) 5,147 5,388
St. Louis, MO-IL (096) 84,076 89,146
Springfield, IL-MO (097) 11,236 11,824
Columbia, MO (098) 7,360 7,837
Kansas City, MO-KS (099) 56,191 59,823
Des Moines, IA-IL-MO (100) 37,249 39,250
Peoria-Pekin, IL (101) 11,755 12,477
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
 (102) 12,611 13,378
Cedar Rapids, IA (103) 8,843 9,473
Madison, WI-IL-IA (104) 21,163 22,412
La Crosse, WI-MN (105) 4,647 4,878
Rochester, MN-IA-WI (106) 7,041 7,412
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI-IA (107) 112,223 119,238
Wausau, WI (108) 9,821 10,423
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI (109) 7,273 7,645
Grand Forks, ND-MN (110) 4,901 4,664
Minot, ND (111) 2,412 2,271
Bismarck, ND-MT-SD (112) 3,435 3,448
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN (113) 7,689 7,724
Aberdeen, SD (114) 1,775 1,798
Rapid City, SD-MT-NE-ND (115) 3,885 4,080
Sioux Falls, SD-IA-MN-NE (116) 11,407 11,643
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD (117) 5,553 5,706
Omaha, NE-IA-MO (118) 25,101 26,407
Lincoln, NE (119) 8,653 8,886
Grand Island, NE (120) 6,091 6,075
North Platte, NE-CO (121) 1,235 1,264
Wichita, KS-OK (122) 25,418 27,035
Topeka, KS (123) 9,492 9,873
Tulsa, OK-KS (124) 28,180 29,849
Oklahoma City, OK (125) 32,571 34,094
Western Oklahoma, OK (126) 2,369 2,538
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-AR-OK (127) 166,679 180,765
Abilene, TX (128) 4,107 4,402
San Angelo, TX (129) 3,456 3,634
Austin-San Marcos, TX (130) 26,654 29,647
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX (131) 128,417 139,586
Corpus Christi, TX (132) 9,951 10,541
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX (133) 10,359 11,068
San Antonio, TX(134) 39,535 42,730
Odessa-Midland, TX (135) 7,598 8,267
Hobbs, NM-TX (136) 3,377 3,520
Lubbock, TX (137) 7,533 7,735
Amarillo, TX-NM (138) 9,674 10,293
Santa Fe, NM (139) 5,099 5,379
Pueblo, CO-NM(140) 4,752 5,073
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO-KS-NE
 (141) 94,636 103,448
Scottsbluff, NE-WY (142) 1,767 1,851
Casper, WY-ID-UT (143) 8,512 9,085
Billings, MT-WY (144) 7,912 8,258
Great Falls, MT (145) 3,279 3,316
Missoula, MT (146) 7,260 7,645
Spokane, WA-ID (147) 15,859 16,709
Idaho Falls, ID-WY (148) 5,549 5,766
Twin Falls, ID (149) 3,177 3,291
Boise City, ID-OR (150) 11,376 12,093
Reno, NV-CA (151) 16,281 17,337
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT-ID (152) 38,417 41,625
Las Vegas, NV-AZ-UT (153) 32,712 38,058
Flagstaff, AZ-UT(154) 6,070 6,476
Farmington, NM-CO (155) 3,173 3,394
Albuquerque, NM-AZ (156) 17,704 18,573
El Paso, TX-NM (157) 14,134 14,983
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ-NM (158) 67,287 73,843
Tucson, AZ (159) 18,358 19,307
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange Coun-
 ty, CA-AZ (160) 408,662 429,540
San Diego, CA (161) 66,403 71,126
Fresno, CA (162) 24,010 24,848
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA
 (163) 258,369 278,866
Sacramento-Yolo, CA (164) 50,081 53,256
Redding, CA-OR (165) 6,328 6,664
Eugene-Springfield, OR-CA (166) 15,543 16,556
Portland-Salem, OR-WA (167) 65,857 71,021
Pendleton, OR-WA (168) 3,599 3,768
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA (169) 12,881 13,320
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA (170) 104,676 114,827
Anchorage, AK (171) 15,762 16,433
Honolulu, HI (172) 30,393 31,278

