Scientometric portrait of Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman.

Anjum, Manzoor Ahmad Khan ; Ahmad, Munir

Introduction

Bibliometrics is a word that means "the more that is published on a topic, the more important the topic is in terms of money and energy being used" (Jaing, 2003).

The terms bibliometrics by Pritchard and 'Naukometriya' (the Russian for 'Scientometrics') by Nalimov & Mulchenko were coined simultaneously in 1969 while Narin (1976) used the term 'Evaluative bibliometrics' to denote the use of bibliometric techniques, especially publication and citation analysis in the assessment of a scientific creativity.

The anyhow fuzzy borderlines between the two specialties almost vanished during the last three decades and nowadays both terms are used almost as synonyms. Instead, the field informetrics took the place of the originally broader specialty bibliometrics (Glanzel, 2003).

Bbibliometrics is not only the term that is used to refer to the quantitative study of document-related processes. Informatics and librametry may be defined in similar ways; scientometrics, technometrics, sociometrics and econometrics are fields that overlap with bibliometrics to greater or lesser extent (in the sense either that similar methods are used, or that related processes are studied); and webrometrics and cybermetrics are new areas that focus specifically on the communication of information in electronic form (UCLA Graduate School).

Kalyane and Kalyane (1993) for the first time used the phrase 'Scientometric Portrait' to carry out bio-bibliometric studies on scientists while Sinha & Bhatnagar (1980) and Sinha & Ullah (1994) used the term 'Information profile' for such studies while Sen (1995) proposed the term 'Microbibliometrics' for the studies on individual scientists in IASLIC conference (1994)'

Recently the term 'Bio-bibliometrics' is being used for a method of retrieving and visualizing biological information (Stapley & Benoit, 2000) while Koganurmath, et al. (2003) have suggested that 'Scientometric portrait' is the appropriate phrase for the studies on scientists and 'Informetric portrait' for the studies on researchers in other disciplines such as arts, humanities and social sciences.

Biographical Sketch

Professor Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman an outstanding academician and one of the leading scientists in Pakistan completed his Masters in Organic Chemistry from the University of Karachi in 1964 and obtained his PhD from Cambridge University in 1968, where he later on had the rare distinction of being appointed as Don at Kings College, Cambridge (1969-1973) and D.A.A.D. Fellow of University of Tuebingen, Germany in 1979. He is also the only scientist from the Pakistan, other than the late Prof. Abdul Salam (Nobel Laureate), who has been awarded the prestigious degree of Doctor of Science (ScD) by Cambridge University. Three Pakistani Universities, Sir Syed Engineering University (2003), Gomal University (2004) and Karachi University (2005) each awarded him D.Sc. degree

He is internationally renowned in the field of Natural Product Chemistry. He has hundreds of publications to his credit including 15 Patents, 94 Books, 59 Chapters in Books published by major US and European presses while more than 70 students have completed Ph.D researches under his supervision.

He is an eminent writer and the level of his writings can be judged from the fact that his first book "Biosynthesis of Indole Alkaloids" was published by Oxford University Press, England as Vol. 7 of their prestigious "International Series of Monographs in Chemistry' in 1983 while another book "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy" is considered to be the first text book to have a detailed discussion on 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Its success in USA and Europe prompted it to be translated into Japanese language by Prof. H. Hirota from Tokyo University and Prof. Motoo Tori from Tokushima Bunri University. Another title "Stereoselective Synthesis in Organic Chemistry", published by Springer-Verlag, Germany was appreciated by the Nobel Laureate Sir D.H.R. Barton, who wrote its foreword and called it "a monumental tome."

The Government of Pakistan has conferred four civil awards on him in recognition of his eminent contributions in the field of Organic Chemistry. He has also won several national and international prizes. He is the first scientist from the Islamic World to have received the prestigious UNESCO Science Prize (1999) in the 35 year old history of the award. He has secured numerous other national and international prizes and awards including the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies Award (Hiroshima, Japan, 1997), the ECO Prize (2000), ISESCO Prize (2001), the Islamic Organization Prize by Government of Kuwait (1988), the First Prize at the 6th Khwrazmi Festival by the President of Iran (1993), the FPCCI Prize for Technological Innovation (1985), the "Best Scientist of the Year" Award of the Government of Pakistan (1986), and the Prime Minister's Gold Medal and Pakistan Academy of Sciences-INFAQ Foundation Prize in Science (1995).

He is Fellow of three major international science academies and Editor-in-Chief/Executive Editor of fifteen leading European Chemistry journals. He is also the Editor of five book-series entitled "Studies in Natural Product Chemistry", 32 volumes of which have been published under his editorship during the last 14 years. He is also editing "Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry"., "C-13-NMR of Natural Products", "Advances in Organic Chemistry", "Advances in Organic Synthesis" and "Frontiers in Drug Design and Discovery".(Taken from Dr.Atta-ur-Rahamn's Bio).

Study Objective

The prime purpose of the study is to document quantitatively the publication productivity pattern of Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman and particularly it highlights:

* Year-wise, quinquennium-wise and domain-wise productivity

* Domain-wise authorships and collaborative pattern

* Identify prominent collaborators

* Collaborator dynamics

* Mentor's authorship credibility

* Prominent, new and overlapping collaborators

* Core Channels of Communication and distribution of publications among these channels and

* Bradford multiplier

* Geographical distribution of publications, and

* Documentation of keywords used in the titles.

Literature Review

Both terms bibliometrics and scientometrics are used for the study of statistical analysis of scientific literature and to trace the origin of statistical studies we have to go back about 46 years before the coinage of these terms in early twenties of the twentieth century when E. W. Hulme (1923) published his book "Statistical Bibliography in Relation to the Growth of Modern Civilization."

Alfred J. Lotka (1926) conducted a study on the frequency distribution of scientific productivity while the very next year Gross and Gross (1927) conducted a citation-based study by examining 3633 citations and is considered to be the first citation analysis. In 1934, Bradford conducted a study on the frequency distribution of papers over journals while Zipf (1949) formulated an interesting law in bibliometrics and quantitative linguistics for studying word frequency in a text.

Until the early 60s these studies were not given much importance. Glanzel (2003) identifies three reasons for this phenomenon.

1. These papers appeared when traditional methods of information retrieval were still sufficient

2. They applied to different phenomena and the interrelation between these laws which was not completely recognised; and

3. Financing systems for scientific research did not yet stand need of quantitative or even sophisticated statistical methods.

Derek deSolla Price (1963) by analysing the system of science communication laid down the foundation of modern research evaluation techniques and paved a path for the modern scientometrics.

Mentionable efforts for the institutionalisation of the field are, the launching of first international journal "Scientometrics" by Tibor Braun in 1979 followed by the first international conference in 1983 (being held annually since then). The bibliometricians/scientometricians contributed a number of books and articles and developed complex models of scientific communication to strengthen the foundation of the discipline. The bibliometrics continue its journey passing through different phases and as a result of these efforts "Baby Scientometrics" in the words of (Glazel, 2003) evolve into a distinct scientific discipline with a specific research profile, several subfields and the corresponding scientific communication structures.

Some biographical and bio-bibliometric studies of individuals have been carried out occasionally at the time of retirement or paying homage to an individual after death. For some noted individuals their contributions are highlighted in the obituary column of professional journals (Koganurmath, 2003).

