Driving on the green road: self-archiving research for open access in India.

Dora, Mallikarjun ; Maharana, Bulu

Introduction

In last few years there has been a sea change in the scholarly communication process due to the impact of Internet and the spread of 'open access' philosophy. Internet has emerged as a wonderful tool for providing unparallel opportunities for expanding availability of research information to everyone. As a result of gradual but growing acceptability of the open access philosophy, a large number of open access repositories (both subject and institutional based) have been coming up. According to ROAR (Registry of Open Access Repositories) there are more than 33202944 journal articles, theses, databases, conference proceeding available most of them are free. OpenDOAR and ROAR (Repository Service providers) has registered 1800, 2242 institutional and subject repositories. Similarly, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), an open access journals service provider has listed more than 6337 journals which are freely available through Internet connection. Other example will be Open J-gate, open journal systems and PubMed central. These are a few of the indicators which explain the mounting growth of Open Access resources day by day. Open access philosophy is shaping the new brave world of scholarly communication where the gap between haves and have-nots of research information is reduced. The road to new scholarly communication which can be called as open access to scholarly resources is fulfilling by two ways, open access repositories and open access journals. Open access repositories which also called green road is showing lot of possibilities for cent percent open access. India's growth with regard to open access to scholarly information can be measured through a recent survey which has ranked top 1200 repositories for supporting and advocating open access. The survey found 20 Indian repositories which are in top 1000 figured in the list of top 1200 repositories.

Self Archiving: The Green Road to Open Access

According to Harnad (2004) Self-archiving is one of the two general methods for providing open access. The other one is publishing in an open access journal. The former is called as "green" and the later as the "golden" road to open access. Self-archiving was first explicitly proposed universal practice by Stevan Harnad in his 1994 posting "Subversive Proposal". The Green Road is meant for continuing publishing in subscription based journals but the author of each article makes it Open Access by self archiving a copy of the author's peer reviewed final draft (the post print) in the author's OA institutional Repositories (IR). The green road of open access will be fulfilling through creating institutional repositories. An institutional repository is a digital collection of institution intellectual output. About 91% of peer-reviewed journals surveyed by eprints already endorse authors self-archiving of preprint and/or post-print versions of their papers.

Scientific Knowledge and India

India is one of the oldest civilizations with rich culture and diverse knowledge base from the ancient Harappa and Mahenjodaro civilization. It is one of the world's largest educational systems. It has a strong institutional framework for research in science, technology, humanities, and social science education and research with more than 2,900 R&D organizations including many labs in government and private domain (Lalitha Kumari, 2008). It is the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world with about 300 private and government universities, 45,000 and more colleges. The scientific output of all these agencies is quite substantial with India occupying the 13th rank among the top 146 countries in the world (Arunachalam, 2004). According to Web of Science India has produced 24659 in 2004, 27350 in 2005 and 30641 in 2006 articles, and the number is continuously increasing.

Barriers of Research Communication

In spite of its strength in research both at individual and institutional level, India is not yet placed in the top list of qualitative research publications. There are several reasons, of which two major problems are access and visibility. There is a need to improve the global access to local research and vice versa to make Indian research more competitive (Rajasekhar, 2003). According to Swan, India has suffered considerably from the scourge of journal impact factor (Swan, 2007). Indian scholars are trying to make their work visible to the world by publishing in western journals, which always have higher visibility than Indian journals. On the other hand, getting access to the same journals has been a long term problem for Indian scholars due to the high cost of subscription. Subbiah Arunachalam, an Indian scientists and OA advocate has also reserve his concern on these two issues-high cost of access and low visibility (Arunachalam; 2008).

Open Access Can Resolve the Problem

Nothing that has happened in the recent past could have as great influence as open access to science and scholarships in the developing world. 'Open Access' can resolve the access and visibility problem to a great extent. Research information will be more accessible to global researchers, and hence, will be better known and more widely used and cited. The prestige of researchers will increase significantly. All research will be open to all entrepreneurs and the general public with internet access. This will be beneficial both commercially and culturally. In a nutshell, the advantages of open access will be as follows:

* The authors and researchers benefit because their research papers are given a much wider dissemination and can be read without restriction by anyone with internet access;

* Articles self-archived by author receive between 50-250% more citation. (Brody, 2007)

* Researchers benefit because they will increasingly be able to access and use the full text of all research published in that area.