 Personal income

 Millions Percent
 Area name and code of dollars change

 1998 1997-98

 United States(2) (000) 7,351,547 5.9
 BEA Economic Areas

Bangor, ME (001) 11,073 4.7
Portland, ME 002) 18,242 5.4
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-
 Brocktn, MA-NH-RI-VT (003) 251,018 6.7
Burlington, VT-NY (004) 13,674 5.6
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (005) 30,496 5.3
Syracuse, NY-PA (006) 42,572 4.4
Rochester, NY-PA (007) 37,874 3.7
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY-PA (008) 36,235 3.9
State College, PA (009) 17,037 4.1
New York-No New Jer-Long Island,
 NY-NJ-CT-PA-MA-VT (010) 855,312 5.6
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA (011) 29,120 5.1
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atl. City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD (012) 214,121 5.3
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-
 WV-PA (013) 261,585 5.9
Salisbury, MD-DE-VA (014) 7,262 5.7
Richmond-Petersburg, VA (015) 36,810 4.9
Staunton, VA-WV (016) 6,803 4.7
Roanoke, VA-NC-WV (017) 17,564 4.6
Greensboro-Winston-Salem -High
 Point, NC-VA (018) 44,305 5.2
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC (019) 45,612 6.3
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC (020) 39,811 3.9
Greenville, NC (021) 17,138 2.0
Fayetteville, NC (022) 10,543 2.7
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
 (23) 50,402 7.3
Columbia, SC (024) 20,339 6.0
Wilmington, NC-SC (025) 17,968 5.1
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
 (26) 12,318 6.7
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC (027) 12,660 5.2
Savannah, GA-SC (028) 14,654 5.3
Jacksonville, FL-GA (029) 43,547 6.5
Orlando, FL (030) 80,137 7.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL (031) 151,977 5.9
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL (032) 19,413 5.9
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL (033) 22,291 5.2
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
 (34) 61,373 6.7
Tallahassee, FL-GA (035) 14,847 5.1
Dothan, AL-FL-GA (036) 6,484 5.1
Albany, GA (037) 8,907 4.0
Macon, GA (038) 15,432 4.2
Columbus, GA-AL (039) 9,874 4.5
Atlanta, GA-AL-NC (040) 141,910 8.2
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC-
 NC (041) 27,633 5.4
Asheville, NC (042) 10,118 5.2
Chattanooga, TN-GA (043) 15,776 4.2
Knoxville, TN (044) 21,815 5.4
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
 (45) 11,649 3.8
Hickory-Morganton, NC-TN (046) 10,938 5.8
Lexington, KY-TN-VA-WV (047) 35,443 4.5
Charleston, WV-KY-OH (048) 24,390 3.5
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN (049) 58,612 5.8
Dayton-Springfield, OH (050) 29,688 3.2
Columbus, OH(051) 57,703 5.8
Wheeling, WV-OH (052) 6,868 4.4
Pittsburgh, PA-WV (053) 78,334 4.0
Erie, PA(054) 11,762 3.7
Cleveland-Akron, OH-PA (055) 123,413 4.3
Toledo, OH (056) 31,589 3.2
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI (057) 196,338 4.8
Northern Michigan, MI (058) 5,244 3.5
Green Bay, WI-MI (059) 14,956 4.7
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI (060) 10,765 5.9
Traverse City, MI (061) 5,921 4.9
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
 (62) 45,047 4.5
Milwaukee-Racine, WI (063) 63,276 5.6
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI
 (64) 313,817 5.8
Elkhart-Goshen, IN-MI (065) 21,829 4.7
Fort Wayne, IN (068) 17,562 4.7
Indianapolis, IN-IL (067) 76,220 5.9
Champaign-Urbana, IL (068) 14,125 3.5
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY-IL (069) 19,264 4.8
Louisville, KY-IN (070) 35,204 5.9
Nashville, TN-KY(071) 56,889 5.1
Paducah, KY-IL (072) 4,933 3.7
Memphis, TN-AR-MS-KY (073) 43,869 8.0
Huntsville, AL-TN (074) 21,804 4.6
Tupelo, MS-AL-TN (075) 11,341 4.5
Greenville, MS (076) 4,149 0.8
Jackson, MS-AL-LA (077) 28,130 5.0
Birmingham, AL (078) 37,101 4.7
Montgomery, AL (079) 10,309 4.4
