Emptying the oceans: a summary of industrial whaling catches in the 20th century.

Rocha, Robert C., Jr. ; Clapham, Phillip J. ; Ivashchenko, Yulia V. 等

"Some of the larger factory vessels with their capacity of over 2,500 barrels of oil per day capture more in two days than the original floating factories of 1904 were able to carry away with them in an entire season. One modern factory ship can take more whales in one season than the entire American whaling fleet of 1846 which number over 700 vessels." Lt (j.g.) Quentin R. Walsh, U.S.C.G., 1938

Introduction

In the 1860's, the Norwegian whaler and sealer Svend Foyn introduced the steam-powered whale catcher and the exploding harpoon gun to the whaling industry (Tonnessen and Johnsen, 1982). In the 1870's, he improved upon shore-based factory processing to a level that came to be considered a standard for the industry (Tonnessen and Johnsen, 1982). By the time the 20th century began, the era of modern whaling--at least in the Northern Hemisphere--was well under way.

Sixteen shore whaling stations had been established in Norway by 1883 (Risting, 1922; Dickinson and Sanger, 2005), and others were in operation in Newfoundland, Greenland, Russia, and Japan. In 1903, another Norwegian, Christen Christensen, introduced the first factory ship, the wooden steamship Telegraf, into the waters off Spitsbergen (Tonnessen and Johnsen, 1982). Their primary targets were blue, Balaenoptera musculus; fin, B. physalus; and humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae.

However, industrial whaling south of the equator did not begin to resemble operations in the north until 5 years into the 20th century. Between 1900 and 1903, the only whales processed industrially were humpbacks caught via net and brought to a shore factory in Whangamumu Bay in New Zealand, a factory that had been established in 1890. The average catch was 8 whales per year during the 20-year operation of this factory (Lillie, 1915; Allison, 2012).

The first shore factory in the Southern Ocean was established in Grytviken (Cauldron Bay) on South Georgia Island by the Norwegian Carl Anton Larsen, from the Compania Argentina de Pesca, in late 1904 (Tonnessen and Johnsen, 1982). In 1903, one humpback whale was killed by modern methods by Adolf Andresen in the Straits of Magellan, but his processing station was not established until 1905 (Tonnessen and Johnsen, 1982).

Thus, between 1900 and 1908, more whales were captured by industrial whaling methods in the Northern Hemisphere. By 1909, however, whaling south of the equator had surpassed that in the north. This trend continued until 1993, when the catch of whaling operations became comparable in the two hemispheres and were focused largely on minke whales, Balae noptera acutorostrata, and Antarctic minkes, B. bonaerensis.

Until World War I, industrial whaling in the Southern Hemisphere focused primarily on humpbacks. After this, several participating countries (England, Denmark, Norway, Japan, Canada, and the United States in the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa, England, Chile, Norway, and Argentina in the Southern Hemisphere) took full advantage of the previously unexploited stocks of large rorquals (Allison, 2012). These species had not (with the exception of humpbacks) been available to the traditional Yankee whalers, whose small wooden boats could not be rowed fast enough to catch these whales.

The ability of a modern catcher boat to fire exploding harpoons and inject air into these fast-swimming whales (that would have otherwise sunk when they were killed) removed any advantage a whale might have had over a whaling ship. Modern whalers also found new populations of sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, to hunt and also took southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, when they were encountered.

Between the 1920's and the 1980's, industrial whaling went through periods of expansion and crisis. As with many industries, these fluctuations led to international efforts to regulate the use of the primary resource, with varying but usually unsuccessful effect.

In the late 1920's, members of the League of Nations declared that whales needed "urgent international measures" to protect them from extinction and thus set up a committee of experts to find a solution (Redekop, 2010). At the same time, in 1929, Norway adopted its own Norwegian Whaling Act to regulate the annual killing of whales in the open sea and thus (at least in theory) sustain the industry (Tonnessen and Johnson, 1982).

Soon afterward, the League of Nations efforts led to the signing, by 26 countries, of the Convention for the Regulation of Whaling at the Geneva Convention in September 1931. This act entered into force in 1935 (Tonnessen and Johnson, 1982) and served as the first measure of protection for bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus; right whales, Eubalaena spp., and gray whales, Eschrichtius robustas; all of which had been heavily exploited historically.

Subsequently, the International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling was signed in London in 1937. However, many parts of this measure were ignored. After World War II, in late 1945, the United States hosted 19 countries at the International Whaling Conference (Tonnessen and Johnson, 1982). Ultimately, this led in 1946 to the creation of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) and the governing body for this Convention, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) (IWC, 2002).

Conservation measures were clearly an important part of this document, although protection of whales was undertaken for the strictly commercial purpose of attempting to ensure that the industry remained sustainable. As the Convention worded it, the aim was "to provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry."

Industrial whaling resumed in robust fashion in the 1950's, with Norway, Great Britain, Japan, and the USSR hunting in both hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Spain, Portugal, Korea, and China were hunting whales commercially. In the Southern Hemisphere, whaling operations were registered to Brazil, France, South Africa, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, Peru, and Panama, and the Netherlands and Argentina became involved in the region for the first time. A final expansion of Antarctic whaling took place between 1955 and 1961 (Tonnessen and Johnson, 1982).

For much of the 1950's, '60's, and '70's, the number of whales caught by most whaling nations, and the size of those whales, continued to decline. Smaller whale species, discussed later in this paper, were targeted. Japan and the USSR, however, continued to meet their quotas. While some of this was due to having more numerous and more powerful whale catchers, it was also because much of the whaling was being conducted illegally.

The Japanese were catching many undersized whales in their coastal fishery and falsifying their reports in order to conform to IWC regulations (Kasuya, 1999; Kasuya and Brownell, 1999, 2001; Kondo and Kasuya, 2002). Similarly, the USSR is now known to have conducted large-scale illegal catches for more than three decades (Yablokov, 1994; Clapham and Ivashchenko, 2009; Ivashchenko et ah, 2013; Ivashchenko and Clapham, 2014). On a much smaller scale, between 1951 and 1956 a factory ship registered in Panama, the Olympic Challenger, owned by Aristotle Onassis' Olympic Whaling Company, was consistently "shooting anything that swam and at any time" (Elliot, 1997).

By 1972, more protective attitudes in the United States toward whaling had sufficiently influenced national politics such that both the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act were passed within a span of 14 months. In 1972, the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, Sweden, passed a resolution, by 52 votes to 0, calling for a 10-year moratorium on commercial whaling. Similar resolutions were introduced in the IWC in 1972, 1973, and 1974, but the proposal did not receive the required three-fourths majority (IWC, 1975). Nonetheless, by 1982, proconservation nations held a substantial majority at the IWC, and duly voted to enact a moratorium (technically a zero-catch limit) on all commercial whaling.