Hirsch (2005) for the quantification of scientific output of individual scientific authors suggested the h-index, also known as the Hirsch Number which is based on the citations each article (paper) of an author gets. This number has several advantages over other criteria. H-index has been suggested for use in academic promotions, tenure, grant funding, and prediction of winning of the Nobel Prize.

Recently individual scientists including the Nobel Laureates are becoming the focus of scientometric studies rather than gross statistical "macro" data (Schubert and Glanzel, 1992). Among a number of scientometric studies on Nobel Laureates few are:

Scientometric portrait of Nobel Lauriat Leland Dr. C.V. Raman (Kademani, Kalyane & Kademani, 1994), Barbara McClintock: (Kalyane and Kademani, 1997), S. Chandrasekhar (Gupta, 1983), Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Kademani, Kalyane & Jange, 1999), Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Kademani, Kalyane & Kumar, 2001), Harold W. Kroto (Kademani, Kalyane & Kumar, 2002), Pierre--Gilles de Gennes (Kalyane & Sen, 1996), Wolfgang Ketterle (Koganuramath, et al., 2003) and H. Hartwell (Angadi, et al., 2004).

Besides Nobel Laureates there are numerous scientometric studies on other scientists in various disciplines, the reference is made to some of such studies as:

The research by Kalyane & Kalyane (1993), (Kademani, Kalyane & Balakrishnan (1994), Kalyane (1995), Prpic (1996), Kalyane & Sen (1996), Hawkins (2001), Kalyane, Prakasan and Kumar (2001), Swarna, Kalyane and Kumar (2002), Kademani, et al., (2005), Kademani, et al. (2006), Sangum, Savanur and Sarathi (2006), Sangam and Savanur (2006), Tiew (2006), van Raan (2006), (Koley & Sen 2006), Anuradha & Urs (2007), Fred Y. Ye (2007), Sagar, Kademani and Kumar (2007), Leydesdorff & Meyer (2007), Ocholla & Ocholla (2007), Pouris (2007) and Yazit & Zainab (2007).

Few examples of bibliometric/citation studies from Pakistan are: Kousar & Mahmood (2010). Naseer & Mahmood (2009), Mahmood & Rehman (2009), Javed & Shah (2008), Ullah, Butt & Haroon (2008), Ullah (2006), Sharif & Mahmood (2004), Majid (1995, 2000), Anwar and Saeed (1999), Khan and Samdani (1997) and Mahmood (1996).

The bibliometricians, scientometricians and information specialists also contributed a number of books on theory and applications of the discipline. A few examples of such publications are:

Introduction to informetrics: quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science (Egghe and Rousseau, 1990), Handbook of quantitative studies of science & technology (van Raan, 1988), Bibliometric mapping as a science policy and research management tool (Noyons, 1999), The challenge of scientometrics: The development, measurement and self-organization of scientific communications (Leydesdorff, 1995) and Scholarly communication and bibliometrics (Borgman, ed. 1990).

Among a large number of useful web-sites providing information on different aspects of bibliometrics few are:

* Applications in Teaching Bibliometrics by Sara von Ungern-Sternberg. htp://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla61/61-ungs.htm

* Bibliometric Mapping by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at Leiden University in the Netherlands. http://sahara.fsw.leidenuniv.nl/ed/projects.html

* BIRD: Bibliometric Retrieval of Documents, from the National Research Council CanadaInstitute for Information Technology. http://ai.iit.nrc.ca/II public/WebBird/index.html

* BIRD Resources: Bibliometric Systems. A list of bibliometric systems, projects and links. http://ai.iit.nrc.ca/II public/WebBird/bibliometric.html

* Bibliometrics, Scientometrics & Informetrics by Luc Quoniam http://crrm.univ-mrs.fr/vl/metricts.html

Methodology

On critical study of the list down loaded from the web, it was observed that there are certain duplicate titles in the list. After dropping duplicate titles the list counts 766 publications which are considered for study purpose.

The study identifies year, quinquennium and domain-wise productivity and collaborativeships, collaborative pattern, mentor's authorship credibility, individual collaborator dynamics, channels of communication used and distribution of publications among channels and geographical distribution of publications. Further, the study find out prominent collaborators, the most productive period, top ranking journals, publication density and concentration, Bradford multiplier and high frequency words used in the titles.

Data Analysis & Discussion

The contribution of 766 publications during 1966-2007 by the mentor were analyzed year, quinquennium and domain-wise, author-wise authorships credits, mentor's authorship credibility, channels of communication used, countries of productivity and keywords used in the titles.

1. Productivity

The productivity can be divided into; year-wise, quinquennium-wise and domain-wise and are discussed as under:

1.1 Year-wise Productivity

Table-1 describes year-wise contribution of 766 publications by thementor from 1966-June 2007. He contributed 1 (0.13 %) publication in each year 1966, 1968 and 1969 while maximum 67 (8.75 %) publications in the year 2005. Still 4 (0.52 %) publications are in the press while 8 (1.04 %) have been submitted for acceptance. In his 42 years of research career 1970 is the only year when he made no contribution.

The contribution of 222 (28.98 %) publications during five high productive years (1988, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005) indicates that more than one-fourth productivity is the result of less than one-eighth period of productive years (42 years) while 50 % productivity in ten high productive years indicates that half of the total productivity is the result of less than one-fourth of the entire period (1966-2007) of productivity. The productivity of 624 (81 %) publications in 20 high productive years indicates that more than four-fifth of toal productivity is the result of less than fifty percent of total period of productivity. It is obvious from the above discussion that in least 22 productive years, the productivity is less than one-fifth of the entire productivity from 1966-2007. By dividing total period of productivity (42 years) into three clusters of 14 years each, we find that in the first cluster of 14 years (1966-1979) the productivity is only 47 (6.14 %) publications. In the next cluster (1980- 1993) the productivity is 301 (39.3 %) while in the last cluster of 14 years from 19942007, he contributed 418 (54.57 %) publications. It is obvious from the above discussion that the productivity (39.3 %) in the second cluster and (54.57 %) in the third is more than six-times and about nine-times respectively as compared with the first cluster of 14 years of productivity.

In case of decade-wise productivity it is 23 (3.00 %) in the first decade (1966-75), 113 (14.75 %) in the 2nd decade (1976-85), 268 (34.99 %) in the third (1986-95) while in the fourth decade (1996-05) it is 316 (41.25 %). The decade-wise analysis of productivity indicates that only 3 % of entire productivity is during the 1st decade, about one-seventh in the 2nd decade, about one-third in the third while more than two-fifth of entire productivity is in the last decade. Moreover, the collective productivity during the third & the fourth decades is more than three-fourth (76.24 %) of the entire productivity.

The publication productivity coefficient .69 indicates his higher productivity period just after 50 percentile age of his research career under consideration.

1.2 Quinquennium-wise Productivity

Table-2 describes quinquennium-wise productivity which consists over nine quinquenniums from 1966-2007. As the productivity in the 9th quinquennium is only of two years, thus it is not reflecting the exact productivity for the complete 9th quinquennium (2006-10).