Mobile, AL (080) 13,557 4.1
Pensacola, FL (081) 13,505 5.1
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS (082) 8,136 8.7
New Orleans, LA-MS (083) 40,251 4.9
Baton Rouge, LA-MS (064) 16,421 6.2
Lafayette, LA (085) 12,214 5.3
Lake Charles, LA (086) 10,601 4.1
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX (087) 9,831 5.6
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA-AR (088) 11,849 4.0
Monroe, LA (089) 6,295 2.2
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR
 (90) 33,518 4.5
Fort Smith, AR-OK (091) 6,169 4.6
Fayetteville Springdale Rogers, AR-
 MO-OK (092) 7,880 6.8
Joplin, MO-KS-OK (093) 5,188 3.3
Springfield, MO (094) 16,386 4.5
Jonesboro, AR-MO (095) 5,467 1.5
St. Louis, MO-IL (096) 92,728 4.0
Springfield, IL-MO (097) 12,196 3.1
Columbia, MO (098) 8,199 4.6
Kansas City, MO-KS (099) 62,704 4.8
Des Moines, IA-IL-MO (100) 40,601 3.4
Peoria-Pekin, IL (101) 13,076 4.8
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
 (102) 14,000 4.6
Cedar Rapids, IA (103) 10,129 6.9
Madison, WI-IL-IA (104) 23,696 5.7
La Crosse, WI-MN (105) 5,168 5.9
Rochester, MN-IA-WI (106) 7,982 7.7
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI-IA (107) 127,853 7.2
Wausau, WI (108) 10,998 5.5
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI (109) 8,055 5.4
Grand Forks, ND-MN (110) 5,064 8.6
Minot, ND (111) 2,472 8.9
Bismarck, ND-MT-SD (112) 3,766 9.3
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN (113) 8,341 8.0
Aberdeen, SD (114) 1,892 5.2
Rapid City, SD-MT-NE-ND (115) 4,272 4.7
Sioux Falls, SD-IA-MN-NE (116) 12,286 5.5
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD (117) 5,845 2.4
Omaha, NE-IA-MO (118) 27,533 4.3
Lincoln, NE (119) 9,468 6.5
Grand Island, NE (120) 6,300 3.7
North Platte, NE-CO (121) 1,335 5.6
Wichita, KS-OK (122) 28,326 4.8
Topeka, KS (123) 10,272 4.0
Tulsa, OK-KS (124) 31,500 5.5
Oklahoma City, OK (125) 35,643 4.5
Western Oklahoma, OK (126) 2,617 3.1
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-AR-OK (127) 194,999 7.9
Abilene, TX (128) 4,486 1.9
San Angelo, TX (129) 3,824 5.2
Austin-San Marcos, TX (130) 33,967 14.6
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX (131) 150,545 7.9
Corpus Christi, TX (132) 11,059 4.9
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX (133) 11,782 6.5
San Antonio, TX(134) 45,336 6.1
Odessa-Midland, TX (135) 8,598 4.0
Hobbs, NM-TX (136) 3,706 5.3
Lubbock, TX (137) 8,000 3.4
Amarillo, TX-NM (138) 10,730 4.2
Santa Fe, NM (139) 5,724 6.4
Pueblo, CO-NM(140) 5,437 7.2
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO-KS-NE
 (141) 112,872 9.1
Scottsbluff, NE-WY (142) 1,921 3.8
Casper, WY-ID-UT (143) 9,369 3.1
Billings, MT-WY (144) 8,672 5.0
Great Falls, MT (145) 3,470 4.6
Missoula, MT (146) 8,083 5.7
Spokane, WA-ID (147) 17,520 4.9
Idaho Falls, ID-WY (148) 6,052 5.0
Twin Falls, ID (149) 3,568 8.4
Boise City, ID-OR (150) 13,003 7.5
Reno, NV-CA (151) 18,311 5.6
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT-ID (152) 44,403 6.7
Las Vegas, NV-AZ-UT (153) 39,123 8.5
Flagstaff, AZ-UT(154) 6,909 6.7
Farmington, NM-CO (155) 3,609 6.3
Albuquerque, NM-AZ (156) 19,430 4.6
El Paso, TX-NM (157) 15,773 5.3
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ-NM (158) 80,718 9.3
Tucson, AZ (159) 20,610 6.7
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange Coun-
 ty, CA-AZ (160) 457,605 6.5
San Diego, CA (161) 76,502 7.6
Fresno, CA (162) 25,882 4.2
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA
 (163) 298,479 7.0
Sacramento-Yolo, CA (164) 56,798 6.7
Redding, CA-OR (165) 6,808 3.5
Eugene-Springfield, OR-CA (166) 17,386 5.0
Portland-Salem, OR-WA (167) 74,867 5.4
Pendleton, OR-WA (168) 3,939 4.5
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA (169) 13,965 4.8
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA (170) 124,734 8.6
Anchorage, AK (171) 17,124 4.2
Honolulu, HI (172) 31,656 1.8