When this vote was taken in 1982, there were 10 countries still in the business of whaling. Iceland, Norway, Spain, Portugal, and Korea were whaling in the north, while Brazil, Peru, Chile, and the USSR were operating in the south. Only Japan still had operations in both hemispheres. The following year whaling operations attributed to the Philippines were initiated. Research into this endeavor has indicated that Japanese nationals owned and operated all facets of this business, which was terminated in 1986 (Davies, 1986; Barut, 1994; Acebes, 2009). Peruvian whaling had its final season in 1983, and Portuguese whaling ended in 1987 (Allison, 2012).

Once the moratorium took effect with the 1985-86 Antarctic whaling season, all nations, other than Norway, Japan, and the USSR ceased industrial commercial whaling. Japan, Norway, and the USSR all lodged objections to the ban (under the Convention, an objection lodged within 90 days means that the objecting nation is not bound by any decision of the IWC, and this includes the moratorium). However, the Soviets continued whaling for only one more year (Allison, 2012).

Japan initially objected to the moratorium but withdrew this objection under U.S. threat of fisheries sanctions and thereafter exploited Article VIII of the Convention, which permits member states to issue permits to kill whales for scientific research (so-called "scientific whaling," see Clapham, 2014). Iceland, the Republic of Korea, and Norway also received permits for scientific whaling between 1986 and 1994 (IWC, 2004). Iceland withdrew from the IWC in 1992 but subsequently rejoined in 2002, lodged an objection to the Moratorium, and resumed commercial whaling in 2006. Norway halted their scientific whaling and in 1993 also resumed commercial hunting under the objection provision (IWC, 1995).

Remarkably, there has been no complete accounting of the total number of whales taken by industrial whaling in the world's oceans in the 20th century. Clapham and Baker (2008) attempted to assess totals for the Southern Hemisphere, including revised catch totals for the USSR, which, as noted above, conducted extensive illegal whaling after World War II (Clapham and Ivashchenko, 2009; Ivashchenko et al., 2011).

No attempt has previously been made to determine the total catch for the Northern Hemisphere, in part because revised Soviet totals for the North Pacific were not available until very recently (Ivashchenko et al., 2013). Here, using the current IWC database (Allison, 2012), corrected Soviet catch totals, and other sources, we provide an accounting of total catches by all industrial whaling operations worldwide from 1900 to 1999. In addition, we examine trends in the species that were targeted, compare hunt totals and activity between hemispheres, and highlight the periods of most intense hunting.

Materials and Methods

For the purpose of this report, any whale that was processed at a shore whaling station or on a floating factory ship was considered to have been killed by industrial methods. Some whales taken without the use of harpoon cannons, such as those caught by net at Whangamumu Bay in New Zealand, are included in these totals, since they were processed on shore in a factory. The same is true for those caught by traditional methods off the Azores, since they were subsequently towed back to shore-based factories.

All known catches for species caught by subsistence whaling hunts were omitted from the tallies. These include the native operations for humpback whales at St. Vincent and West Greenland, as well as catches of bowhead whales by Alaska natives, and takes of gray whales by the native people of Chukotka (Russia) (Reeves, 2002).

Other species were caught off the coast of West Greenland using the catcher boats Sonja and Sonja Kaligtoq between 1924 and 1954, and were hand flensed along the coast (Kapel, 1979). Between 1954 and 1958, a shore station in Tovqussaq was used to process whales caught by the Sonja Kaligtoq crews (Kapel, 1979). Since then, motorized boats with bow-mounted cannons have been used annually to hunt fin and minke whales (and, more recently, humpback whales). These have been considered aboriginal hunts since 1978, as has a small hunt off East Greenland that began in 1982. These aboriginal kills have also been omitted from the catch totals summarized here. Although the motorized boats sometimes provided access to species that were not part of the traditional aboriginal hunt, the noncommercial use of the whales warrant their omission from our tallies.

Annual totals from the International Whaling Commission database (Allison, 2012) for each of the large whale species listed were tallied for each hemisphere; for the Northern Hemisphere, separate totals were calculated for the North Atlantic and North Pacific. The revised totals for Soviet whale catches in the North Pacific for the period 1948-79, recently compiled by Ivashchenko et al. (2013), were used to replace the Soviet totals in the IWC database.

Catches for North Pacific right whales were compiled from the IWC database (Allison, 2012) and Brownell et al. (2001) (1), with corrections made by one of us (YVI) to reflect the most recent accounting of Soviet illegal catches of this species. Corrected Soviet numbers were published in Ivashchenko and Clapham (2012) and Ivashchenko et al. (2013); however, additional catches have come to light since then, and the total for Soviet takes of this species now stands at 765 (of which only 11 were reported to the IWC; Ivashchenko, unpubl. data).

Revised Soviet data for Bryde's, B. edeni; minke, gray, and unspecified/ other whales for the years 1948-79 were available only as a sum total and not as annual data. Those totals were included in the final tallying.

The numbers given here are the best estimate of the total catch at this time. New information is continually being added to the IWC database (Allison, 2012), and that database includes expeditions for which no information on catch has been found to date, notably during the early 1900's. Furthermore, it should be noted that Bryde's whales were not distinguished from sei whales until the early 1900's (and often not until much later), and for many years they continued to be listed as sei whales.

Finally, it is important to note that some catch totals for the North Pacific are likely to be incorrect to an unknown degree. The IWC database still contains data from the Japanese coastal fishery that are known to be falsified, notably for sperm whales (Kasuya, 1999); furthermore, analyses of sperm whale length data have raised suspicions about the reliability of the pelagic Japanese catch statistics for this species (Cooke et al., 1983). We currently have no way of estimating the degree of unreliability in these data, and North Pacific totals for sperm whales are reported with that caveat.

Results and Discussion

The technological advances of the late 19th century, when combined with the expansion of processing capabilities in the early 20th century, created an industry that could essentially catch and quickly process any whale in any ocean. In total, the years from 1900 through 1999 saw nearly 2.9 million large whales killed and processed globally by industrialized whaling. Total catches by species and hemisphere are summarized in Table 1. Tables 2 and 3 break down catches for each hemisphere by 10-year periods, and trends in catches for each species are graphically represented in Figures la and lb. More detail is provided in Tables 4 and 5, which give catch totals by species and by year for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively.

Fin whales were killed in larger numbers (874,068) than any other species, with sperm whales (761,523) being the second-most hunted. Together, these two whales comprise more than half (56.5%) of the large cetacean species killed globally in the 20th century. This proportion is almost the same (55.1%) when looking at the numbers for only the Southern Hemisphere. In the Northern Hemisphere, the sperm whale was the most heavily hunted (354,988 catches) (2), followed by the minke whale and the fin whale.