The productivity in the 8th quinquennium at its peak point is even more than the collective productivity of first four quinquenniums (I-IV). The productivity from 1st to 5th quinquennium remains increasing while decreases in the sixth and seventh quinquenniums. The collective productivity (49.74 %) in three quinquenniums (5th to 7th) is nearly equal as compared with the collective productivity of remaining six quinquenniums (1st- 4th, 8th & 9th) irrespective the decade with maximum productivity (8th) is also included in these six quinquenniums.

1.3 Domain-wise Productivity

The entire productivity in various domains is NP 90 (11.75 %), NP-syn & NP-x-ray each 9 (1.18 %), NP-iso 423 (55.22 %), NP-nmr 14 (1.93 %), SY 132 (17.23 %), SP 27 (3.53 %), AC 8 (1.04 %), MC 24 (3.13 %) and Misc. 30 (3.92 %). Domain-wise detail of 83 (10.83 %) single-authored contribution is NP 28 (3.66 %), NP-syn 9 (1.18 %), NP-iso 13 (1.7 %), NP-nmr and AC each 2 (0.26 %), SY 16 (2.09 %), MC 6 (0.78 %), SP 4 (0.52 %) and Misc. 3 (0.39 %) while collaborative productivity in various domains is NP 62 (8.09 %), NP-iso 410 (53.53 %), NP-x-ray 9 (1.18 %), NP-nmr 12 (1.57 %), SY 116 (15.14 %), MC 18 (2.35 %), SP 23 (3.0 %), AC 6 (0.78.%) and Misc. 27 ( 3.53 %).

The single-authored productivity (3.66 %) in the domain of NP is more than all other categories (211, 13, and 21 -authored) while five-authored productivity (85) in the domain NP-iso is the highest followed by six-authored (77), four-authored (71) and seven-authored (52).

Under the domain of NP-x-ray the maximum productivity is by 6-authored while in case of NP-nmr 2-authored contribution is the highest followed by each 3, 6, single and each five and seven-authored respectively. Under the domain SY two-authored productivity is the highest (39) followed by three-authored (18) and in case of domain AC single and 6-authored productivity is the same and the highest 2 (0.26 %).

Table-4a provides the detail of 3214 (97.48 %) collaborative authorships out of total 3297 authorships. Among these 3214 collaborativeships 274 (8.53 %) are two-authored, 285 (8.87 %) three-authored, 400 (12.45 %) four-authored, 550 (17.11 %) five-authored, 672 (20.91 %) six-authored, 476 (14.81 %) seven-authored, 208 (6.47%) eight-authored, 162 (5.04 %) nine-authored, 120 (3.73 %) ten-authored, 33 (1.03 %) eleven-authored, 13 (0.4 %) thirteen-authored and 21 (0.65 %) collaborative authorships are twenty-one-authored.

The number of collaborationships is the highest 672 (20.91 %) in case of six-authored productivity followed by five-authored contribution 550 (17.11 %). The contribution of more than 80% coauthorships is by six high productive categories (2 to 7-authored) while the remaining six categories (8 to11, 13 and 21-authored) contributed less than 20 % collaborativeships.

The number of collaborativeships from one to six-authored productivity remains increasing and afterwards decreasing till 13-authored productivity which indicates that in case of 1-6-authored productivity, the relationship between number of collaborativeships and category of productivity is directly proportional while from 7 to 13-authored productivity this relationship is inversely proportional. The authorship per paper is 4.3.

Table 4b provides the detail of 2531 collaborations made by co-authors. The most prolific collaborator contributed 398 (15.73 %) authorships while 250 collaborators contributed 250 (9.88 %) co-authorships one each.

The contribution of 398 (15.73 %) collaborativeships by one collaborator indicates that the credit of one-seventh of total co-authorships goes to only one collaborator. The contribution of 846 (33.43 %) co-authorships out of total 2531 by only 18 out of total 547 collaborators indicates that 3.3 % of total collaborators contributed one-third of the total collaborativeships while only 57 co-authors contributed 50 % of the total collaborativeships.

It is evident from the data that the contribution of 50 % collaborativeships only by 57 reseachers is equal to the remaining 490 collaborators while the contribution of 94.47 % collaborativeships by only 92 collaborators indicates that collaborativeships contribution exceeds the general rule of 80/20.

2.1 Year-wise Collaborativeships

Table-4c describes year-wise contribution of co-authors. More than three-fifth (61.52 %) of the total collaborativeships is the result of ten most productive years (1988, 1991, 1995, 1998 and 2001-2006) while more than four-fifth (88.27 %) of the entire collaborativeships is the result of 20 most productive years. It is obvious from the data that the contribution of more than 80 % of collaborativeships is in 20 years while in the remaining 22 years these are only 12 %.

2.2 Quinquennium-wise Collaborativeships

Table-4d about quinquennium-wise collaborationships indicates that the highest number of collaborationships 950 (37.53 %) are in the 8th quinquennium (2001-05) followed by 401 (15.84 %) in the 6th quinquennium (1991-95).

3. Mentor's Authorship Credibility

The credit of contributing 766 out of 3297 authorships goes to the mentor. Table 5 describes his authorship credibility. The credibility of 444 (57.96 %) publications as first author and 74 (9.66 %) as second author indicates that being the first or the second author he is mainly responsible for the contents and productivity of 67.62 % publications. In case of 86.55 % publications his authorship credibility varies from 1 to 5 while in case of only 13.45 % publications the authorship credibility is either seventh or beyond.

4. Collaborator Dynamics

Individual author's domain-wise profile of productivity is presented in table-6 (See Appendix A). The 547 authors contributed 2531 (76.77 %) collaborative authorships with the mentor. The top collaborator has 398 (12.07 %) co-authorships while coauthorships contributed by 296 authors varies from 43 (1.3 %) to 2(.06 %). The remaining 250 authors contributed 1(.03 %) authorship each.

4.1 Year-wise Collaborator Dynamics

During the 42 years of mentor's productivity (1966-2007), the number of colaborators varies in different years. There are only three authors including the mentor in the year of the first publication (1966) and maximum number of co-authors are 318 (12.56 %) in the year 2005.

In the year 1966 all collaborators are new while in the years 1967, 1968, 1971,1975,1978, 1979 and 1981 all collaborators are those who continue to collaborate from previous years. Maximum number of new and overlapping collaborators at one time are 55 (2.17 %) and 263 (10.39 %) in the year 2005 respectively while maximum number of collaborativeships 318 (12.56 %) at one time are also in the same year. The collaborators joining the mentor for the first time contributed 369 (14.58 %) co-authorships in 10 high collaborativeships years while in the same period collaborators who continue to collaborate contributed 1209 (47.77 %) collaborativeships. It is evident from the above discussion that the number of overlapping collaborators is four-times than the new collaborators in high ten years of collaborativeships. It can be inferred from the above ratio of new comers and overlapping collaborators that the co-authors once join the group seems to be satisfied with their output and group.

4.2 Quinquennium-wise Collaborator Dynamics

During the 9 quinquenniums from (1966-2007) 2531 reseachers collaborate with the mentor. During the three quinquenniums (6th to 8th) 371(67.82 %) new collaborators join the mentor while during the same period (6th & 8th quinquenniums) the overlapping collaborators are 69 %. It is evident from the data that with the passage of time the number of collaborators in each quinquennium increased.