 Per capita personal
 income(1)

 Area name and code Dollars

 1996 1997

 United States(2) (000) 24,651 25,924
 BEA Economic Areas

Bangor, ME (001) 19,032 19,928
Portland, ME 002) 22,987 24,227
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-
 Brocktn, MA-NH-RI-VT (003) 28,979 30,914
Burlington, VT-NY (004) 21,096 22,052
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (005) 23,747 24,890
Syracuse, NY-PA (006) 20,462 21,405
Rochester, NY-PA (007) 23,602 24,693
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY-PA (008) 22,172 23,222
State College, PA (009) 19,249 20,210
New York-No New Jer-Long Island,
 NY-NJ-CT-PA-MA-VT (010) 31,630 33,233
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA (011) 24,218 25,340
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atl. City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD (012) 27,306 28,799
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-
 WV-PA (013) 29,539 30,957
Salisbury, MD-DE-VA (014) 20,466 21,178
Richmond-Petersburg, VA (015) 24,652 25,767
Staunton, VA-WV (016) 19,580 20,494
Roanoke, VA-NC-WV (017) 20,329 21,291
Greensboro-Winston-Salem -High
 Point, NC-VA (018) 23,279 24,301
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC (019) 24,261 25,886
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC (020) 21,664 22,507
Greenville, NC (021) 20,112 21,329
Fayetteville, NC (022) 198,081 20,725
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
 (23) 24,086 25,332
Columbia, SC (024) 20,640 21,622
Wilmington, NC-SC (025) 19,845 20,920
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
 (26) 19,389 20,214
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC (027) 19,890 20,718
Savannah, GA-SC (028) 21,508 22,369
Jacksonville, FL-GA (029) 22,092 23,122
Orlando, FL (030) 21,462 22,559
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL (031) 27,224 27,787
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL (032) 29,617 31,675
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL (033) 28,816 30,612
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
 (34) 24,408 25,861
Tallahassee, FL-GA (035) 19,954 20,819
Dothan, AL-FL-GA (036) 18,200 19,163
Albany, GA (037) 18,710 19,287
Macon, GA (038) 19,663 20,157
Columbus, GA-AL (039) 18,956 19,963
Atlanta, GA-AL-NC (040) 25,672 26,911
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC-
 NC (041) 21,253 22,283
Asheville, NC (042) 22,004 23,379
Chattanooga, TN-GA (043) 21,393 22,178
Knoxville, TN (044) 20,848 21,793
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
 (45) 19,583 20,339
Hickory-Morganton, NC-TN (046) 20,239 21,278
Lexington, KY-TN-VA-WV (047) 17,563 18,685
Charleston, WV-KY-OH (048) 18,568 19,484
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN (049) 24,426 25,907
Dayton-Springfield, OH (050) 23,697 25,145
Columbus, OH(051) 22,650 24,112
Wheeling, WV-OH (052) 18,881 19,384
Pittsburgh, PA-WV (053) 23,945 25,309
Erie, PA(054) 20,824 21,896
Cleveland-Akron, OH-PA (055) 24,085 25,424
Toledo, OH (056) 22,497 23,814
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI (057) 25,642 27,027
Northern Michigan, MI (058) 18,876 19,954
Green Bay, WI-MI (059) 20,795 22,031
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI (060) 23,335 24,639
Traverse City, MI (061) 19,845 21,032
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
 (62) 22,618 23,881
Milwaukee-Racine, WI (063) 25,733 27,364
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI
 (64) 28,427 29,956
Elkhart-Goshen, IN-MI (065) 21,812 22,993
Fort Wayne, IN (068) 22,932 24,187
Indianapolis, IN-IL (067) 23,407 24,533
Champaign-Urbana, IL (068) 21,002 21,980
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY-IL (069) 20,747 21,684
Louisville, KY-IN (070) 23,179 24,306
Nashville, TN-KY(071) 22,518 23,690
Paducah, KY-IL (072) 20,582 21,296
Memphis, TN-AR-MS-KY (073) 22,235 23,089
Huntsville, AL-TN (074) 20,686 21,653
Tupelo, MS-AL-TN (075) 17,173 17,923
Greenville, MS (076) 15,684 18,210
Jackson, MS-AL-LA (077) 18,465 19,285
Birmingham, AL (078) 21,945 22,950
Montgomery, AL (079) 20,420 21,135
Mobile, AL (080) 18,860 19,681
Pensacola, FL (081) 20,437 21,487
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS (082) 18,959 19,880
New Orleans, LA-MS (083) 21,565 22,803
Baton Rouge, LA-MS (064) 21,317 22,064
Lafayette, LA (085) 18,271 19,777
Lake Charles, LA (086) 18,453 19,338
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX (087) 19,604 21,047
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA-AR (088) 19,668 20,330
Monroe, LA (089) 18,193 18,536
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR
 (90) 19,942 20,882
Fort Smith, AR-OK (091) 18,099 19,084
Fayetteville Springdale Rogers, AR-
 MO-OK (092) 19,574 20,462
Joplin, MO-KS-OK (093) 19,038 20,167
Springfield, MO (094) 18,426 19,496
Jonesboro, AR-MO (095) 17,611 18,359
St. Louis, MO-IL (096) 24,066 25,444
Springfield, IL-MO (097) 21,649 22,764
Columbia, MO (098) 21,344 22,501
Kansas City, MO-KS (099) 23,809 25,066
Des Moines, IA-IL-MO (100) 22,733 23,914
Peoria-Pekin, IL (101) 22,137 23,508
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
 (102) 22,685 24,066
Cedar Rapids, IA (103) 24,409 25,944
Madison, WI-IL-IA (104) 23,267 24,087
La Crosse, WI-MN (105) 20,142 21,044
Rochester, MN-IA-WI (106) 23,346 24,454
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI-IA (107) 26,539 27,922
Wausau, WI (108) 20,595 21,769
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI (109) 21,274 22,302
Grand Forks, ND-MN (110) 20,423 19,651
Minot, ND (111) 21,121 20,113
Bismarck, ND-MT-SD (112) 19,722 19,761
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN (113) 21,353 21,403
Aberdeen, SD (114) 21,335 21,803
Rapid City, SD-MT-NE-ND (115) 18,428 19,423
Sioux Falls, SD-IA-MN-NE (116) 22,801 23,230
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD (117) 22,350 22,967
Omaha, NE-IA-MO (118) 25,016 26,115
Lincoln, NE (119) 24,093 24,598
Grand Island, NE (120) 21,412 21,393
North Platte, NE-CO (121) 20,378 20,903
Wichita, KS-OK (122) 22,273 23,520
Topeka, KS (123) 20,969 21,894
Tulsa, OK-KS (124) 21,081 22,415
Oklahoma City, OK (125) 20,101 20,912
Western Oklahoma, OK (126) 16,555 18,037
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-AR-OK (127) 24,375 25,921
Abilene, TX (128) 18,957 20,336
San Angelo, TX (129) 17,413 18,220
Austin-San Marcos, TX (130) 23,698 25,579
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX (131) 25,052 26,747
Corpus Christi, TX (132) 18,388 19,299
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX (133) 11,854 12,357
San Antonio, TX(134) 19,907 21,042
Odessa-Midland, TX (135) 19,280 20,861
Hobbs, NM-TX (136) 17,372 18,097
Lubbock, TX (137) 20,653 21,271
Amarillo, TX-NM (138) 20,448 21,777
Santa Fe, NM (139) 21,399 22,265
Pueblo, CO-NM(140) 18,181 19,238
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO-KS-NE
 (141) 26,867 28,764
Scottsbluff, NE-WY (142) 19,091 20,009
Casper, WY-ID-UT (143) 21,182 22,660
Billings, MT-WY (144) 20,069 20,849
Great Falls, MT (145) 19,578 20,069
Missoula, MT (146) 19,069 19,939
Spokane, WA-ID (147) 20,013 20,898
Idaho Falls, ID-WY (148) 18,991 19,558
Twin Falls, ID (149) 20,570 21,045
Boise City, ID-OR (150) 22,672 23,467
Reno, NV-CA (151) 27,062 27,971
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT-ID (152) 20,216 21,463
Las Vegas, NV-AZ-UT (153) 24,783 25,943
Flagstaff, AZ-UT(154) 16,684 17,392
Farmington, NM-CO (155) 18,270 19,227
Albuquerque, NM-AZ (156) 20,552 21,353
El Paso, TX-NM (157) 15,298 15,932
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ-NM (158) 23,197 24,684
Tucson, AZ (159) 20,103 20,815
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange Coun-
 ty, CA-AZ (160) 24,212 25,132
San Diego, CA (161) 24,836 26,129
Fresno, CA (162) 18,284 18,716
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA
 (163) 30,307 32,206
Sacramento-Yolo, CA (164) 23,304 24,463
Redding, CA-OR (165) 19,120 20,008
Eugene-Springfield, OR-CA (166) 20,509 21,578
Portland-Salem, OR-WA (167) 24,764 26,193
Pendleton, OR-WA (168) 18,796 19,602
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA (169) 20,287 20,703
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA (170) 27,130 29,238
Anchorage, AK (171) 26,057 26,990
Honolulu, HI (172) 25,661 26,299