[FIGURE 1a OMITTED]

[FIGURE 1b OMITTED]

The year 1925 marked the arrival in the Antarctic of the first modern pelagic stern-slip factory ship, the British vessel Lansing (Clapham and Baker, 2008). The ability to quickly process large numbers of whales in habitats far offshore greatly increased the efficiency of the industry. Beginning in 1927, industrial whalers were consistently killing more than 20,000 whales annually in the Southern Hemisphere (they had surpassed this total in 1912, 1913, and 1925). Only a 1-year cessation of whaling by Norway, in 1931, brought the total below 20,000. Between 1934 and 1939 more than 34,000 whales were killed each year. The onset of World War II and the repurposing of resources led to a 6-year period of reduced whaling. However, once the war ended, the business of hunting whales resumed.

Twentieth century whaling was far more intense in the Southern Hemisphere (though no less devastating to some populations north of the equator): the number of whales killed in the Southern Hemisphere was 2.5 times greater than in the Northern. Over the three decades following World War II, the most intensive 5-year period for whaling in the Southern Hemisphere was 1957-61, when 280,133 whales were killed and processed. By contrast, the most intensive 5-year span for whales in the north was 1966-70, when 153,722 whales were killed. The year 1960 had the highest regional 1-year total for the century, with 62,129 animals killed in the Southern Hemisphere. In the north, the highest 1-year total was 33,473 whales in 1966.

Taken together, the global total for the years 1957-61 was 368,878 large whales. The 3 highest years were 1959-61, with each of those 3 years having global totals approaching or exceeding 75,000 whales. A further 69,466 were killed in 1964.

The trends in the numbers highlighted here, whether by hemisphere (Fig. la, b) or globally, echo prior analyses of catch numbers and related economics. As stated by Schneider and Pearce (2004), "Analysis of the data reveals a whaling cycle very much as would be expected for an open-access marine resource that is initially abundant but which then gets successively overexploited, species by species."

As one species began to dwindle in abundance, another would be targeted to take its place, and typically the species that was the next size smaller. Between 1921 and 1935, blue whales (with the exception of 1925) were the primary species taken in the Southern Hemisphere, with fin whales consistently second (Fig. 1b). After 1935, as blue whale numbers decreased, not only did fin whales become the primary species, but the annual totals for this species were consistently 2.0-2.5 times higher than those of the previous 15 years. Given that two fin whales were considered, in terms of oil yield, the equivalent of one blue whale (as measured by the "Blue Whale Unit" introduced by the IWC in 1932; Schneider and Pearce, 2004), this doubling of fin whale captures helped to maintain a consistent level of production.

In 1963, the sperm whale became the most-hunted species. At this same time, however, the number of sei whales captured exceeded 10,000. This was also the last year that fin whales were taken above the 10,000 level. For the next 5 years the sei whale was the primary target until their catch numbers dropped below 10,000 a year. Sperm whales again were the preferred species from 1969 to 1975, with kills consistently exceeding 10,000 per annum. No species of baleen whale exceeded the 10,000 level after 1969. Since 1978, most of the whales caught south of the equator have been Antarctic minkes, a great many of them as a result of Japanese scientific whaling (Clapham, 2014).

Although industrial whaling in the Northern Hemisphere was conducted on a smaller scale, similar patterns can be seen for several species (Table 1, 2; Fig. la). The cycle is most noticeable when considering the timing of the decline in fin and sei whale catches in the mid-1960's, and the effort made after 1970 to replace them with Bryde's whales, a species that had been largely ignored until that time (although as noted above they were often mistaken for sei whales in earlier catches).

The other noticeable replacement in targeted species was seen for humpback and sei whales, which, between 1908 and 1932, consistently alternated between second and third place in catch totals. After 1933, minke whales became the second-most hunted baleen whale north of the equator, and humpback captures continued to decline. After 1940, minkes replaced fin whales as the primary mysticete target of whalers.

One noticeable hemispheric difference in the order in which species were hunted is how much earlier minkes were targeted in the Northern Hemisphere. By 1932, minkes were being hunted as consistently as sperm, humpback, and sei whales. This also coincided with the drop in blue whale catches that began in 1932. While not nearly as lucrative as blue whales, minkes were much more abundant, and they were routinely caught in numbers greater than 3,000 annually from after World War II until 1983. By contrast, minkes were not a significant focus of whaling efforts in the Southern Hemisphere until 1967.

Before the global moratorium was passed by the IWC in 1982, whaling nations had agreed to institute bans on whaling of certain species, beginning with the cessation of commercial bowhead whaling in 1931. Other bans went into effect for right and gray whales in 1935, humpback whales in the North Atlantic in 1955, blue whales in 1966, and fin whales in the Southern Hemisphere and North Pacific in 1976 (IWC, 1977).

However, despite those bans, hunting of these species continued. The recent emergence of reliable data regarding the extent of illegal whaling conducted by the USSR between 1948 and 1979 has made clear how much poaching took place (Yablokov, 1994; Clapham and Ivashchenko, 2009; Ivashchenko et al., 2011, 2013). The estimate for the total global catch by the USSR is 534,204 whales, of which 178,811 were not reported to the IWC. (3) This new information has also shed light on the previously unexplained population decline and failure to recover of the North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica (Ivashchenko and Clapham, 2012).

A review of annual entries in the IWC database provides evidence that other countries participated in the killing of whales after various bans were issued. Ships registered in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, and the United Kingdom killed a total of 103 right whales after 1935 (Allison, 2012). After 1966, another 87 blue whales were killed by ships registered in Denmark, South Africa, Australia, Chile, Japan, and Spain (Allison, 2012). Two of the ships registered in Spain, the Sierra and the Tonna, were actually pirate whaling ships that were not registered with an IWC nation but whose operations were linked to Japan (Clapham and Baker, 2008). Korean vessels took 84 fin whales in the North Pacific between 1977 and 1985.

Ninety-eight percent of the blue whales killed globally after the ban in 1966 were killed by Soviet whalers, as were 92% of the 1,201 humpbacks killed commercially between 1967 and 1978. The majority of these, 1,034, were killed in 1967. Of the 512 gray whales killed after 1947,309 (60%) were killed by the United States through permits issued for scientific whaling.

Conclusion

Remarkably, despite the importance of industrial whaling to several economies and more recently as a symbol of human misuse of the world's resources, there has until now been no attempt to estimate the total catch for the 20th century, although Clapham and Baker (2008) provided estimates for the Southern Hemisphere. Here, taking advantage of newly revised catch figures for Soviet whaling in both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific, we have provided a tally of the total number of whales killed since full-scale modern industrial whaling began shortly after 1900. That total is close to three million animals, making it (at least in terms of sheer biomass) perhaps the largest hunt in human history.

Between 1712 and 1899 it is estimated that 300,000 sperm whales were killed globally by crews on sailing vessels that used small boats to chase, harpoon, tire out, and lance them (Smith et al., 2008). The same process applied to the slower mysticetes; the primary product from sperm whales was oil, and for baleen whales, oil, and baleen.