5. Channels of Communication:

The mentor used 113 channels of communication to publish 756 out of total 766 publications in which 106 (13.84 %) are published locally while 660 (86.16 %) from abroad. For the remaining ten titles the names of publishers are not mentioned in the list provided by the mentor. Channel-wise scattering of publications is depicted in the table-8 as below.

The Photochemistry by publishing 93 (12.14 %) titles is at the top followed by Elsevier Science Publishers and J. Nat. Prod 56 (7.31 %) each. Fourteen channels each publish 2 (.26 %) titles while 55 channels of communication (12 local and 43 foreign) publish only 1 (.13 %) title each. It is interesting to note that among the most prolific publishers, the top seven belongs to foreign countries.

The publication of 346 (45.17 %) titles by 7 top publishers indicates that one-sixteenth numbers of publishers publish more than forty percent of titles and all are foreign. The publication of 413 (53.9 %) titles in ten channels of communication indicates that less than one-eleventh numbers of channels publish more than fifty percent titles and among these ten publishers, local is only one. It is evident from the above discussion that 90% channels of communication used among top ten are foreign.

The publication density in this case is 6.69, (the ratio of total number of papers published to the total number of channels in which the papers were publishedwhile publication concentration is 7.96 (as the ratio in percentage of the journals containing half of the papers published to the total number of journals in which those papers were published during the period under study) (Vinkler (1990).

6. Bradford Distribution:

Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman contributed 766 publications during the entire period of productivity (1966- June 2007). For the ten publications the names of channels of communication are not mentioned. To test for the remaining 756 publications whether his contribution follows Bradford distribution or not, the productivity is divided into three zones each having approximately 252 papers.

The first 4 channels published 253 titles, the next 16 published 250 while in case of 3 rd zone 64 channels published 253 publications. The below table provides zone-wise distribution of publications and journals.

Bradford multiplier is 4 in this case. According to this multiplier the number of publications in the third zone should be 4x4x4 = 64 which is exactly the same as actual number 64. Thus the data follows the Bradford Law of distribution, Garfield, E. (1979).

Zones    Papers    Journals

 1st       253         4
 2nd       250        16
 3rd       253        64

7. Geographical Distribution of Publications

The table below explains countrywise distribution of the publications. The publishers from 23 countries published 766 titles. UK is at the top by publishing 220 (28.72 %) titles followed by USA 131 (17.1 %) and Pakistan 106 (13.84 %)., Germany 91 (11.88 %), The Netherlands 89 (11.62 %), Japan 57 (7.41 %) while 11 countries publish 1 (0.13 %) title each. The numbers of locally published titles are 106 (13.84 %) while the numbers of titles published abroad are 660 (86.16 %). The top seven countries published 95.14 % titles and the titles published in developing countries is about 16 % as compared with the developed world.

8. Keywords Tomography:

Titles of publications convey precisely the thought contents of publications. Therefore, if a word occurs more frequently than expected to be occurred, then it reflects the emphasis given by the author about the domain of his research (Angadi, et. al., 2006). The list of keywords with frequencies in parenthesis appeared in the titles of publications is provided in descending order as under. The words without frequencies are those which appear once in the titles.