 Per capita personal
 income(1)

 Rank in
 Area name and code Dollars U.S.

 1998 1993

 United States(2) (000) 272,031 ...
 BEA Economic Areas

Bangor, ME (001) 20,943 137
Portland, ME 002) 25,379 49
Boston-Worcester-Lawrence-Lowell-
 Brocktn, MA-NH-RI-VT (003) 32,781 3
Burlington, VT-NY (004) 23,250 80
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (005) 26,254 37
Syracuse, NY-PA (006) 22,468 97
Rochester, NY-PA (007) 25,873 46
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY-PA (008) 24,339 62
State College, PA (009) 21,122 134
New York-No New Jer-Long Island,
 NY-NJ-CT-PA-MA-VT (010) 34,971 1
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA (011) 26,487 33
Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atl. City,
 PA-NJ-DE-MD (012) 30,271 10
Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-
 WV-PA (013) 32,489 5
Salisbury, MD-DE-VA (014) 22,099 109
Richmond-Petersburg, VA (015) 26,748 30
Staunton, VA-WV (016) 21,416 128
Roanoke, VA-NC-WV (017) 22,198 103
Greensboro-Winston-Salem -High
 Point, NC-VA (018) 25,328 50
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC (019) 26,937 27
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News,
 VA-NC (020) 23,373 77
Greenville, NC (021) 21,546 124
Fayetteville, NC (022) 21,223 132
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
 (23) 26,609 31
Columbia, SC (024) 22,659 94
Wilmington, NC-SC (025) 21,610 122
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
 (26) 21,253 130
Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC (027) 21,674 121
Savannah, GA-SC (028) 23,348 78
Jacksonville, FL-GA (029) 24,321 63
Orlando, FL (030) 23,706 69
Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL (031) 29,021 13
Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL (032) 32,754 4
Sarasota-Bradenton, FL (033) 31,734 6
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
 (34) 27,224 23
Tallahassee, FL-GA (035) 21,798 115
Dothan, AL-FL-GA (036) 20,065 157
Albany, GA (037) 19,926 159
Macon, GA (038) 20,854 139
Columbus, GA-AL (039) 20,768 140
Atlanta, GA-AL-NC (040) 28,355 16
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC-
 NC (041) 23,212 81
Asheville, NC (042) 24,287 64
Chattanooga, TN-GA (043) 22,930 85
Knoxville, TN (044) 22,768 89
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
 (45) 20,995 136
Hickory-Morganton, NC-TN (046) 22,288 99
Lexington, KY-TN-VA-WV (047) 19,427 161
Charleston, WV-KY-OH (048) 20,211 152
Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN (049) 27,208 24
Dayton-Springfield, OH (050) 25,936 42
Columbus, OH(051) 25,263 51
Wheeling, WV-OH (052) 20,419 146
Pittsburgh, PA-WV (053) 26,477 34
Erie, PA(054) 22,811 88
Cleveland-Akron, OH-PA (055) 26,545 32
Toledo, OH (056) 24,583 57
Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI (057) 28,275 18
Northern Michigan, MI (058) 20,459 145
Green Bay, WI-MI (059) 23,006 84
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI (060) 25,863 43
Traverse City, MI (061) 21,762 117
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
 (62) 24,738 54
Milwaukee-Racine, WI (063) 28,844 14
Chicago-Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI
 (64) 31,480 7
Elkhart-Goshen, IN-MI (065) 23,988 66
Fort Wayne, IN (068) 25,154 53
Indianapolis, IN-IL (067) 25,814 44
Champaign-Urbana, IL (068) 22,813 87
Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY-IL (069) 22,691 93
Louisville, KY-IN (070) 25,556 48
Nashville, TN-KY(071) 24,555 58
Paducah, KY-IL (072) 22,010 110
Memphis, TN-AR-MS-KY (073) 24,284 65
Huntsville, AL-TN (074) 22,406 98
Tupelo, MS-AL-TN (075) 18,670 166
Greenville, MS (076) 16,479 171
Jackson, MS-AL-LA (077) 20,130 154
Birmingham, AL (078) 23,847 68
Montgomery, AL (079) 21,967 111
Mobile, AL (080) 20,356 149
Pensacola, FL (081) 22,221 102
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula, MS (082) 21,349 129
New Orleans, LA-MS (083) 23,859 67
Baton Rouge, LA-MS (064) 23,273 79
Lafayette, LA (085) 20,647 143
Lake Charles, LA (086) 20,071 156
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX (087) 22,183 105
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA-AR (088) 21,251 131
Monroe, LA (089) 18,991 164
Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR
 (90) 21,731 120
Fort Smith, AR-OK (091) 19,867 160
Fayetteville Springdale Rogers, AR-
 MO-OK (092) 21,482 126
Joplin, MO-KS-OK (093) 20,700 141
Springfield, MO (094) 20,120 155
Jonesboro, AR-MO (095) 18,555 167
St. Louis, MO-IL (096) 26,419 35
Springfield, IL-MO (097) 23,492 73
Columbia, MO (098) 23,396 75
Kansas City, MO-KS (099) 26,025 41
Des Moines, IA-IL-MO (100) 24,679 55
Peoria-Pekin, IL (101) 24,635 56
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
 (102) 25,178 52
Cedar Rapids, IA (103) 27,575 21
Madison, WI-IL-IA (104) 25,670 47
La Crosse, WI-MN (105) 22,198 103
Rochester, MN-IA-WI (106) 26,106 39
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI-IA (107) 29,651 11
Wausau, WI (108) 22,882 86
Duluth-Superior, MN-WI (109) 23,533 71
Grand Forks, ND-MN (110) 21,789 116
Minot, ND (111) 22,109 108
Bismarck, ND-MT-SD (112) 21,591 123
Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN (113) 23,008 83
Aberdeen, SD (114) 23,151 82
Rapid City, SD-MT-NE-ND (115) 20,372 147
Sioux Falls, SD-IA-MN-NE (116) 24,515 60
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD (117) 23,552 70
Omaha, NE-IA-MO (118) 27,082 26
Lincoln, NE (119) 26,060 40
Grand Island, NE (120) 22,250 100
North Platte, NE-CO (121) 22,157 106
Wichita, KS-OK (122) 24,426 61
Topeka, KS (123) 22,766 90
Tulsa, OK-KS (124) 23,410 74
Oklahoma City, OK (125) 21,762 117
Western Oklahoma, OK (126) 18,512 168
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-AR-OK (127) 27,419 22
Abilene, TX (128) 20,691 142
San Angelo, TX (129) 19,040 163
Austin-San Marcos, TX (130) 28,359 15
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX (131) 28,290 17
Corpus Christi, TX (132) 20,161 153
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX (133) 12,824 172
San Antonio, TX(134) 21,912 112
Odessa-Midland, TX (135) 21,496 125
Hobbs, NM-TX (136) 18,972 165
Lubbock, TX (137) 22,126 107
Amarillo, TX-NM (138) 22,761 91
Santa Fe, NM (139) 23,528 72
Pueblo, CO-NM(140) 20,362 148
Denver-Boulder-Greeley, CO-KS-NE
 (141) 30,762 9
Scottsbluff, NE-WY (142) 20,928 138
Casper, WY-ID-UT (143) 23,392 76
Billings, MT-WY (144) 21,848 114
Great Falls, MT (145) 21,161 133
Missoula, MT (146) 20,998 135
Spokane, WA-ID (147) 21,741 119
Idaho Falls, ID-WY (148) 20,340 151
Twin Falls, ID (149) 22,701 92
Boise City, ID-OR (150) 24,543 59
Reno, NV-CA (151) 29,075 12
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT-ID (152) 22,532 95
Las Vegas, NV-AZ-UT (153) 26,910 28
Flagstaff, AZ-UT(154) 18,204 169
Farmington, NM-CO (155) 19,986 158
Albuquerque, NM-AZ (156) 22,224 101
El Paso, TX-NM (157) 16,577 170
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ-NM (158) 26,187 38
Tucson, AZ (159) 21,905 113
Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange Coun-
 ty, CA-AZ (160) 26,387 36
San Diego, CA (161) 27,657 20
Fresno, CA (162) 19,275 162
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA
 (163) 33,975 2
Sacramento-Yolo, CA (164) 25,722 45
Redding, CA-OR (165) 20,611 144
Eugene-Springfield, OR-CA (166) 22,497 96
Portland-Salem, OR-WA (167) 27,191 25
Pendleton, OR-WA (168) 20,343 150
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA (169) 21,454 127
Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA (170) 31,272 8
Anchorage, AK (171) 27,835 19
Honolulu, HI (172) 26,759 29