The industrial process was much more efficient. Separate crews focused on either catching or processing, and both had the advantage of mechanization to greatly increase the speed of these operations. Between 1900 and the middle of 1962, the same number of sperm whales had been killed by industrial methods as had been taken during the 18th and 19th centuries. Astonishingly, this feat was then repeated between 1962 and 1972.

The International Whaling Commission was a body initially created in 1946 to manage hunting for the sake of the industry, not that of the whales. By the time the IWC voted in 1982 to implement a moratorium on whaling beginning in 1985, at least 2,870,291 whales (99.1% of the overall 20th century total of 2,894,094) had been killed by industrial whaling methods. As a result, many populations had been reduced to small fractions of their pristine abundance.

Southern Ocean blue whales, for example, are estimated to be at less than 1% of their prewhaling numbers (Branch et al., 2007). In addition, some populations of whales appear to have been completely extirpated (Clapham et al., 2008) or, in the case of eastern North Pacific right whales, nearly so (Ivashchenko et al., 2013). To paraphrase a famous quotation by John Gulland regarding fisheries: whaling management in the 20th century was an interminable debate about the status of stocks until all doubt was removed. And so were most of the whales.

doi: dx.doi.org/10.7755/MFR.76.4.3

Acknowledgments

We thank several people: New Bedford Whaling Museum President and CEO, James Russell, for planting the seed for this project, and for allowing it to carry on as needed once we realized that it was going to grow far beyond his original request; Soviet biologists, such as Alexei Yablokov, Dmitry Tormosov, the late Nikolai Doroshenko, the late Vyacheslav Zemsky, Yuri Mikhalev and the late Alfred Berzin, who brought the accurate Soviet whaling data to light; to all those who have endeavored to create an accurate IWC database; Randall R. Reeves and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and input; and PACM Peter J. Capelotti, USCGR, who took a detailed, disturbing, yet nearly forgotten report written by Lt. (j.g.) Quentin R. Walsh (1938) while he was on board the Ulysses in 1937-38, edited it and placed it into public view.

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(1) There is a discrepancy between the total numbers of non-Soviet catches of North Pacific right whales reported in the IWC database and those given in Table 3.2 of Brownell et al. (2001), with the latter showing 12 more than the IWC data. Because the Brownell et al. table includes a block of 28 animals taken from 1911 to 1938, with uncertainty noted in this total, we have used the lower IWC figures.

(2) This number for sperm whales is likely an underestimate because of the known unreliability of Japanese coastal whaling statistics, as noted above, together with the possibility that Japanese pelagic catch statistics are also unreliable to an unknown degree.

(3) These figures include an additional 85 North Pacific right whales that were not included in the totals given by Ivashchenko and Clapham (2014).

Robert C. Rocha, Jr., is with the New Bedford Whaling Museum, 18 Johnny Cake Hill, New Bedford, MA, 02740 (rrocha@whalingmuseum. org). Phillip J. Clapham is with the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Seattle, WA 98115, and Yulia Ivashchenko is with the National Marine Mammal Laboratory and also with Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore NSW 2480, Australia.

Table 1.--Total catches of large whales by industrial whaling
operations, species, and hemisphere, 1900-99.
Catches (no. of animals)

                           North     North     Southern
Species                 Atlantic    Pacific   Hemisphere     Total

Blue                       6,699      8,838      363,648    379,185
Fin                       72,069     75,538      726,461    874,068
Sperm                     40,046    314,942     406,535     761,523
Humpback                   4,454     29,131      215,848    249,433
Sei                       13,048     73,903      204,589    291,540
Bryde's                      254     13,795        7,913     21,962
Minke                    131,866     34,826      117,213    283,905
Right                        141        967        4,452      5,560
Gray                           0      3,350            0      3,350
Unspecified/Other          7,865      8,406        7,297     23,568
Sub-total Hemisphere     276,442    563,696
Totals                              840,138    2,053,956  2,894,094

Table 2.--Northern Hemisphere industrial whaling totals, including
illegal Soviet whaling, by decade, 1900-99 (Soviet data for which
only sum totals are available are not included).

Species   1900-1909   1910-1919   1920-1929   1930-1939   1940-1949

Blue          4,830       3,040       2,738       1,126         554
Fin          12,570      18,548      23,977      12,599      11,931
Sperm           294       3,449       7,512      11,793      21,666
Humpback      4,409       7,437       8,005       2,513         923
Sei           2,903       6,460       7,677       5,446       5,255
Bryde's           0           0          20           4         418
Minke             0          38         156       7,578      23,752
Gray              0       1,057         550         747         480
Right            92          72          88          46          35
Unspec.      11,212       2,153         147       2,250          43

Total        36,310      42,254      50,870      44,102      65,057

Species   1950-1959   1960-1969   1970-1979   1980-1989   1990-1999

Blue          1,483       1,731          35           0           0
Fin          25,137      30,824       9,769       2,252           0
Sperm        64,092     153,193      82,429       4,960           0
Humpback      2,538       7,700          60           0           0
Sei          10,941      33,439      14,253         577           0
Bryde's         934         480       4,940       3,786           1
Minke        38,976      36,929      37,550      17,606       3,418
Gray             28         339           0           0           0
Right            84         676          15           0           0
Unspec.         299           4           5          13           0

Total       144,512     265,315     149,056      29,194       3,419

Table 3.--Southern Hemisphere industrial whaling totals,
by decade, 1900-1999.

Species    1900-1909    1910-1919    1920-1929    1930-1939

Blue             758       30,263       84,319      163,687
Fin            1,070       36,753       66,084      137,490
Sperm             11        4,122        6,609       21,540
Humpback      11,603       57,205       14,090       31,758
Sei              661        2,549        6,373        2,333
Bryde's            3          607          322           57
Minke              0            6            1            0
Right            331          487          119          122
Unspec.        1,363        3,311          313        2,198
Totals        15,800      135,303      178,230      359,185

Species    1940-1949    1950-1959    1960-1969    1970-1979

Blue          40,389       29,149       13,696        1,387
Fin          100,705      262,404      111,776       10,178
Sperm         34,888       96,997      141,754       99,735
Humpback      11,105       58,849       31,195           43
Sei            4,305       21,302      131,538       35,528
Bryde's          450          252        1,619        3,577
Minke              1          132        3,196       64,152
Right              2          250        3,137            4
Unspec.           87           15            9            1
Totals       191,932      469,350      437,920      214,605

Species    1980-1989    1990-1999

Blue               0            0
Fin                1            0
Sperm            879            0
Humpback           0            0
Sei                0            0
Bryde's        1,026            0
Minke         45,974        3,751
Right              0            0
Unspec.            0            0
Totals        47,880        3,751

Table 4.--Northern Hemisphere industrialized whaling
catches, including corrected Soviet data (1948-79). Data
from C. Allison, IWC summary catch database Version 5.3,
Date: 25 October 2012, Areas: North Atlantic and Arctic,
North Pacific, Japan and Korea, and Ivashchenko et al.
Soviet North Pacific catches 2012. Annual totals exclude all
Soviet data for North Pacific right whales.

