Influences of the growth of the carbon dioxide emissions depending on the process of photosynthesis in Timisoara.

Marinescu, Sorin Alin ; Rusnac, Lucian ; Dobren, Flavius Andrei 等

1. INTRODUCTION

This paper is an integral part of a more extensive study that represents a case study for the city of Timisoara, which highlights the statistics and mathematical modeling of the carbon dioxide emissions and of the absorption of the carbon dioxide through the photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide recorded a significant quantity increases from one year to another, caused mainly by emissions from burning fossil fuels and reducing photosynthesis process as a result of grubbing-up forests (Skiba et al., 2002).

The most important groups of anthropogenic pollution sources are burning in industrial processes, individual heating systems of housing, traffic, auto, cylinders with spray, etc.(Ionel et al., 2004).

The vaste majority of pollutants are the product of combustion processes in large heating centrals, of power system and of the combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines. This is the reason why sources like the industry and the auto traffic occupy the front places in the research related to the air quality (Ionel et al., 2004).

Inevitable, C[O.sub.2] is a product of burning fossil fuels; the limitation of C[O.sub.2] emissions can be done only by changing the fuel used, finding alternative energy sources, by increasing efficiency of combustion plants (Wehner et al., 2004).

C[O.sub.2] is a greenhouse gas, international laws relating to sustainable development impose limitations at country level regarding the amount emitted into the atmosphere.

Together with the increased importance given to quality of life, the level of pollution has sharply increased in the last two decades (http://www.mmediu.ro/arhiva.htm; 2008)

Different causes may be found in the evolution of technology, transport systems with internal combustion engines, which have become subject of discussions related to environmental protection. In literature it is specified that the activity of transport is responsible for about 33 to 35% of total CO2 emissions, representing the 5th factor in rank which contributes to creating the effect of global heating of the planet; transport holds such 7% of the polluting sources generating this effect (Ionel et al., 2004).

Road transport is the key reason for the deterioration of the environmental factors. In the centers of large urban areas, road traffic is responsible for about 90-95% of the concentrations of carbon monoxide and lead found in air, for 60-70% of the nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, and for a significant percentage of particles under suspension (Ionel et al., 2004).

Nevertheless, paradoxically, while the problems of pollution caused by road transport become critical, application and use of vehicles continues to grow. The standard of living wrongly interpreted and that infrastructure has evolved without control judicios only on economic considerations, reinforces unsustainable, have turned the car into an indispensable factor, which may be interpreted as a necessary evil (Ertl et al., 1999).

Internal motors used in transport, generate an air pollution per unit of energy more than any other consumer of energy. Road transport occupies a major share, being responsible for many harmful effects of cross-biological systems (Ionel et al., 2004).

2. CASE STUDY C[O.sub.2] EMISSIONS IN TIMISOARA

This case study presents and highlights in table 1 the status of the carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to the months of January, April, July and October 2006, as well as the C[O.sub.2] emissions from road transport, Colterm, and other combustion sources (including waste incineration) in relation to carbon dioxide absorbed through the process of photosynthesis for the city of Timisoara.

Clean vegetation function is to influence the physical and climatic factors in their environment. The influence we talk about depends on the volume and its crown, on the leaf density, the number and thickness of tree branches and age.

Clean vegetation function is to influence the physical and climatic factors in their environment. The influence we talk about depends on the volume and its crown, on the leaf density, the number and thickness of tree branches and age. Their influence can be especially felt in the absorption of C02, interception of precipitation, absorption of solar energy, powerful sound absorption, emission of oxygen and of the filter for the solid particles in the air.

The absorption of the solar energy in the leaves by assimilation of the chlorophyll can be materialized through access to the photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis represents the transformation process of the raw sap into the sap developed at the leaves through chlorophyll when light, with the absorption of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen.

In general, the leaves of plants (Ciupa et al., 2005) assimilate carbon dioxide with an intensity of approximately 20 mg/[dm.sup.2] of the leaves/ 1 hour; 1[m.sup.2] gathered around the leaves. 10g organic substances/ day. The absorption of the carbon dioxide is approximately. 30 mg/[dm.sup.2] / hour.