Natural (84), Synthesis (77), Products (74), Chemistry (69), Isolation (68), Natural Products (54), Alkaloids (53), Studies (45), New (42), Structure (41), Natural Products Chemistry (36), Bioactive Natural Products (32), Alkaloid (29), Constituents (26), Novel (25), Steroidal Alkaloids (26), Recent (22), Rhazya stricta (22), Stereoselective ( 22), Microbial Transformation (21), Buxus papillosa (20), Chemical Constituents (19), Vinblastine (19), Derivatives (18), Synthetic (18), Medicinal Plants (17), New Steroidal Alkaloids (16), Structural Studies (16), Bioactive (15), Chemists (15), Publications (15), Their (15), Atharanthus roseus (14), Activity (14), Directory (14), OIC Members (14), Sarcococca saligna (14), Scientific (14), States (14),Some (13), Structure Elucidation (13), Leaves of Buxus papillosa (12), Structural (12), Frontiers (11), Inhibitors (11 ), Syntheses (11), Synthetic Studies (11), Total (11), Antifungal (10), Inhibiting (10), Vincristine (10), a-Carbolines (9), Crystal (9), Leaves of Rhazya stricta (9), Medicinal (9), Reactions (9), Alstonia macrophylla (8), Buxus sempervirens (8), Harmaline (8), Indigenous (8), Isolated (8), Leaves (8), Pakistan (8), Tinospora malabarica (8), Withania coagulance (8), 13C-NMR (7), Antibacterial (7), Ervatamia coronaria (7), Inhibition (7), Plants (7), Prolyl Endopeptidase (7), Structure and Chemistry (7), Tyrosinase (7), Using (7), Withania somnifera (7), Acetylcholinesterase (6), Compounds (6), Procedure (6), Rhizomes (6), Urease (6), Veratrum album (6), Advances (5), Alstonia scholaris (5), Analogues (5), Biotransformation (5), Butyrylcholinesterase (5), Characterization (5), Delphinium denudalum (5), Elucidation (5), Fungal Transformation (5), Indole Alkaloids (5), Inhibitory Activity (5), Microbial Transformations (5), Nepalese Origin (5), New Cholinesterase (5), New Indole Alkaloid (5), New Triterpenoidal Alkaloids (5), Nigella sativa (5), Nigellicine (5), Phytochemical Studies (5), Seeds (5), Skimmia laureola (5), Spectroscopy (5), Strictamine (5), Suregada multiflora (5),Transformed Products (5),Triterpenoid (5), Withanolides (5), a-Glucosidase (4), Amides (4), Anti-Inflammatory (4), Biological (4), Buxus hyrcana (4), Coumarins (4), Diterpenoid (4), 11-Methoxyrutaecarpine (4), Fagonia indica (4), Fumaria indica (4), Handbook of Natural Products Data (4), Handbook (4), Indole (4), Iris bungei (4), Iris germanica (4), Leaves of Catharanthus roseus (4), 2D NMR Techniques (4) 2D NMR Techniques (4), Source (4), Leucosceptrum canum (4), Medicinal Plants of Pakistan (4), Molecular (4), New Isoquinoline Alkaloid (4), New Withanolides (4), Norditerpenoid Alkaloids (4), Organic (4), Petchia ceylanica (4), Potential Biological Importance (4), Reduction (4), Rhazimol (4), Roots of Buxus papillosa (4), Selected (4), Sphaeranthus indicus (4), Study (4), Towards (4), Two (4), Vinrosidine (4), Alkaloidal (3), Anti leukaemic Alkaloids (3), Anticancer Alkaloids (3), Anticonvulsant Activities (3), Antioxidant (3), pproaches (3), Aqueous Fraction (3), Bongardia chrysogonum (3), Buxus hildebrandtii (3), Catharanthine (3), Cephalosporium aphidicola (3), Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity (3), 16-epi-19S-Vindolinine (3), Conformational (3), Cyclization (3), Datura fastuosa (3), Diterpenoids (3), Encyclopaedia (3), Fritillaria imperialis (3), Fruits (3), Haplophyllum buxbaumii (3), Imides (3), Inhibitory(3), Inhibitory Activity (3), Leaves of Buxus sempervirens (3), Leucosceptrine (3), Magnetic (3), Medica (3), Method (3), Modern (3), Moenjodaramine (3), Molecular Structure (3), New Indole Alkaloids (3), New Natural Products (3), New Pregnane-Type Steroidal Alkaloid (3), NMR Studies (3), Nnovel (3), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (3), Nuclear (3), Organic Chemistry (3), Partial (3), Planta Medica (3), Planta (3), Quinoline Alkaloid (3), Relationship (3), Resonance (3), Roots of Buxus sempervirens Roots of Delphinium denudatum (3), Saponins (3), Semperviramidine (3), Sesquiterpene (3), Sesterterpenes (3), Sodium Borohydride (3), Sophora griffithii (3), Spatoglossum variabile (3), Spices (3), Structure-Activity (3), Tiliacora racemosa (3), Trends (3), Triterpenes (3), Absolute (2), Allium (2), Alstonia species (2), Alternative Method (2), Analytical Chemistry (2), Antihypertensive Alkaloids (2), Antileukaemic (2), Arylnaphthalene Lignans (2), Asymmetric Synthesis (2), Autocrine Inflammatory Mediator (2), Bacopa monniera (2), Bioactive Constituents (2), Benzopyrone Derivatives (2), Betula utilis (2), Bioactivities (2), Biodiversity (2), Biological Evaluations (2), Biological Screening (2), Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids (2), Botrytis cinerea (2), Bridged (2), Buxus longifolia(2), Buxus sempervirens L. (2), Buxuspapilosa (2), Cadaba fruticosa (2), Calcium Channel Blocking (2), Cell Suspension Culture (2), Cholinesterase Inhibiting Withanolides (2), Cocculus hirsute (2), Cocculus pendulus (2), Colchicum decaisnei (2), Complex Natural Products (2), Configuration (2), Dihydrocleavamines (2), Delphinium nordhagenii (2), Drug Design (2), Cytotoxic (2), Demethoxycarbonyldeoxyvinblastine (2), Cunninghamella elegans (2), Design (2), Determination (2), Dimeric Tropane Alkaloids (2), Diphenylbisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid (2), Diterpene Lactones (2), Diterpenoid Alkaloids (2), Dynamics (2), Economical (2), Efficient (2), Enamine (2), Erratum (2), Ervaticine (2), Erythroxylum moonii (2), Essential (2), Ethanolic Extract (2), Ethers (2), Evaluation (2), Facile (2), Field (2), Five New Peltogynoids (2), Furanoid Diterpene (2), Furanoid (2), Further (2), Gomaline (2), Growth (2), Halenia corniculata (2), Harappamine (2), Hecubine (2), Hypoglycemic Activity (2), Identification (2),Imine-Enamine (2), Immunomodulatory Properties (2), Indolic (2), Indolic Imides (2), Inhibitor (2), Inhibitory Constituents (2), Intermediates (2), Isodon rugosus (2), Isoflavonoid Glycosides (2), Karachic acid (2), Kinetics (2), Lactones (2), Leaves of Alstonia macrophylla (2), Leaves of Sarcococca oriacea (2), Legumes of Rhazya Stricta (2), Leontice leontopetalum (2), Leuconollam sesquihydrate (2), Lindelofia stylosa (2), Lupine Alkaloids (2), Marine Brown Alga (2), Marine Organisms (2), Mestranol (2),Methods (2), Microbial (2), Microbial Metabolism (2), Mixture (2), New Antioxidant (2), New Dihydroindole Alkaloid (2), New Indolenine Alkaloid (2), New Isoflavone (2), New Theory of Memory (2), Nigellimine (2), N-oxide (2), Oil (2), One step Synthesis (2), Oxindole Alkaloid (2), Paeonia emodi (2), Papilamine (2), Partial Syntheses (2), Pentacyclic Triterpenes (2), Pentacyclic (2), Perspectives (2), Pharmacophores (2), Phosphodiesterase (2), Phytochemical (2), Potential (2), Pregnane-Type Steroidal Alkaloids (2), Presence (2), Process (2), Protecting Groups (2), Protoberberine Alkaloids (2), Pteleopsis hylodendron (2), Quinovic Acid Glycosides (2), Rapid (2), Reactions of Harmaline (2), Rearrangement (2), Recent (2), Recent Advances (2), Recognition (2), Reductive (2), Relationship (2), Revisiting Diterpene Lactones (2), Rhazimal (2), Rhazimine (2), Rhazya orientalis (2), Roots of Rhazya stricta (2), Rosamine (2), Saponin (2), Sarcococca brevifolia (2), Sarcococca hookeriana (2), Sesterterpene (2), Sodium Bromate (2), Sodium Hydrogen Sulfite (2), Spectral Deductions (2), Spectroscopic (2), Spectrum (2), Stereochemistry (2), Stricticine (2), Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (2), Terminalia glaucescens (2), Trachelospermum jasminoides (2), Triterpene (2), Triterpenodal Alkaloids (2), Triterpenoid Alkaloids (2), Triterpenoids (2), Utilization (2), FS-1 Subfraction (2), Interleukin-8 (2), 1H/13C-NMR (2) (-)- Caryophyllene Oxide (2), (-)-Ambrox (2), (+)-Androsta-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione (2), (+)-Catharanthine (2), (+)-Eburnamonine (2), (+)-Vincamine (2), 11-Methoxynauclefine (2), 11-Methoxynauclefine (2), 5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles (2).