                         1900         1901         1902         1903

Blue                      381          299          142          492
Fin                       502          570          673          988
Sperm                       0            8            2          152
Humpback                  131          308          423          722
Sei                        40           29           58          106
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       0            0            0            0
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            2            2
Unspecified/Other          597       1,029        1,643          966

                        1,651        2,243        2,943        3,428

                         1904         1905         1906         1907

Blue                      862        1,002          477          391
Fin                      1945        1,882        1,179        1,365
Sperm                      13           11           10           16
Humpback                  697          323          323          293
Sei                       176          136          473          476
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       0            0            0            0
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       2            0            6           25
Unspecified/Other         651          747        1,033        2,140

                        4,346        4,101        3,501        4,706

                         1908         1909    1900-1909         1910

Blue                      412          372        4,830          336
Fin                     1,576         1890       12,570        1,731
Sperm                      13           69          294           78
Humpback                  510          679        4,409          888
Sei                       646          763        2,903          503
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       0            0            0            0
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                      28           27           92           19
Unspecified/Other       1,478          928       11,212        1,304

                        4,663        4,728       36,310        4,859

                         1911         1912         1913         1914

Blue                      577          605          248          400
Fin                     2,705        2,112        1,905        2,661
Sperm                     238          178          204          380
Humpback                1,296        1,135          773        1,043
Sei                       581          390          567          554
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       0            0            0            1
Gray                      122          193          132          174
Right                       3           13            3            7
Unspecified/Other         185          319           27           83

                        5,707        4,945        3,859        5,303

                         1915         1916         1917         1918

Blue                      174          164          235          140
Fin                     1,735        1,444        1,045        1,724
Sperm                     312          438          278          729
Humpback                  594          455          350          306
Sei                       731          461          728        1,027
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                      10            0            6            7
Gray                      139           78           69          104
Right                       8            9            2            3
Unspecified/Other           0           61            0          104

                        3,703        3,110        2,713        4,144

                         1919    1910-1919        Total

Blue                      161         3040        7,870
Fin                     1,486       18,548       31,118
Sperm                     614        3,449        3,743
Humpback                  597        7,437       11,846
Sei                       918        6,460        9,363
Bryde's                     0            0            0
Minke                      14           38           38
Gray                       46        1,057        1,057
Right                       5           72          164
Unspecified/Other          70        2,153       13,365

                        3,911       42,254       78,564

                         1920         1921         1922         1923

Blue                      242           60          163          174
Fin                     1,653        1,019        1,864        2,606
Sperm                     424          387          840          712
Humpback                  790          331          993          933
Sei                     1,081          565          552          801
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       6           20           20           20
Gray                       68          116           49           27
Right                       5            8            5           11
Unspecified/Other           41          11           13           20

                        4,310        2,517        4,499        5,304

                         1924         1925         1926         1927

Blue                      261          321          351          257
Fin                     3,183        3,733        3,638        2,464
Sperm                     640          780          937          783
Humpback                  624        1,085        1,135        1,218
Sei                       961          944          858          790
Bryde's                     0            2           18            0
Minke                      20           20           13           13
Gray                       18          142           53           42
Right                      11           10           10           10
Unspecified/Other           0           44           18            0

                        5,718        7,081        7,031        5,577

                         1928         1929    1920-1929         1930

Blue                      500          409        2,738          237
Fin                     2,070        1,747       23,977        1,729
Sperm                   1,012          997        7,512        1,001
Humpback                  556          340        8,005          331
Sei                       538          587        7,677          571
Bryde's                     0            0           20            0
Minke                       9           15          156           60
Gray                       21           14          550           30
Right                      11            7           88            2
Unspecified/Other           0            0          147          300

                        4,717        4,116       50,870        4,261

                         1931         1932         1933         1934

Blue                       75          157           86           94
Fin                       879        1,033        1,373        1,167
Sperm                     368          470          903          961
Humpback                  109          229          302          292
Sei                       478          455          421          488
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                     194          369          546          731
Gray                       11           17          106          154
Right                       8           20            4            0
Unspecified/Other           3            0            5          506

                        2,125        2,750        3,746        4,393

                         1935         1936         1937         1938

Blue                      172           85          123           56
Fin                       981        1,118        2,005        1,077
Sperm                   1,132        1,566        1,865        1,618
Humpback                  374          271          263          121
Sei                       511          506          622          658
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                     908        1,078        1,283        1,422
Gray                      144          188           14           54
Right                       2            0            6            0
Unspecified/Other         615          613            0          208

                        4,839        5,425        6,181        5,214

                         1939    1930-1939        Total

Blue                       41        1,126        3,864
Fin                     1,237       12,599       36,576
Sperm                   1,909       11,793       19,305
Humpback                  221        2,513       10,518
Sei                       736        5,446       13,123
Bryde's                     4            4           24
Minke                     987        7,578        7,734
Gray                       29          747        1,297
Right                       0           42          130
Unspecified/Other           0        2,250        2,397

                        5,164       44,098       94,968

                         1940         1941         1942         1943

Blue                       53           79           20           16
Fin                       867        1,134          767          734
Sperm                   2,378        2,388        1,325        1,821
Humpback                  201           81           72          116
Sei                       432          692          308          399
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                     727        2,365        2,459        1,911
Gray                      105           57          101           99
Right                       1            5            6           13
Unspecified/Other            8           0            0            0

                        4,772        6,801        5,058        5,109

                         1944         1945         1946         1947

Blue                        7           27           46           66
Fin                       898          847        1,419        1,459
Sperm                   1,748        1,050        2,187        2,420
Humpback                   75           21           36           38
Sei                       789          108          556          405
Bryde's                     0            0           29          158
Minke                   1,610        1,878        2,013        2,716
Gray                        6           58           22           31
Right                       3            1            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0           35            0            0

                        5,136        4,025        6,308        7,293

                         1948         1949    1940-1949         1950

Blue                      142           98          554           73
Fin                     2,037        1,769       11,931        1,992
Sperm                   3,046        3,303       21,666        4,073
Humpback                  170          113          923          147
Sei                       643          923        5,255          420
Bryde's                   115          116          418          243
Minke                   3,893        4,180       23,752        2,275
Gray                        0            1          480            0
Right                       1            0           30            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0           43            0

                       10,047       10,503       65,052        9,223

                         1951         1952         1953         1954

Blue                      125          147          157          223
Fin                     2,053        1,886        1,836        2,697
Sperm                   4,943        4,557        4,681        5,331
Humpback                  103          131          122          286
Sei                       759          960          975        1,180
Bryde's                   280          411            0            0
Minke                   3,195        3,898        2,931        3,952
Gray                        1            0           10            0
Right                       1            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0           49           29           82