Oxygen, the most important substance for life, is produced mostly through biological processes. The research (1) as a result "in the process of formation of 1 tons of timber, the forest issue 1.3 tons oxygen-free, one hectare of forest productivity average oxygen produces 6-8 tons/ year in the hot days, with the sun, a hectare forest high productivity eliminate 180 to 220 kg per day oxygen" (Ciupa et al., 2005)

The next three charts present the status of the carbon dioxide emissions for the data presented in table1 (time range) and the carbon dioxide absorption by plants for the same time range.

The first chart represents the evolution of C[O.sub.2] emissions according to sources (road transport, Coltherm and other burning and incineration installations) for the analyzed periods.

The second chart presents the evolution of the adsorption capacity of the CO2 through the process of photosynthesis.

The third chart presents the weight of the C[O.sub.2] adsorption through the photosynthesis process depending on the amount of emissions of C[O.sub.2].

[FIGURE 1 OMITTED]

[FIGURE 2 OMITTED]

[FIGURE 3 OMITTED]

3. CONCLUSIONS

The issue of green space for parks and vegetation is very acute in Timisoara. Because of the heavily increase of the population, the green area for a person is net inferior to the one reglemented in the international norms. Timisoara, although once called the city of parks (Ciupa et al, 2005), is nowadays behind many other cities, although some areas for fitting out green spaces could be achieved through concrete decommissioning of industrial units and stores closed for over 10 years that do not produce anything but pollution.

In conclusion, analyzing the quantities of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during photosynthesis, it is maximum 35% in summer months (July) when this process (photosynthesis) is very high because the functions of plant vegetation are maximum in this period and under 6 % In winter months when the period of plant vegetation existed only resinous (the other plants stopped during the winter having vegetative functions). The small percentage of the carbon dioxide adsorped in relation to quantities of carbon dioxidegenerated byvarious sources, sources quoted in the paper (the transport and other combustion installations) is materialized by the increasing pollution in the past 10 years, tripling the population and its needs, by broadening the areas inhabited by sometimes reducing green spaces and doubling the number of vehicles are issues that are raised not only at the city level but throughout the world. In this case, we are moving faster, with larger steps towards an ecological collapse following the pace of increase in pollution in the past 10 years in relation to the decrease of green spaces, which could lead to another phenomenon like "Copsa Mica" Romania, the only other type.

4. REFERENCES

Ciupa V., Radoslav R., Oarcea C. & Oarcea Z. (2005). Timisoara verde. Sistemul de spatii verzial Timisoarei Green Timisoara. The green spaces of Timisoara, Marineasa Printing House, Timisoara

Ertl G., Knozinger H & Weitkamp J. (1999). Environmental Catalysis, Weinheim

Ionel I., Popescu Fr., Oprisa-Stanescu D.P., Bisorca D. & Gruescu Cl. (2004). Energoecologia combustibililor fosili. Teme experimental-Energoecology of fossil fuels. Experimental subjects, pg. 130, ISBN 973 625 186 1, Politehnica Printing House, Timisoara

Skiba, Yu.N. & Davydova Belitskaya, V. (2002). Air pollution estimates in Guadalajara City, 153-162., Environ. Model. Assess. 7

Wehner, B., Philippin, S., Wiedensohler, A., Scheer, V. & Vogt, R. (2004). Variability of non-volatile fractions of atmospheric aerosol particles with traffic influence. Atmospheric Environment 38 (36), 6081-6090 Available from: http://www.mmediu.ro/arhiva.htm ; Accessed: 200806-02

Tab. 1: The C[O.sub.2] emissions in Timisoara

Months C[O.sub.2] C[O.sub.2]- C[O.sub.2]
 Colterm[t] road of other
 emissions transport combustion
 emissions

January 82517 23381.17 79397.29
April 35239 23381.17 33906.72
July 3311 23381.17 3185.821
October 30362 23381.17 29214.11
Total 151429 23381.17 79397.29

Months C[O.sub.2] Rest
 adsorption of CO2
 photosynthesis [t]
 [t]

January 596.0877 184699.4
April 8933.36 83593.53
July 10509.189 19368.8
October 7654.413 75302.86
Total 27693.05 184699.4