(1.) Per capita personal income was computed using Census Bureau midyear population estimates. Estimates for 1996-98 reflect county population estimates available as of March 2000. See footnote 1 to table 3.

(2.) The personal income level shown for the United States is derived as the sum of the county estimate. It differs from the estimate of personal income in the national income and product accounts (NIPA's) because of differences in coverage in the methodologies used to prepare the estimates, and in the timing of the availability of source data. in particular, it differs from the NIPA estimate because, by definition, it omits the earnings of Federal civilian and military personnel stationed abroad and of U.S. residents employed abroad temporarily by private U.S.

NOTE.--Codes are assigned, beginning with 001 in northern Maine, continuing south to Florida, then north to the Great Lakes, and continuing in a serpentine pattern to the West Coast. Except for the Western Oklahoma economic area 126, the Northern Michigan economic area (058), and the 17 economic areas mainly corresponding to CMSA's each economic area is named for the metropolitan area or city that is the node of its largest Component Economic Area (CEA) and that is usually but not always, the largest metropolitan area or city in the economic area. The name of each economic area includes each State that contains counties in the economic area.

The counties include county equivalents, such as the independent cities in Virginia that have at least 100,000 people; the estimates for the smaller independent cities in Virginia are combined with the estimates for the adjacent counties to create combination areas (see table 3).