(-) -Ambrox, (-) Pinene, (-)-Isolongifolol, (-)-isolongifolol, (+)-16-Hydroxydihydrocleavamine, (+)-Adrenosterone, (+)-Cycloisolongifol-5-ol, (+)-a- and a-Dihydrocleavamines, (+)-Cycloisolongifol-5-beta-ol, (+)-16-Methoxy-carbonyldihydrocleavamine, (+)-Dihydrocatharanthine, (+)-di-OMethyl Syringaresinol, (+)-N-Formylharappamine, (+)-epi -Ibogamine, (+)-Ibogamine, (+)-N-formylpapilicine, (+)-N-Methyltiliamosine, \ (+)-N-Acetyl-N-dimethylcyclomicrobuxeine, +)-Methifloramine, (+)-Scareolide, (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-Menthol, (2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl), (4 Hydroxyphenyl), (4R)-Thiazolidine Carboxylic Acid, (D)-Pinene, (deacetylakuammiline), (R)-synephrine hydrochloride, 1,2,3,6, 11-Hexahydro-3-oxoindolizino (8,7-b), 1,2 Dehydroaspidospermidine N-oxide, 1,5-Benzothiazepine Derivatives, 10,12,12-Tris(3,3-dimethylallyl)-6,7-Dihydroxy -2,2,9-Trimethyl-1H-pyrano [2,3-b]antr-acen-5(12H)-one, 11Hydroxyepipachysamine-E, 11-methoxy Indoloquinolizidines, 11-Methoxy-5,6-dihydrosempervirine, 12-Epinapelline, 16-Hydroxydihydrocleavamines, 20-dihydrocondylocarpine, 16-Methoxycarbonydihydrocleavamine, 19, 19,20-E-Vallesamine, 19,20-Z-Vallesamine, 1D, 15 Acetoxydihydrocatharanthine, 1-Isopropenyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethylicosahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysen- 9-yl, 4-hydroxy-3methoxycinnamate, 20-Dimethylamino-3a, a-methylamino-5a-pregnane 217a-Ethynylestradiol, 17 a-dimethoxy-5a-estra-1, 10a-Hydroxycolumbine, 7a-Hydroxyfrullanolide, 7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2H-Chromen-2-One, 17-Ethynel-3, 7-Hydroxy-4,5-Dimethyl-2H-Chromen-2,One2, 20-N-Ethyl-1,8,14-trihydroxy-16a,18-dimethoxylycoctonine, 15, 20-anhydrovinblastine, 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Mannose, 2-Methoxy-1,2-dihydrorhazimine, 2-Methoxycarbonyl succinanilic acid, 2-Substituted 50,6-Dihydro-5-oxo-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazine-4-propanenitriles and of Their Intermediates, 2-Substituted Analogues, 3-(2-Furanyl)-2-Propenoic Acid, 3-(2-Thienyl)-2-Propenoic Acid, 3-(3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyloxy)-1,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone, 35 (10)-triene, 30-Acetoxy-Na-benzoylbuxidienine, 3-Acetoacetyl-7-Methylpyrano-[4,3-b]pyran-2,5-Dione, 3-Substituted Isocoumarins, 4-Vinylquinoline Alkaloid, 6-Methoxymethylmorphinol, 6S-11, 13-Dihydroeremanthine, 7-Hydroxycoumarin, 7-Hydroxyfrullanolide, a,-Glucuronidase, Abietane Diterpenes, Absolute Configurations, a-Carbons, Acetic acid, Acetonitrile Combination, Acetyl, Acetylharmaline, a-Chymotrypsin, Acid Lability, Aconitum falconeri, Aconitum karakolicum, Aconitum leave, Actinidia Deliciosa, Activation, Active, Activities, Addition, Adhatoda vasica Nees, Against, a-Glucuronidase, a-Lactone, Alcohols, a-Hydroxyvincadifformine, Aldehydes, Alioline, Along with, Alstozine N-Oxide, lzheimer's disease therapy, Aminothiophene, Analysis, Analysis Based Studies, Anamirta cocculus, Anhydrovinblastine, Anilines Carboxamides, Anticholinergic Activity, Anticonvulsant effect, Anti-Depressant Activities, Antidiarrhoeal, Antiferility Agents, Antileishmanial Activity, Antileishmanial Physalins, Antimicrobial Activities, Antimicrobial Activity, Antimicrobial Sesquiterpene Lactone, Antimicroial Ellagic Acid Derivatives, Antisecretory, Antispasmodic, Aplysia juliana, Apocynaceae, Aporphine-benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Apparicine, Application, Arachidonic Acid, Areca catechu, Arginine, Arjunglucoside I chloromethane 0.25-solvate monohydrate, Aromatic Amines, Aromatic Carboxylic Scids, Aromoline, Arylsulphonyl, Aryltetralin, Aspergillus terreus, Aspidospermidose, Bacteria, Bannucine, Barks of Xylopia aethiopica, Barley Extracts, Based, Basis, enzodiazepine, Benzoyl-16-acetylcycloxobuxidine, Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids, Berberis aristata, Berberis waziristanica, Betaine, Betavulganrin, Bhimberine, Bicuculline-induced Epileptiform Activity, Binary Indole Alkaloids, Bioactive chemical constituents, Bioactive Compounds, Bioactive Flavonoids and Saponin, Bioactive Phenolic Compounds, Bioactive Substances, Bioassay, Biocontrol Agents, Bio-Informatics, Biologcial Activity, Biological Activities, Biosynthesis, Bipiperidine, Biscoumarin, Blood Pressure, Bowellia papyrifera Brideliandellensis, Broncho, Broncho-vasodilatory Activity, Buxaceae, BuxaminolG, Buxaminone, Buxapapilinine, Buxapapillosin, Buxaquamarine, Buxus Species, C-6 Substituents, Cadabine, Calcium antagonistic properties, Calcium-channel blockingpotential Calculations, Candidate, CarbazoleSynthesis, Carbohydrate, Carbohydrate metabolicenzyme, Case, Cassia absus L. (Chaksu), Catalyzed, Catharine, Cathovaline, CD In situ Complexation Method, Ceiba pentandra, Centaurium pulchellum, Centaurium pulchellum Druce, Century, Cesium Fluoride-Celite, Cesium Iodide, Chalcone, Chalinesterase Inhibitors, Chasmaconitine 0.5-Methanol Solvate, Chemistry and Mechanism, Chemistry of Natural Products, Chemotaxonomy, Chemotherapy, Chloride Adduct, Cholinestease inhibitory pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids, Cholinesterase Inhibiting Activites, Cholinesterase Inhibiting New Steroidal Alkaloids, Cholinesterase Inhibitory, Cholinesterases, Cinnamate Derivatives, Cinnamates, Cinnoline Derivative, Circular Dichroism, Cleavages, Clerodendron inerme, Climacoptera obtusifolia, Coagulin-H: Human IL-2 Novel Natural Inhibitor, Cohirsine, Colchicine Alkaloids, Colocynthis vulgaris, Combinational Library, Commiphora mukul, Competitive Inhibitors, Complex, Complexes, Computer Guided Planned Synthesis, Concurrent Inhibiton, Conformation, Conformationally Constrained Peptide Metal Complexes, Conformations, Consolida hohenackeri, Containing, Control, Convenient, Conversion, Coronaridine, Cortisol, Cottonogenic, Creatinine, Crude Extracts, Cs/BF3. Et2O System, CsF-Celite/alkyl halides/CH3CN combination, Cucurbitacin Q-1,Cucurbitacins, Cucurbitane Glycosides, Cultured Hippocampal Neurons, Cussonia bancoensis, Cyclic, Cycloartane, Cyclobuxoviricine, Cyclohexanone, Cyclohexanoneoxalyl, Cyclomicrobuxine monohydrate, Cymbopogon citrates, Cyteine Based Novel Noncompetitive Inhibitors of Urease(s), Cytotoxic Natural Products, Cytotoxicity, Danazol, Degradative, Dehassia kurzii, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Delphinium carduchorum, Demulsification, Deoxyvinblastine, Desmethylpecyline, Desorption, Detoxification, Dicarboxylic Acid, Dicoumarols, Dihydro catharanthine, Dihydrocorynantheol, Dimensional, Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Discaria febrifuga, Dimeric Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Complex, Dimeric Podophyllotoxin-Type Lignan, Diploclisia glaucescens, Discoveries, Distinctive Inhibition Susceptibility, Distribution, Diterpene Alkaloids, Diterpenoid Lactone, Ditopic Receptor, Docking Studies, Drug, Drug Discovery, Dual Inhibitor, Duranta repens, Dynamic, E rvatamia coronaria, E.O. Ajaiyeoba, Easy, Eatty Ester, Effects, Efficacy, Efficient Solvent Evaporating System, Elixirs of Love, Emodinol,Enamine Reactions, Enantiomers, Endoperoxide Synthase, Enzyme inhibition studies, Enzyme Inhibitory Activites, Enzyme Inhibitory Effects, Enzymes, Enzymes Inhibition Activity, Esterase,Examples, Exciting, Exotic Withanolides, Expedient Esterification, Extracts, Extracts of Barley, Facile Route, Factors, Fast atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry, Fatty Ester, Favouring, Fermentation, Fern Adiantum incisum, Ferula mongolica, Fight Against Cancer, First, First Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Five, Five New Withanolides, Flowers, Focused Library of Oxadiazoles, Four New Flavones, Fraction, Fragmentation, Fructo-oligosaccharides, Fruit Extract, FS-1 isolated, Fumarizine, Fungal Metabolites of (E)-Guggulsterone, Fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, Furanoid Bisnorditerpenoid, Furanoid Diterpenoid, Fusarium lini, Gambirtannine, Gelidiella acerosa, Gelomuilide, Generation, Genus Buxus, Glycolipid, Glycopeptides, Glucose Derivatives, Gossypium herbaceum, Griffithine, Guanidino Function of Arginine, Haloxylon griffithii, Harepermine, Harmaline (4,9-dihydro-7-methoxy-1- methyl-3H-pyrido-[3,4-b] indole), Harmaline (4-9-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl- 3Hpyrido-[3,4-b] indole), Harmidine, Harmine, Hederagenin, Heterocycle, Hexacyanoferrate, Highly Selective Indination of Alcohols, Highly Versatile Iodination Method, Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons, Human Neutrophils, Human Platelet Aggregation, Human sperm motility, Hunteria lkaloids, Hyderabadin, Hydrazides, Hydroxy, Hydroxylated, Hydroxylation, Hydroxyprogesterones, Hypolipaemic E- Guggulsterone, Identity, Imidazolone, Imines, Immunostimulant Sesquiterpene Glycoside, Imperatives for the Promotion of Science and Technology in Pakistan, Imperatorin, Imperialine Derivatives, Improved, Improved Method, Improved synthesis of sildenafil (Viagra) analogs, In vitro Inhibition, In Vitro Leishmanicidal Activity, Incorporation of 