Spread of Open Access Philosophy in India

A growing number of Indian journals are moving towards the open access format of Internet publishing. These include the journal publishing by Indian Academy of Science (11 Journals), the Indian National Science Academy (4 Journals), Indian Medlars Center at the National Informatics Center (38 biomedical journals) and DOAJ(Directory of Open Access Journals) have listed 310 journal including the above. One Mumbai based private firm Med Know published 61 open access journals on behalf of their publisher 75 professional societies. Recently, DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology joined the league; it is the premier journal from library field published by DESIDOC. In terms of number of journals included in DOAJ, India ranked number five ahead of the many developed countries. Top 15 countries in terms of open access journal in DOAJ listed in table 1.

Table 1: list of Top 15 Countries in DOAJ

No      Country       Total No of Journal

1   United States                  1211

2   Brazil                          579

3   United Kingdom                  501

4   Spain                           361

5   India                           310

6   Germany                         212

7   Canada                          203

8   Romania                         174

9   Italy                           164

10  Turkey                          157

11  France                          131

12  Chile                           123

13  Colombia                        121

14  Australia                       113

15  Japan                           105

Taking all these into account, India has now spread head in the OA journals regime. Below graph shows year wise growth of OA journal, 2010 is the year 100 and above journals registered in DOAJ

There are more than 63 institutional and subject based repositories in India. Most of them are created at higher level of institutions like Indian Institute of Science (IISc), IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology) and IIMs (Indian Institutes of Management) and other CSIR, ICAR, ICMR research organizations.

The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore is coordinating the Digital Library of India project along with Carnegie Mellon University. In this project, 22 other institutions are participating and have digitized more than 4,50,000 books, out of which 2,20,000 books are web accessible. Secondary services for OA materials like Informatics India launched, Open J-Gate a free search service for materials available via open Access. Its covers 4360+ open access e-journals (http://openj-gate.com/).

There are open access courseware are also provided in India. NPTEL (National Programmes on Technology Enhanced Learning) jointly launched by the IITs and IISc, is a world class open courseware programme. IITs and IISc faculty prepare the course material and these are recorded in real life teaching situation for transmission over the web or as a video film or as both.

The Green Road for India

The present study has been carried out by taking data from various sources like Registry of Open Access Repository (http://roar.eprints.org/) and OpenDOAR (http://www.opendoar.org/). Data downloaded from above site were exported into a spreadsheet for analysis. A general search has been done in internet to found repositories which are not registered in both the above repository service. Duplicate data removed from the spreadsheet, total number of record taken from the repository website if not available through ROAR and OpenDOAR. After checking through all this above the final data were interpreted and analyzed based on certain parameter to get the whole picture of repository in India.

India is spread heading open access movement by developing a number of open access repositories using open source software like Dspace, Greenstone, Eprints, etc. There are more than 63 institutions which have operational institutional repositories in India. The following are the six Indian repositories which have been placed in the list of top 1200 repositories in the world in a ranking of world repositories done by Cybermetrics Lab, Spain.

Table 2: Top Twenty Institutional Repositories from India

Sr. No           Name of the repository               Top
                                                  Repository

1       Eprint at Indian Institute of Science,           116
        Bangalore

2       Indian Institute of Astrophysics,                222
        Bangalore

3       Openmed@nic                                      248

4       Vidyanidhi Digital Repsitory, Mysore             271
        University

5       ISI Digital Library                              341

6       National Institute of Oceanography,              382
        Digital Repsitory

7       National Institute of Technology,                519
        Rourkela

8       National Aerospace Laboratories,                 527
        Bangalore

9       Central Marine Fisheries Research                529
        Institute

10      Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay           555

11      Cochin University                                558

12      North East Hill University                       629

13      Raman Research Institute                         647

14      National Science Digital Library, CSIR           654

15      Thapar University                                655

16      Indian Institute of Management,                  689
        Kozhikode

17      Indian Institute of Science, ETD                 771
        Bangalore

18      National Metallurgical Laboratory,               864
        Jamshedpur

19      Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow         920

20      Information and Library Network                  973
        (INFLIBNET), Ahmedabad

The E-Print Repository at Indian Institute of Science (Eprints@IISc) is the first repository in the country and one of the earliest in the world to set up an interoperable institutional repository (http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/), under the leaderships of the late Dr. T. B. Rajashekar. This archive is now India's fastest growing repository having collection of more than 26,106 journal articles and conference papers on diverse fields of science. Indian Institute of Science used GNU eprints software (http://eprints.org) which is developed by University of Southampton. Besides the eprints@IISc, Indian Institute of Science has another repository dedicated for thesis and dissertation collection build on Dspace (www.dspace.org) institutional repository software.