                       11,460       12,039       10,741       13,751

                         1955         1956         1957         1958

Blue                      155          161          154          132
Fin                     2,718        2,719        3,084        3,224
Sperm                   6,539        7,800        8,593        9,008
Humpback                  195          256          330          495
Sei                       962        1,154          969        1,651
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                   4,840        4,338        4,444        5,265
Gray                        0            0            0            8
Right                       0            2            0            0
Unspecified/Other          98           28           13            0

                       15,507       16,458       17,587       19,783

                         1959    1950-1959        Total

Blue                      156        1,483        2,037
Fin                     2,928       25,137       37,068
Sperm                   8,567       64,092       85,758
Humpback                  473        2,538        3,461
Sei                     1,911       10,941       16,196
Bryde's                     0          934        1,352
Minke                   3,838       38,976       62,728
Gray                        9           28          508
Right                       1            4           34
Unspecified/Other           0          299          342

                       17,883      144,432      209,484

                         1960         1961         1962         1963

Blue                       86           92          150          605
Fin                     2,946        2,421        2,651        3,725
Sperm                   8,711        8,230        8,581       13,171
Humpback                  298          526        1,920        2,722
Sei                     1,294        1,025        2,216        2,680
Bryde's                     0            0          196            0
Minke                   3,991        3,856        3,987        4,083
Gray                        9            4            4            2
Right                       0            3            3            3
Unspecified/Other            0           0            0            0

                       17,335       16,157       19,708       26,991

                         1964         1965         1966         1967

Blue                      254          279           61           97
Fin                     4,816        3,480        3,195        3,040
Sperm                  13,093       18,405       23,017       20,890
Humpback                1,450          538           82          106
Sei                     3,789        3,291        3,824        5,208
Bryde's                     0            0            2           22
Minke                   3,796        3,391        3,232        3,266
Gray                       20            4           57           99
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            3            1

                       27,218       29,388       33,473       32,729

                         1968         1969    1960-1969         1970

Blue                       56           51        1,731           20
Fin                     2,497        2,053       30,824        1,839
Sperm                  18,967       20,128      153,193       16,131
Humpback                   46           12        7,700           28
Sei                     5,073        5,039       33,439        3,966
Bryde's                   171           89          480           73
Minke                   3,795        3,532       36,929        3,812
Gray                       66           74          339            0
Right                       2            0           11            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            4            0

                       30,673       30,978      264,650       25,869

                         1971         1972         1973         1974

Blue                        8            0            1            0
Fin                     1,424        1,464          822          875
Sperm                  11,974        6,977        7,036        8,805
Humpback                   21            0            0           10
Sei                     3,221        2,638        2,004        1,336
Bryde's                   281          130           73          705
Minke                   3,764        4,497        3,930        3,525
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            2            1
Unspecified/Other           0            1            0            0

                       20,693       15,707       13,868       15,257

                         1975         1976         1977         1978

Blue                        0            1            2            3
Fin                       558          561          430          945
Sperm                   8,508        7,798        6,696        4,861
Humpback                    0            1            0            0
Sei                       699           13          139          139
Bryde's                   804          972          721          380
Minke                   3,543        4,055        3,612        3,288
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            1            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            0            4

                       14,112       13,401       11,601        9,620

                         1979    1970-1979        Total

Blue                        0           35        1,766
Fin                       851        9,769       40,593
Sperm                   3,643       82,429      235,622
Humpback                    0           60        7,760
Sei                        98       14,253       47,692
Bryde's                   801         4940        5,420
Minke                   3,524       37,550       74,479
Gray                        0            0          339
Right                       0            4           15
Unspecified/Other           0            5            9

                        8,917      149,045      413,695

                         1980         1981         1982         1983

Blue                        0            0            0            0
Fin                       459          404          347          269
Sperm                   1,517        1,163          621          414
Humpback                    0            0            0            0
Sei                       103          100           71          100
Bryde's                   755          485          482          545
Minke                   3,557        3,212        3,391        2,848
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other            3           4            3            3

                        6,394        5,368        4,915        4,179

                         1984         1985         1986         1987

Blue                        0            0            0            0
Fin                       271          210           76           80
Sperm                     454          400          200          191
Humpback                    0            0            0            0
Sei                        95           38           40           20
Bryde's                   528          357          317          317
Minke                   1,753        1,365          759          673
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            0            0

                        3,101        2,370        1,392        1,281

                         1988         1989    1980-1989         1990

Blue                        0            0            0            0
Fin                        68           68        2,252            0
Sperm                       0            0        4,960            0
Humpback                    0            0            0            0
Sei                        10            0          577            0
Bryde's                     0            0        3,786            0
Minke                      29           19       17,606            0
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0           13            0

                          107           87       29,194            0

                         1991         1992         1993         1994

Blue                        0            0            0            0
Fin                         0            0            0            0
Sperm                       0            0            0            0
Humpback                    0            0            0            0
Sei                         0            0            0            0
Bryde's                     0            0            0            0
Minke                       1           95          226          280
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            0            0

                            1           95          226          280

                         1995         1996         1997         1998

Blue                        0            0            0            0
Fin                         0            0            0            0
Sperm                       0            0            0            0
Humpback                    0            0            0            0
Sei                         0            0            0            0
Bryde's                     0            0            0            1
Minke                     318          465          617          725
Gray                        0            0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0            0            0

                          318          465          617          726

                         1999    1990-1999        Total

Blue                        0            0            0
Fin                         0            0        2,252
Sperm                       0            0        4,960
Humpback                    0            0            0
Sei                         0            0          577
Bryde's                     0            1        3,787
Minke                     691        3,418       21,024
Gray                        0            0            0
Right                       0            0            0
Unspecified/Other           0            0           13

                          691        3,419       32,613

Soviet numbers for right whales not entered into decades

                    1900-1919    1920-1939    1940-1959    1960-1979

Blue                    7,870        3,864        2,037        1,766
Fin                    31,118       36,576       37,068       40,593
Sperm                   3,743       19,305       85,758      235,622
Humpback               11,846       10,518        3,461        7,760
Sei                     9,363       13,123       16,196       47,692
Bryde's                     0           24        1,352        5,420
Minke                      38        7,734       62,728       74,479
Gray                    1,057        1,297          508          339
Right                     164          130           34           15
Unspecified/Other      13,365        2,397          342            9

                       78,564       94,968      209,484      413,695

                    1980-1999      Totals   Addl Soviet    Total All

Blue                        0      15,537                     15,537
Fin                     2,252     147,607                    147,607
Sperm                   4,960     349,388         5,600      354,988
Humpback                    0      33,585                     33,585
Sei                       577      86,951                     86,951
Bryde's                 3,787      10,583         3,466       14,049
Minke                  21,024     166,003           689      166,692
Gray                        0       3,201           149        3,350
Right                       0         343           765        1,108
Unspecified/Other          13      16,126           145       16,271