[TABULAR DATA 3 NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII]

(1.) For the New England region, OMB's preferred definitions of the metropolitan areas are in terms of cities and towns, but the available data for cities and towns are not sufficient to prepare estimates of personal income.

For the list of the metropolitan areas and their constituent counties and county equivalents, go to BEA's Web site at <www.bea.doc.gov/bea/ regional/docs/msalist.htm>, or call the National Technical Information Service at 1-800--553-6847 (accession no. PB99-132698).

(2.) For a description of the economic areas and the methodology used to define them, see Kenneth P. Johnson, "Redefinition of the BEA Economic Areas," SURVEY 75 (February 1995): 75-81.

Data Availability

This article presents summary estimates of personal income and per capita personal income for 1996-98. More detailed estimates for 1969-98 are available in other media.

The entire set of estimates for all areas is available on a new CD-ROM that also contains the quarterly State estimates of personal income for 1969-99 and an updated description of the sources and methods that are used to prepare the estimates of local area personal income. To order the CD-ROM Regional Economic Information System, 1969-98 (price $35, product number RCN-0250), call the Order Desk at 1-800-704-0415 (outside the United States, call 202-606-9666).

The estimates of personal income are also available through the members of the BEA User Group, which consists of State agencies and universities that help BEA to disseminate the estimates within their States.

For the detailed estimates, go to <www.bea.doc.gov/bea/ regional/reis/index.html>, and look for the local area estimates that are organized in the following files:

* Personal income, per capita personal income, and population for 1969-98

* Personal income by major source and earnings by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) two-digit industry for 1994-98

* Full-time and part-time employment by SIC division-level industry for 1994--98

* Regional economic profile (which includes a selection of data from several other tables) for 1994-98

* Transfer payments (by major program) for 1994-98

* Farm income and expenses (which include the major categories of gross receipts and expenses for all farms and for measures of farm income) for 1994-98

* Counties with the highest and lowest per capita personal income in 1998

* Personal income and per capita personal income, with 1998 rankings of per capita personal income, for 1996-98

* Total wage and salary disbursements, total wage employment, and average wages for counties and metropolitan statistical areas for 1969-98

For more information about these estimates, call the Regional Economic Information System at 202-606-5360, fax 202-606-5322, or E-mail reis.remd@bea.doc.gov.

Alternative Measures of County Employment and Wages

Three widely used measures of county employment and wages by place of work are the employment and payroll data in the Census Bureau's County Business Patterns (CBP) series, employment and wage tabulations from the unemployment insurance program by the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS), and total wage and salary disbursements and employment by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).

The CBP data are an annual extension of the data from the Census Bureau's quinquennial economic censuses; the data are derived from Federal administrative records and from survey information of business establishments. The BLS data are the product of a Federal-State cooperative program known as the Covered Employment and Wages, or ES-202, program; the data are derived from tabulations of monthly employment and quarterly total wages of workers covered by State unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and of Federal workers covered by the unemployment compensation for Federal employees (UCFE) program. BEA publishes total employment and total wage and salary disbursements as part of its local area estimates of personal income, a measure of the local area economies; the estimates are derived from the BLS data, which account for 94 percent of the wage and salary component of the personal income estimates.

The coverage of the BLS data differs from that of the CBP data primarily because the BLS data cover civilian government employees, whereas CBP data exclude most government employees (exhibit A).(1) In addition, the CBP coverage of the employees of educational and membership organizations and of small nonprofit organizations in other industries is more complete than the coverage of these employees in the BLS data. In contrast, the BLS data cover some agricultural production employees and household employees that are excluded from the CBP data. Finally, the BLS employment data are an annual average of monthly data, whereas CBP reports employment for the month of March.

Exhibit A.--National Estimates of Wages and Salaries in the BEA County Series and Payrolls and Wages From the Bureau of the Census and BLS

[Billions of dollars]

 Line 1997 1998

Total payroll, Census Bureau(1) 1 3,047.9 n.a.

Plus: Civilian government wages, BLS(2) 2 602.2 ...
Other differences, net(3) 3 23.9 ...

Equals: Total wages, BLS 4 3,674.0 3,961.4
Plus: Adjustments for
 Misreporting on employment tax
 returns(4) 5 89.9 97.4
 Thrift savings plans(5) 6 1.5 0
 Selected industries(6) 7 105.1 108.4
 Other(7) 8 15.2 16.9

Equals: Wage and salary disbursements,
 BEA 9 3,885.7 4,184.1

(1.) From County Business Patterns 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), 1999).

(2.) From Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 1998 (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 1999).

(3.) Includes differences of coverage in private education, membership organizations, and government.

(4.) Consists of unreported wages and salaries paid by employers and of unreported tips.

(5.) Consists of voluntary contributions by employees that employers have been required to report since 1985, when reporting requirements were enacted by over half of the States; since 1990, the reports are required by almost all of the States.

(6.) Consists of the difference between estimates from more comprehensive source data (excluding the adjustments in lines 5 and 6) and BLS wages and salaries for these industries: Agriculture, forestry and fishing; railroad transportation; health services; educational services; social services; membership organizations; private households; and the Federal Government,

(7.) Consists of adjustments for the coverage of wages and salaries for insurance agents classified as statutory employees, for students and their spouses employed by public colleges or universities, for nonprofit organizations not in the State unemployment insurance program (in industries not listed in footnote 6), and of other adjustments.

BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis

BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics

n.a. Not available

The BEA employment and wage estimates differ from the BLS data because BEA adjusts the estimates to account for employment and wages not covered, or not fully covered, by the State UI and UCFE programs. First, additional source data are used to estimate most, or all, of the employment and wages for the following: Farms, farm labor contractors, private households, private elementary and secondary schools, religious membership organizations, railroads, military, and U.S. residents who are employed by international organizations and by foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. Second, employment and wage estimates are added to the BLS data to bridge small gaps in UI coverage for nonprofit organizations not participating in the UI program (several industries), for students and their spouses employed by colleges or universities (private education and State and local government), for elected officials and members of the judiciary (State and local government), for interns employed by hospitals and by social service agencies, and for insurance agents classified as statutory employees (insurance agencies). Third, the employment and wage data are adjusted for misreporting under the UI and UCFE programs.(2)

The Census Bureau released 1997 county total employment and payrolls on October 5, 1999, on its Web site.(3) BLS released 1998 annual county total employment and average annual pay on January 15, 1999, on its Web site.(4) BEA's revised local area estimates of total wage employment and total wage and salary disbursements for 1997 and 1998 were released April 5, 2000, on its Web site.(5)

(1.) The CBP coverage of government employees is limited to those working in government hospitals, depository institutions, Federal and federally sponsored credit agencies, liquor stores, and wholesale liquor establishments.

(2.) For more information, see Local Area Personal Income, 1969-92 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1994): M-9--M-13. This information is available on BEA's Web site at <www.bea.doc.gov>; under "Regional," select "Articles."

(3.) Data are available on the Census Bureau's Web site at <www.census.gov>; under "Business," select "More," then "County Business Patterns." In addition, see the Bureau of the Census, County Business Patterns, 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1999).

(4.) Data are available on the BLS Web Site at <www.bls.gov>; select "Surveys and Programs," then "Employment and Unemployment," and then "Covered Employment and Wages." See also Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 1998 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 1999).

(5.) See the BEA Web site at <www.bea.doc.gov>; under "Regional," select "Data," then "Local area personal income," and then "CA34."

Acknowledgments

The comprehensive revision of local area personal income was prepared by the Regional Economic Measurement Division under the direction of Robert L. Brown, Chief. Hugh W. Knox, Associate Director for Regional Economics, provided general guidance. The preparation of the revised estimates was a divisionwide effort.

The estimates of nonfarm wages and salaries and other labor income were prepared by the Regional Wage Branch under the supervision of Sharon C. Carnevale, Chief. Major responsibilities were assigned to Elizabeth P. Cologer, Lisa C. Ninomiya, Michael G. Pilot, John A. Rusinko, and James M. Scott. Contributing staff members were Susan P. Den Herder, Lisa B. Emerson, John D. Laffman, Lela S. Lester, Russell C. Lusher, Richard A. Lutyk, Paul K. Medzerian, Mauricio Ortiz, Michael Phillips, Adrienne T. Pilot, Curtis Roberson, Victor A. Sahadachny, Elizabeth E Stell, and Jaime Zenzano.

The annual estimates of farm wages and salaries and other labor income and of proprietors' income, property income, transfer payments, personal contributions for social insurance, and the adjustment for residence were prepared by the Regional Income Branch under the supervision of James M. Zavrel, Chief. Major responsibilities were assigned to Charles A. Jolley and James P. Stehle. Contributing staff members were Elaine M. Briccetti, Carrie L. Case, Daniel R. Corrin, Ann E. Dunbar, Toan A. Ly, W. Tim McKeel, Jeffrey L. Newman, Suet M. Ng, Ellen M. Wright, and Marianne A. Ziver.

The public use tabulations and data files were assembled and the tables and text for this publication were prepared by the Regional Economic Information System Branch under the supervision of Kathy A. Albetski, Chief. Gary V. Kennedy guided the preparation of the materials for the publication. Contributing staff members were Wallace K. Bailey, H Steven Dolan, Michael J. Paris, Albert Silverman, Nancy E. Smith, Callan S. Swenson, Monique B. Tyes, and Mary C. Williams.

(1.) See Robert L. Brown et al., "Comprehensive Revision of State Personal Income: Revised Estimates for 1969-98 and Preliminary Estimates for 1999," SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS 80 (June 2000): 64-129; Eugene P. Seskin, "Improved Estimates of the National Income and Product Accounts for 1959-98: Results of the Comprehensive Revision," SURVEY 79 (December 1999): 15-43; Brent R. Moulton and Eugene P. Seskin, "A Preview of the 1999 Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts: Statistical Changes," SURVEY 79 (October 1999): 6-17; Brent R. Moulton and David E Sullivan, "A Preview of the 1999 Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts: New and Redesigned Tables," SURVEY 79 (September 1999): 15-28; and Brent R. Moulton, Robert R Parker, and Eugene P. Seskin, "A Preview of the 1999 Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts: Definitional and Classificational Changes," SURVEY 79 (August 1999): 7-20.

(2.) For a detailed description of the sources and methods used to prepare the estimates, see the methodology under "Documents" on the CD-ROM Regional Economic Information System, 1969-98, or go to BEA's Web site at <www.bea.doc.gov>, select "Methodologies," select "regional programs," and then select "Comprehensive Revision of Local Area Personal Income, 1969-95."

(3.) See Brown, "Comprehensive Revision of State Personal Income," 71-75.

(4.) "S-corporations" are generally small corporations.

(5.) The previously published estimates had 316 metropolitan areas: Auburn-Opelika, AL, and Corvallis, OR, were recognized as new metropolitan areas in June 1999.