Few other major IR initiatives in India have been taken place at IIT Kanpur, where more than 9000 MTech and Phd Thesis have been archived using state of art Dspace software. Vidyanidhi is a major initiative by University of Mysore for archiving doctoral thesis of Indian research. It is supported by Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Ford Foundation. Vidyanidhi maintains mainly two kinds of database, a bibliographic database and a full text repository using Dspace Software. It provides full text access to 5480 theses on doctoral research in India. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), one of the biggest open universities in the world has a repository with a collection of more than 23,160. OpenMed@nic is a discipline based institutional archive in area of medical and allied science having collection of more than 2761 using Eprints software for repositories. Mahatma Gandhi University have 1128 collection of thesis, they are using software called Nitya for repository. This is only one repository which is included in INTUTE, a web based service providing best online resources for education and research (5). There are few other repositories which are consistently growing, namely Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, National Aeronautics Laboratory, Bangalore, National Center for Catalysis Research, IIT Madras, Open MED National Information Center, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore and National Institute of Oceanography, Goa. A detail list of institutional repositories in India can be found in the Table-3 appended at the end of this paper.

Among all repository software Dspace is the most dominant Institutional Repository software for content management followed by Eprints. From 63 repository taken in the study 37(59%) are built in Dspace, Second one is Eprints 18(29%) followed by Other 6(9%) and Greenstone 2(3%). The format of materials stored in the repositories was diverse including pre- print, post print journal articles, book chapters, working papers, theses and dissertations, and multimedia and course materials. There are a good number of institutional repository are in the pipeline. A list of institutional repositories included in the study has been depicted in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2: Use of IR Software in India

Use of IR Software in India (%)

Dspace      Series1, Dspace, 37, 59%
Eprints     Series1, Eprints, 18, 29%
Greenstone  Series1, Greenstone2, 3%
Other       Series1, Other 6, 9%

Note: Table made from pie chart.

There are mainly four types of e-print repositories in India. Out of 63 repositories, 47 (75%) are institutional repositories which hold intellectual and research output of the respective institutions. Followed by subject repositories 6 (9%), like INFLIBNET, Librarian Digital Library, which use to aggregate scattered information and store it for centralized access. There are another 6 (10%) of the repository which are dedicated to thesis only followed by 4 repository exclusively for journal articles.

Fig. 3: Type of IR in India

Institutional  Percentage, Institutional, 75.81, 75%
Subject        Percentage, Subject, 9.68, 9%
Thesis         Percentage, Thesis, 9.68, 10%
Journal        Percentage, Journal, 6.45, 6%

Note: Table made from pie chart.

The growth of e-print repositories and the number of records archived in India have been continuously increasing. Starting with 2004 when there was no record in the repositories it has reached a stage when first 15 repositories have archived above 100000 records in various formats. The fig-4 below discloses the steady growth of institutional repositories in India.

For searching all Indian repositories in one place CASSIR (Cross Archive Search Service for Indian Repositories) a service which harvest metadata from all registered OA archive. This service is a part of the ongoing project "Development of OAI-based institutional research repository services in India sponsored by Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. As of now the repositories was closed to 50000 papers from different repositories (http://casin.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/oai/index.php/index).

Advocacy and Training Program for IR inside and outside

Organizations need to concentrate on developing few strategies to influence the authors for populating repositories within and outside the organization. This needs a good policy, organizational commitment, advocacy services, and legal aspects in context to Intellectual Property Right. For a country like India, a better national level policy is required for visualizing the importance of open access in the research and dissemination. In that connection recently National Knowledge Commission of India has recently prepared a draft proposal for open access. Its has stated in the draft that, "all research articles published by Indian authors receiving any government or public funding must be made available under open access and should be archived in the standard OA format on his/her website. Further, a national academic OA portal has to be developed and the research articles should be made available through this portal".

Apart from National level policy, Organization has to play a bigger role for implementing open access. It is always a tough task to influence the stakeholder for implementing open access repositories. Organization can take new initiative in policy decision to popularize institutional repositories. Influential factor like Faculty Reward system for highest viewed/cited article, provide email alert to all when new article will submitted to institutional repositories etc. Mandating is another way to increase collection. NIT, Rourkela in Orissa has already mandated for compulsory deposit of research paper to their institutional archive. Research shows that after mandating there is an increase in collection.