                       32,613     829,324        10,814      840,138

Soviet numbers for right whales entered into decades

                    1900-1919   1920-1939     1940-1959    1960-1979

Blue                    7,870       3,864         2,037        1,766
Fin                    31,118      36,576        37,068       40,593
Sperm                   3,743      19,305        85,758      235,622
Humpback               11,846      10,518         3,461        7,760
Sei                     9,363      13,123        16,196       47,692
Bryde's                     0          24         1,352        5,420
Minke                      38       7,734        62,728       74,479
Gray                    1,057       1,297           508          339
Right                     164         134           120          690
Unspecified/Other      13,365       2,397           342            9

                       78,564      94,972       209,570      414,370

                    1980-1999      Totals   Addl Soviet    Total All

Blue                        0      15,537                     15,537
Fin                     2,252     147,607                    147,607
Sperm                   4,960     349,388         5,600      354,988
Humpback                    0      33,585                     33,585
Sei                       577      86,951                     86,951
Bryde's                 3,787      10,583         3,466       14,049
Minke                  21,024     166,003           689      166,692
Gray                        0       3,201           149        3,350
Right                       0       1,108                      1,108
Unspecified/Other          13      16,126           145       16,271

                       32,613    830,089         10,049      840,138

Table 5.--Southern Hemisphere industrialized whaling catches data from:
C. Allison. IWC Summary catch database Version 5.3,
Date: 25 Oct. 2012 Areas; South Pacific, South Atlantic,
Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere.

                       1900         1901         1902         1903

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            0            0
Sperm                     0            0            0            0
Humpback                  8            8            8            9
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Total                     0            8            8            9

                       1904         1905         1906         1907

Blue                     11           51           68          106
Fin                       4          104           93          122
Sperm                     0            3            1            0
Humpback                188          319          449        1,399
Sei                       0           97            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                     0           16           81           93
Unspecified               0          130          428          520

Total                   203          720        1,120        2,240

                       1908         1909    1900-1909         1910

Blue                    310          212          758          365
Fin                     310          437        1,070          721
Sperm                     1            6           11            0
Humpback              3,422        5,793       11,603       10,201
Sei                     218          346          661          225
Bryde's                   0            3            3            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                    68           73          331           99
Unspecified              46          239         1363          734

Total                 4,375        7,109       15,800       12,345

                       1911         1912         1913         1914

Blue                  1,292        2,590        3,112        5,376
Fin                   2,034        5,132        5,707        4,897
Sperm                    20          480          525          681
Humpback             11,830       11,185       10,553        7,605
Sei                      38          175        1,055          398
Bryde's                  73          187          126           51
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                   107           23           78           25
Unspecified           1,287          419          261            0

Total                16,681       20,191       21,417       19,033

                       1915         1916         1917         1918

Blue                  5,702        4,441        3,159        2,219
Fin                   6,150        2,956        2,265        3,203
Sperm                   766          684          191          224
Humpback              3,888          744          316          340
Sei                      98           99          109          105
Bryde's                  96           26            0           32
Minke                     1            0            5            0
Right                    36           20           60           18
Unspecified             140          470            0            0

Total                16,877        9,440        6,105        6,141

                       1919    1910-1919        Total

Blue                  2,007       30,263       31,021
Fin                   3,688       36,753       37,823
Sperm                   551        4,122        4,133
Humpback                543       57,205       68,808
Sei                     247        2,549        3,210
Bryde's                  16          607          610
Minke                     0            6            6
Right                    21          487          818
Unspecified               0        3,311        4,674

Total                 7,073      135,303      151,103

                       1920         1921         1922         1923

Blue                  3,023        4,637        6,787        4,926
Fin                   5,924        2,787        4,339        3,914
Sperm                   409          422          250          299
Humpback                567          370        1,710        1,572
Sei                     107          150          143          390
Bryde's                  17            0            3           11
Minke                     0            1            0            0
Right                    16            8            4           15
Unspecified              43            0            0            0

Total                10,106        8,375       13,236       11,127

                       1924         1925         1926         1927

Blue                  6,714        6,196        8,663       10,278
Fin                   5,364       10,173        7,019        5,953
Sperm                   437          807          743          808
Humpback              1,420        2,686        1,878        1,345
Sei                     672          404        1,255        1,343
Bryde's                  84           29           60           31
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                    11           17           26            6
Unspecified               0            0            0          260

Total                14,702       20,312       19,644       20,024

                       1928         1929    1920-1929         1930

Blue                 14,333       18,762       84,319       30,490
Fin                   7,708       12,903       66,084       11,171
Sperm                 1,096        1,338        6,609          676
Humpback              1,408        1,134       14,090        1,441
Sei                   1,447          462        6,373          358
Bryde's                  60           27          322           14
Minke                     0            0            1            0
Right                     4           12          119            4
Unspecified               0           10          313            0

Total                26,056       34,648      178,230       44,154

                       1931         1932         1933         1934

Blue                  6,657       19,023       17,456       16,625
Fin                   3,336        5,517        7,824       13,228
Sperm                   197          454        1,084        1,246
Humpback                418          506        1,089        3,283
Sei                      44           35           26          324
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                     0           23           14           17
Unspecified               0            0            0          200

Total                10,652       25,558       27,493       34,923

                       1935         1936         1937         1938

Blue                 17,892       14,670       15,174       14,175
Fin                  10,294       15,865       29,446       21,479
Sperm                 1,191        4,149        5,621        3,964
Humpback              4,906        8,806        7,206        3,810
Sei                     187          803          285          133
Bryde's                   0            7           36            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                    30            4            8           15
Unspecified              44            0            1            4

Total                34,544       44,304       57,777       43,580

                       1939    1930-1939        Total

Blue                 11,525      163,687      248,006
Fin                  19,330      137,490      203,574
Sperm                 2,958       21,540       28,149
Humpback                293       31,758       45,848
Sei                     138        2,333        8,706
Bryde's                   0           57          379
Minke                     0            0            1
Right                     7          122          241
Unspecified           1,949        2,198        2,511

Total                36,200      359,185      537,415

                       1940         1941         1942         1943

Blue                  4,975           65          127          349
Fin                   8,168        1,382          980        1,459
Sperm                 1,366        2,563        3,543        3,755
Humpback              2,967          181          227          174
Sei                     139           57           86          231
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                     0            0            0            1
Unspecified              26            0            0            0

Totals               17,641        4,248        4,963        5,969

                       1944         1945         1946         1947

Blue                  1,050        3,647        9,237        6,968
Fin                   1,953        9,429       14,970       21,766
Sperm                   860        1,062        2,431        6,788
Humpback                263          461          249          253
Sei                     102          119          469          810
Bryde's                   0            0            0           55
Minke                     0            0            0            0
Right                     0            0            1            0
Unspecified               0            0           31           12