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose, Indacontine 0.5-Acetone Solvate, Indole-4-ium, Indolic Imino, Indoline Alkaloid, Induced Platelet Aggregation, Influencing, Inhibit, Inhibitory Effects, Inhibitory Potential, Inula viscose, Iridoid, Iris Germanica Rhizomes, Iris soforana, Irradiation, Isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones Phthalides), Isoflavones Irilin B, Isoflavonoids, Isolongifolen-4-one, Isomeric Derivatives, Iso-N-Formyl-5-en-honemorphine, Isoquino [1-2-b] quinazoline derivative, Isoquinoline Alkaloid, Isotamarixen, Isovallesiachotamine, Jamtine N-Oxide, Jolyna laminarioides, Juliflorine,Karachicine, Karachine, Lahoricine, Laurencia pinnatifida, Leading, Leaves of Buxus hildebrandtii, Leaves of Erthoxylum moonii, Leaves of Ervatamia coronaria, Leaves of Ferula oopoda, Leaves of Murraya paniculata, Leaves of Podophyllum hexandrum, Lectones, Leurosine, Leurosinone, Levonorgestrel, Lignans, Linear etabolite, Linkage, Linked Scan Measurements, Linn, Lipid Profile, Lipoxygenase, Lipoxygenase Activity, Lipoxygenase Enzyme, Logical Approach, Loranthol, Lowering Action of Active Principle, Macroxine, Mahanine, Malabarolide, Malarial Glycoproteins, Marine Zoanthid, Markownikov, Mass Spectral Fragmentation, Mass Spectroscopic Studies, Mass Spectroscopic Study, Medicinal Lichen, Mehranine, Mesterolone, Metabolism, Metabolites, Metal Ion-Catalyzed Reduction, Metal Salts, Metal-Ion, Methanone monohydrate 737. 18. (5R, 6S, 8S, 9R, 14R, 15R, 17R, 18S, 21S, 24R, 26S, 27R)-Chloro-16, 24-cyclo-13, 14-Secoergosta-2-ene-18,26-dioicacid-14:17,14:27-diepoxy-6,13, 20, 22-tetrahydroxy-1, 15-dioxo-a-lactone a-lactone methanol solvate monohydrate, Methoxycarbonyldihydrocleavamines, Methyl [2,4,5--trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-perhydropyran-3-yl]carbamate, Methyl Ether Analogues of Sildenafil (Viagra) Possessing, Methylacrylate, Microbial Hydroxylation, Microbial Oxidation, Microbiological Hydroxylation, Microwave, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Mimusops elengi, Mitragyna stipulosa, Mnonuclear oxovandadium (IV) complexes, Modification, Modified, Mongolian Medicinal Plant, Monoterpenes, Murraya paniculata, N, N'Diphenylsuccinamide, Nahagenin,N-Alkylation, Na-Methylsecodine, N-Arylated, Natural cholinesterase, Natural Compounds, Natural Inhibitors, Naturally Occurring Spatozoate, Nb-Demethylalstophylline oxindole, N-Benzoyl-30-acetoxycycloxobuxidine-F, N-Benzylsecodine, Nb-Methylstrictamine, Neighbouring Group Participation, Nematicidal Activity, New Antibacterial Steroidal Alkaloids, New Anticholinergic Steroidal Alkaloid, New Antifungal Steroidal Lactones, New Approaches, New Arylnaphthalene Lignans Glucosides, New b-Adrenoceptor Agonist, New Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, New Binary Indole Alkaloid, New Biscoumarin Derivatives, New Bisindole Alkaloids, New Class of Acid Phosphatase Inhibitors, New Class of Cholinesterase Inhibitors, New Class of human recombinant nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitors, New Class of natural cholinesterase inhibitors, New Class of Sesterterpene, New Class of Steroidal Alkaloids, New class of Urease inhibitors, New Coumarin, New Crystal-Engineering Motif, New Crystalline Cevane Alkaloid, New Cyclopeptide Alkaloids, New Diepoxy-ent-kauranoid Regosinin, New Dimeric Indoline Alkaloid, New Dinitro Derivatives, New Diterpene Isopimara-7,15-Dien-19-OIC Acid, New Diterpenoids, New Eudesmane Type Sesquiterpene, New Eudesmanolides, New Fungal Metabolites of Sclareol, New Furanoid Diterpenoidal Constituents, New Glycosides, New Indazole Alkaloid, New Isatin Derivatives, New Life to Computer Sciences, New Mavacurine Type Alkaloid, New Non-nitrogenous Triterpenoids, New Natural Dibenzocycloheptylamine Alkaloids, New Norditerpenoid, New Pharmacophores, New Piperidine Alkaloid,New Pseudoindoxyl Alkaloid, New Sesquiterpene Lactone, New Steroidal Lactones, New Tetrahydrofuranoid Steroidal Alkaloids, New Triterpene, N-Formylanonaine, N-Glycosidic, N-Formylcyclomicrobuxeine, N-Imidotryptamines, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Heterocycles, Nitrogenus Compounds, N-Methyltiliamosine, NMR, Norditerpene, Norethisterone, Nortropane Alkaloids, Nucleophilic, O-Acetyljervin, Oranthus grewinkii, Organosulfur Compounds, Organtin, Origin, Oxazolone, Oxidative, Oxidative Fragmentation, Oxyberberine, Pakistan Encyclopaedia Planta Medica, Papaverine Derivative, Papilicine, Papillamidine, Papraine, Parasitemia, Peganum harmala, Pentacyclic System Isomeric, Pentylenetetrazole, Peptide Alkaloids, Persicanidine B, Pharmacological Evaluation, Pharmacological Screening, Phenolic glycosides, Phenolics, Phenyl Polypropanoids, Phospholipase D Activity, Photochemical Cyclization, Photocyclization, Photolysis, Phyllanthus fraternus, Physalin H, Physalis minima, Phytochemical Diversity, Podophyllum emodi, Phytopathogens, Phytotherapy, Phytotoxic Defects, Phytotoxic Effects, Picralima Alkaloids, Picralstonine, Pinatol, Pinnatazane, Piperidines, Plant Pathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea, Plant Ureases, Plants and Aids, Plasmodium falciparum, Platelet Activating Factor, Polymeric Over, Possessing, Possible Catabolic Route, Potassium,Potent Immunosuppressant, Potent natural peripheral anionic-site-binding inhibitor, Potential Source, Prednisone, Pregnenolone Derivatives, Prevost Reaction, Principles and Guidelines, Problems, Production, Progress, Prolyl Endopeptidase, Promising New Free-Radical Scavengers, Prostaglandin, Protocol, Pseudaconitine, Pseudobenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, p-Toluenesulfonic Acid, Pulegone, Pure Constituents, Pyrazoline Derivative, Quettamine--type Alkaloids, Quinolizidine Alkaloid, Quinolizine Alkaloids, Radical- Scavenging Screening,Rapamycin, Rapid Metal Mediated Method of Isolation, Rapid Procedure, Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons, Rat Liver, Rats Fed on High-fat diet, Reactions of Imines, Recent Discoveries, Reduction Indolic Imides, Reinvestigation,Relationships, Remarkable, Research, Reserpine Analogues, Reserpine znalogues, Respiratory Burst, Rhazicine, Rhazidigenine--N-oxide, Rhazimanine, Rhazizine, Ritchiea capparoides var. longiedicellata, Rodents, Root Rot Infection in Cotton, Rosicine, Ruta montana, Saifine-N-methylleuconolam, Salsola foetida, Salutaridinemethine, Salvia napifolia, Sapatozoate, Sarcococca zeylanica, Sarsasapogenin, Scareolide, Scholaricine, Scientific ducation in Muslim Countries, Sclareolide, Secokara Conitine, Sequiterpene Lactone Achilin, Sequiterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Several, Showing, Significance, Simulation Studies, Six, Solation, Solid, Snake Venom Phosphodiesterase, Soil, Solid phase, Solving, Sophazrine, Sophora alopecuroides, Spasmolytic Potential, Specific otations, Spectral Data, Spectral Generalizations, Spectroscopic Studies, Sri Lankan marine red alga, Stachydrine, StachydrineL, Stapfinine, Stems and Roots of Caesalpinia crista, Stereochemical Aspects, Stereoselectivity, Steroidal, Steroidal Alkaloids, III, Steroidal Glycoside, Steroids, Stimulating, Stockerine, Stockeyia indica, Stricanol, Strictamine, Strictine, Structures, Subcellular, Substituted, Successful, Succinylanthranilic Acid Ester, Suggested, Sulfono, Support, Supramolecular network, Sustained Repetitive Firing, Swertia cordata, ynthesized, Talatisamine, Tamarix hispida, Tamarix ramosissima, Taraxerol, Tautomerism, Tautomerism-Nucleophilic, Taxane Diterpenes, Taxilamine, Taxus baccata, Techniques, Terminalin A, Terpinolene, Tertiary Aromatic Amides, Testerolone, Testosterone, Tetrafluoroborate, Tetrahydroalstonine, Tetrahydrofuranoid, The Nuts and Bolts, The Role of Natural Products in Modern Medicine, Theory of memory, Thiadiazoles, Three New Steroidal Amines, Three Tyrosinase Inhibitors, Three Withanolides, Thrombin inhibitory Constituents, Thrombin nhibitory Diterpenoids, Through, Tiliaresine, Timber of Neonauclea zeylanica, Time for 'enlightened moderation, Tocolytic Activities, Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague, Traditional Medicine, Transformations Xenobiotic, Trends in ethnopharmacology, Trianilinophosphine oxide, Triazoles, Trichothecium roseum, Triterpenoid Saponins, Triterpnoidal Alkaloids, Trosinase Inhibition Studies, Turkish, Two--Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, Two Isofavones and Bioactivity Spectrum, Two New Aurones, Two New Cinnamic Acid Esters, Two New Ergostane-type Steroidal Lactones, Two New Isoflavanoids, Two New Leucosesterterpenes, Two New Quinones, Two New Rearranged Taxoids, Two New Triterpene Lactones, Two new Triterpenes, Two Saponins, Tyrosinaseinhibition activities, Unique, Unusual, Ursolic Acid, Usnea longissima, V--A One-Step Synthesis, Variably Substituted Chalcones, Variably Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-d]Pyrimidin-7-ones, Varninasterol, Vasodilatory, Vinca Alkaloid, Vinca major, Vincadine, Vindoline, Vindolinine, Viral Diseases, Viruses, Voaphylline, Weak aromatic acids, Withania species, Wonderful, Xanthones, Zinc/Ethano, Zizyphus lotus, Zoanthaminone.