Conclusion

Institutional repositories are important for a developing country like India, as they instantly make available the work of their scientists to the rest of the world. IR is meant for increase access to knowledge for research. It provides opportunity to access high quality research publications even to those who can not afford to pay for it. The research publications of IIT, Madras like institution can be available to someone who is studying or doing research in the same field in an engineering college in Bhubaneswar. Easy availability of research publications will lead to greater use and more citation. IRs can increase visibility of researcher and bring about an increase in readerships and an increase institution/country status and reputation.

But Institutional Repositories (IR) are still in a formative stage in India, except 2o repositories most of the IRs has a very low collection, less than 1000, progress remain slow, many hurdles are there. India spends about 170 million rupees of public money annually on science and technology research. The return on this investment must be maximized (Harnard and Swan, 2007). The public funded research should be open access. There is a need for active commitment by all those involved in the production of scientific knowledge. India needs a better National level policy to visualizing the importance of IR in the institution and country at large. The government and funding agencies in India should insist that publicly funded research should be available through institutional repositories that are open to all. The recommendations of National Knowledge Commission on the issues of Open Access should be implemented in letter and spirit.

References

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(2.) Arunachalam, S. Open Access in India: Hopes and Frustrations. Proceedings ELPUB 2008 Conference on Electronic Publishing - Toronto, Canada - June 2008, available at: http://www.aepic.it/conf/program.php?cf=10/.

(3.) Bailey, Charles W. Institutional Repositories, Tout de Suite. available at: http://www.digital-scholarship.com/ts/irtoutsuite.pdf.

(4.) Brody, T. D. Evaluating research impact through open access to scholarly communications [PhD. Thesis, Philosophy]. University of Southampton, School of Electronics and Computer Science.. Available at: http://www.erevistas.csic.es/descargas/brody%5B1%5D.pdf.

(5.) Crow, R. The Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper. available at: http://www.arl.org/sparc/IR/IR_Final_Release 102.pdf..

(6.) Ghosh, S.B. and Das, A.K. Open access and institutional repositories - a developing country perspective: a case study of India, World Library and information congress: 72nd IFLA general conference and council, August 20-24, 2006. Seoul, Korea, available at: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/157-Ghosh_Das-en.pdf.

(7.) Harnad, S. Maximizing Research Impact through Institutional and National Open-Access Self-Archiving Mandates. Current Research and Information Systems, Bergen, Norway, 11-13 May 2006, available at: http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Temp/harnad-crisrev.htm.

(8.) Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y., Oppenheim, C., et al. The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access: An Update, Serials Review, 34(1) (2008). 36-40. doi:10.1016/j.serrev.2007.12.005

(9.) IITs and IISc elearning Courses in Enginesssering and Science under NPTEL. Retrieved April 5 2011, from http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/

(10.) Intute - Mahatma Gandhi University theses online. Retrieved August 6, 2011, from http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/fullrecord.pl?handle=20090324-15000040

(11.) Jayakanth, F., Minj, F., Silva, U. and Jagirdar, S. ePrints@IISc: India's first and fastest growing institutional repository, OCLC System and Services, 24(1) (2007) 59-70.

(12.) Journal policies summary statistics so far. Retrieved April 6 2011, from http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php

(13.) Kumari, G.L. Global Access to Indian Research: Indian STM Journals Online, DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, Vol. 28(1) (2008) 61-66.

(14.) Medknow Publications. (2005). Retrieved April 5, 2011, from http://www.medknow.com/journals.asp/

(15.) Rajashekar, T.B. Improving the visibility of Indian Research: An Institutional, Open Access Publishing Model. In Indo-US Workshop on Open Digital. Libraries and Interoperability. June 23-25, 2003.

(16.) Ranking Web of World repositories. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://repositories.webometrics.info/toprep.asp

(17.) Swan, A. Open Access for Indian Scholarship, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 28(1) (2010). 15-24.

Appendix 1. List of Repositories in India

SI.      Type               Home page             Organisation Name
No

1    Institutional  http://eprints.            Indian Institute of
                    iisc.ernet.in/             Science, Bangalore,
                                               India

2    Institutional  http://www.                Indira Gandhi National
                    eavankosh.ac.in            open University, Delhi

3    Institutional  http://nopr.               NISCAIR ONLINE
                    niscair.res.in/            PERIODICALS REPOSITORY
                                               (NOPR)

4    Institutional  http://eprints.            Central Marine
                    cmfri.org.in               Fisheries Research
                                               Institute

5    Theses         http://dspace.vidyanidhi.  University of Mysore,
                    org.in:8080/dspace         Mysore