Totals                4,228       14,718       27,388       36,652

                       1948         1949    1940-1949         1950

Blue                  7,731        6,240       40,389        7,107
Fin                  19,962       20,636      100,705       20,160
Sperm                 8,179        4,341       34,888        6,318
Humpback                461        5,869       11,105        5,621
Sei                     788        1,504        4,305        1,157
Bryde's                 238          157          450          100
Minke                     0            1            1            0
Right                     0            0            2            0
Unspecified              17            1           87            6

Totals               37,376       38,749      191,932       40,469

                       1951         1952         1953         1954

Blue                  5,202        4,005        2,888        2,535
Fin                  23,920       23,945       28,568       28,833
Sperm                15,852        4,015        5,377       12,605
Humpback              4,788        3,492        2,952        4,067
Sei                   1,642        1,852        1,576          827
Bryde's                  23            0            7            0
Minke                     4            6           12            0
Right                    22            9           17           34
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals               51,453       37,324       41,397       48,901

                       1955         1956         1957         1958

Blue                  1,739        1,715        1,769        1,251
Fin                  27,734       28,374       27,817       27,469
Sperm                10,126        8,255       12,318       11,541
Humpback              6,168        3,149        4,774        8,065
Sei                     906        1,955        3,615        3,076
Bryde's                   0           14           36           29
Minke                    36           45           13           11
Right                    18           49           19            3
Unspecified               1            0            8            0

Totals               46,728       43,556       50,369       51,445

                       1959    1950-1959        Total

Blue                    938       29,149       69,538
Fin                  25,584      262,404      363,109
Sperm                10,590       96,997      131,885
Humpback             15,773       58,849       69,954
Sei                   4,696       21,302       25,607
Bryde's                  43          252          702
Minke                     5          132          133
Right                    79          250          252
Unspecified               0           15          102

Totals               57,708      469,350      661,282

                       1960         1961         1962         1963

Blue                  1,743        1,145        1,748        1,508
Fin                  27,299       27,085       17,910       14,218
Sperm                11,757       14,458       15,884       21,814
Humpback             14,902        7,210        3,744          844
Sei                   6,409        7,195        6,962       10,903
Bryde's                  10           23           73          139
Minke                     3            3           19          120
Right                     6        1,355          727          374
Unspecified               0            8            0            0

Totals               62,129       58,482       47,067       49,920

                       1964         1965         1966         1967

Blue                  3,349        1,477          665          461
Fin                   7,957        3,931        3,882        2,603
Sperm                20,610       12,631       13,073        9,911
Humpback                270        2,195        1,096          928
Sei                  21,964       21,298       17,611       16,412
Bryde's                 681          428          151           73
Minke                    63           81          389        1,118
Right                    82          350          161            4
Unspecified               0            1            0            0

Totals               54,976       42,392       37,028       31,510

                       1968         1969    1960-1969         1970

Blue                    674          926       13,696          835
Fin                   3,760        3,131      111,776        3,422
Sperm                 9,323       12,293      141,754       12,632
Humpback                  5            1       31,195            0
Sei                  11,679       11,105      131,538        9,431
Bryde's                   8           33        1,619           19
Minke                   630          770        3,196          915
Right                     0           78        3,137            2
Unspecified               0            0            9            1

Totals               26,079       28,337      437,920       27,257

                       1971         1972         1973         1974

Blue                    544            7            1            0
Fin                   2,324        1,822        1,341        1,026
Sperm                17,073       13,311       12,708       14,038
Humpback                  3            5            4            4
Sei                   7,466        4,373        4,926        4,406
Bryde's                 486            8          317          467
Minke                 4,162        6,583        8,541        8,037
Right                     2            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals               32,060       26,109       27,838       27,978

                       1975         1976         1977         1978

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                     233            8            2            0
Sperm                10,797        6,666        6,026        5,681
Humpback                  8            4            4           11
Sei                   2,272        1,898          590          101
Bryde's                 434          623          506          417
Minke                 7,185        8,676        6,000        6,156
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals               20,929       17,875       13,128       12,366

                       1979    1970-1979        Total

Blue                      0        1,387       15,083
Fin                       0       10,178      121,954
Sperm                   803       99,735      241,489
Humpback                  0           43       31,238
Sei                      65       35,528      167,066
Bryde's                 300        3,577        5,196
Minke                 7,897       64,152       67,348
Right                     0            4        3,141
Unspecified               0            1           10

Totals                9,065      214,605      652,525

                       1980         1981         1982         1983

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            0            1
Sperm                   574          289            0            0
Humpback                  0            0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                 211          162          320          333
Minke                 7,142        7,903        7,301        6,680
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals                7,927        8,354        7,621        7,014

                       1984         1985         1986         1987

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            0            0
Sperm                     0            0            9            7
Humpback                  0            0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                 5,568        5,567        4,969          273
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals                5,568        5,567        4,978          280

                       1988         1989    1980-1989         1990

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            1            0
Sperm                     0            0          879            0
Humpback                  0            0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0        1,026            0
Minke                   241          330       45,974          327
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals                  241          330       47,880          327

                       1991         1992         1993         1994

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            0            0
Sperm                     0            0            0            0
Humpback                  0            0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                   288          330          330          330
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals                  288          330          330          330

                       1995         1996         1997         1998

Blue                      0            0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            0            0
Sperm                     0            0            0            0
Humpback                  0            0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0            0            0
Minke                   440          440          438          389
Right                     0            0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0            0

Totals                  440          440          438          389

                       1999    1990-1999        Total

Blue                      0            0            0
Fin                       0            0            1
Sperm                     0            0          879
Humpback                  0            0            0
Sei                       0            0            0
Bryde's                   0            0        1,026
Minke                   439        3,751       49,725
Right                     0            0            0
Unspecified               0            0            0

Totals                  439        3,751       51,631

                  1900-1919    1920-1939    1940-1959    1960-1979

Blue                 31,021      248,006       69,538       15,083
Fin                  37,823      203,574      363,109      121,954
Sperm                 4,133       28,149      131,885      241,489
Humpback             68,808       45,848       69,954       31,238
Sei                   3,210        8,706       25,607      167,066
Bryde's                 610          379          702        5,196
Minke                     6            1          133       67,348
Right                   818          241          252        3,141
Unspecified           4,674        2,511          102           10

Totals              151,103      537,415      661,282      652,525

                  1980-1999       Totals

Blue                      0      363,648
Fin                       1      726,461
Sperm                   879      406,535
Humpback                  0      215,848
Sei                       0      204,589
Bryde's               1,026        7,913
Minke                49,725      117,213
Right                     0        4,452
Unspecified               0        7,297

Totals               51,631    2,053,956