6    Institutional  http://drs.                National Institute Of
                    nio.org/                   Oceanography, India

7    Institutional  http://dspace.             Raman Research
                    rri.res.in/                Institute Digital
                                               Repository

8    Institutional  http://nal-ir.             National Aerospace
                    nal.res.in/                Laboratories,
                                               Bangalore

9    Subject        http://openaccess.         International crops
                    icrisat.org                research institute for
                                               the semi arid tropics

10   Institutional  http://dspace.             North East Hill
                    nehu.ac.in/jspui/          University, Shiliong

11   Institutional  http://prints.             Indian Institute of
                    iiap.res.in/               Astrophysics,
                                               Bangalore

12   subject        http://openmed.            National Informatics
                    nic.in/                    Center, New Delhi

13   Institutional  http://eprints.            National Metallurgical
                    nmlindia.org/              Laboratory, Jamshedpur

1A   theses         http://eprint.iitd.        Indian Institute of
                    ac.in/dspace               Technology, Delhi

15   Institutional  http://library.            Indian Statistical
                    isical.ac.in/ispui/        Institute, Kolkata

16   Institutional  http://dspace.library.     Indian Institute of
                    iitb.ac.in/ispui/          Technology, Bombay

17   Institutional  http://www.                National Centre for
                    eprints.iitm.ac.in/        Catalysis Research
                                               (IIT): Catalysis
                                               Database

18   Institutional  http://dyuthi.             Cochin University of
                    cusat.ac.in/               Science & Technology,
                                               Kochin

19   Institutional  http://dspace.nitrkl.      National Institute of
                    ac.in/dspace/              Technology, Rourkela,
                                               India

20   Institutional  http://dspce.thapar.       Thapar University
                    edu:8080/dspace

21   Theses         http://mgutheses.org/      Mahatma Gandhi
                                               University-Online
                                               THESIS Search, Kerala

22   Subject        http://www.                Delhi Technological
                    dspace.dce.edu             University, Delhi

23   Theses         http://etd.ncsi.           Indian Institute of
                    iisc.ernet.in/             Science, Bangalore,
                                               India

24   Subject        http://www.agropedia.      Open Access:
                    net/openaccess             Agriculture Research
                                               Repository

25   Institutional  http://bma.ac.             Bangalore Management
                    in:8080/dspace             Academy

26   institutional  http://bhagirathi.         Indian Institute of
                    iitr.ac.in/dspace          Technlogy Roorkee,
                                               India

27   Theses         http://eprints.c           CSIR Unit for Research
                    sirexplorations.com/       and Development of
                                               Information Products,
                                               Pune

28   Institutional  http://nsdl.               National Science
                    niscair.res.in             Digital Library at
                                               NISCAIR, India: Home

29   Institutional  http://mdrf-eprints.in/    Dr. Mohan's Diabetes
                                               Specialities
                                               Centre, Diabetes

30   Subject        http://ir.                 Information and Library
                    inflibnet.ac.in/           Network Center,
                                               Ahmedabad

31   Institutional  http://dspace.             Indian Institute of
                    iimk.ac.in/                Management Kozhikode

32   Institutional  http://dspace.vpmthane.    Vidya Prasarak Mandal,
                    org:8080/ispui/index.isp   Thane

33   Institutional  http://220.227.138.        Indian Institute of
                    21A:8080/dspace/index.jsp  Spices Research,
                                               Kozhikode (Calicut),
                                               INDIA

34   Institutional  http://dspace.ncaor.       National Center for
                    org:8080/dspace/           Antarctic Research,
                                               Goa, India

35   Institutional  http://ncralib.ncra.tifr.  National Center for
                    res.in:8080/dspace/        Radio Astrophysics

36   Theses         http://dspace.             National chemical
                    ncl.res.in/                Laboratory-Pune

37   Institutional  http://dspace.mdi.         Management Development
                    ac.in/dspace               Institute

38   Institutional  http://dkr.cdri.           Central Drug Research
                    res.in:8080/dspace         Institute

39   Institutional  http://eprints.            Indian Agricultural
                    iari.res.in/               Research Institute

40   Institutional  http://202.131.            ICFAI Business School
                    96.59:8080/dspace          Ahmedabad

41   Institutional  http://eprints.            Ashoka Trust for
                    atree.org/                 Research in Ecology and
                                               the Environment

42   Institutional  http://oii.igidr.          Indira Gandhi Institute
                    ac.in:8080/dspace          of Development
                                               Research, Mumbai

43   Institutional  http://library.isibang.    Indian Statistical
                    ac.in:8080/dspace/         Institute Library,
                                               Bangalore

44   Subject        https://drtc.              Librarians' Digital
                    isibang.ac.in/             Library

45   Institutional  http://www.                Indian Institute of
                    erepo.iihr.ernet.in/       Horticultural Research

46   Institutional  http://eprints.            Delhi University,
                    du.ac.in/                  Delhi

47   Institutional  http://kr.                 Central Institute of
                    cimap.res.in               Medicinal and Aromatic
                                               Plants

48   Institutional  http://eprints.            School of
                    bicmku.in/                 Biotechnology, Madurai
                                               Kamaraj University

49   Institutional  http://www.imsc.           Institute of
                    res.in/eprints/            Mathematical Sciences,
                                               Chennai

50   Institutional  http://eprints.            Institute of Minerals
                    immt.res.in/               and Materials
                                               Technology,
                                               Bhubaneswar

51   Institutional  http://www.                Allama Iqbal Library
                    kashmiruniversity.net/     Digital Collection,
                                               Jammu and Kashmir

52   Institutional  http://dspace.ipu.         Guru Gobind Singh
                    ernet.in:8080/dspace/      Indraprastha
                                               University, Delhi

53   Institutional  http://eprints.            Indian Institute of
                    iiita.ac.in/               Information Technology,
                                               Allhabad

54   Institutional  http://eprints.            National Institute of
                    nii.res.in/p               Immunology (NII),
                                               India

55   Institutional  http://library.pdpu.       Pandit Deendayal
                    ac.in:8080/xmlui           Petroleum Univeristy

56   Institutional  http://www.prl.            Physical Research
                    res.in/~library            Laboratory Library,
                                               Ahmedabad

57   Journal        http://www.                Rajiv Ghandi Center For
                    rgcb.res.in                Biotechnology

58   Institutional  http://eprints.            S.V. National Institute
                    svnit.ac.in/               of Technology
                                               Repository, Surat

59   Journal        http://www.freewebs.       Siddha Articles
                    com/siddhapapers/

60   Journal        http://www.iioab-iournal.  The Institute of
                    webs.com/                  Integrative Omics and
                                               Applied Biotechnology

61   Institutional  http://digilib.            University of
                    uohyd.ernet.in/dspace      Hyderabad

62   Journal        http://www.                Bioinformation
                    bioinformation.net/

63   Institutional  http://eprints.            Madurai Kamaraj
                    mkuoa.in/                  University Repository

SI.   Software     Record
No

1    eprints     26106

2    dspace      23160

3    dspace      10145

4    eprints     7972

5    dspace      5A80

6    dspace      3802

7    dspace      377A

8    eprints     3A9A

9    dspace      3A1A

10   dspace      3269

11   dspace      3060

12   eprints     2761

13   eprints     2A31

1A   dspace      21A3

15   dspace      2097

16   dspace      1659

17   eprints     16A0

18   dspace      1A17

19   dspace      1366

20   dspace      1280

21   Nithya      1128

22   dspace      1071

23   dspace      1039

24   other       915

25   dspace      823

26   dspace      823

27   eprints     680

28   dspace      5A1

29   eprints     527

30   dspace      505

31   dspace      503

32   dspace      A97

33   dspace      A90

34   dspace      489

35   dspace      415

36   dspace      357

37   dspace      356

38   dspace      342

39   eprints     221

40   dspace      213

41   eprints     206

42   dspace      204

43   dspace      191

44   dspace      188

45   dspace      180

46   eprints     170

47   dspace      120

48   eprints     92

49   eprints     43

50   eprints     33

51   greenstone  Not
                 Available

52   dspace      Not
                 Available

53   eprints     Not
                 Available

54   eprints     Not
                 Available

55   dspace      Not
                 Available

56   greenstone  Not
                 Available

57   other       Not
                 Available

58   eprints     Not
                 Available

59   other       Not
                 Available

60   openrepo    Not
                 Available

61   dspace      Not
                 Available

62   other       Not
                 Available

63   eprints     Not
                 Available

Mallikarjun Dora

Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

Bulu Maharana

Sambalpur University, bulumaharana@gmail.com

Dora, Mallikarjun and Maharana, Bulu, "Driving on the Green Road: Self-archiving Research for Open Access in India" (2012). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Paper 785.

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/785

Mallikarjun Dora

Professional Assistant, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad

Bulu Maharana

Lecturer

P. G. Department of Library & Information Science

Sambalpur University, Orissa