Appendix A

Table-6 Collaborator Dynamics (Comprehensive)

Sr.    Authors                    NP    [NP.sub.    [NP.sub.
No.                                       syn]        isol]

 1     Atta-ur-Rahman             90        9          428
 2     M. I. Chaudhary            57                   252
 3     K. M. Khan                 5                    12
 4     B. Sener                   6                    35
 5     S. Anjum                   14                   20
 6     S. Pervin                  1                    18
 7     F. Shaheen                                      27
 8     Habib-ur-Rahman            1                    18
 9     A. Farooq                  4                    18
 10    M. Parvez                  2                    17
 11    V. U. Ahmad                2                     6
 12    S. Ahmed                   1                    17
 13    S. Turkoz                  1                    21
 14    Hoong-Kun Fun              10                   10
 15    S. Malik                                        19
 16    A. Dar                     1                     4
 17    M. Bashir                                       16
 18    A. Khalid                  3                    13
 19    S. G. Musharraf            1                    17
 20    K. Zaman                   1                    11
 21    M. Nisa                                         15
 22    A. Pervin                                       12
 23    S. Hayat                                         7
 24    S. A. Nawaz                                     14
 25    A. Basha
 26    A. Muzaffar                                     15
 27    W. Voelter                                      10
 28    I. Ali                                          14
 29    M. R. Khan                 4                    10
 30    S. Khanum                                       14
 31    K.T.D. De. Selva                                14
 32    A. Ata                     2                    10
 33    G. M. Maharvi              1                     4
 34    K. A. Alvi                                      12
 35    R. A. Ali                  1                    11
 36    J. Clardy                                       11
 37    N. Sultana                 2                     6
 38    M. M. Qureshi                                   10
 39    S. S. Ali                                       10
 40    Zaheer-ul-Haq              2                     6
 41    Zia-Ullah                                        2
 42    S. Jalil                   1                     8
 43    M. Ghazala1                                      1
 44    A. A. Ansari                                     9
 45    Habib Nasir                                     10
 46    Z. Shah                                         10
 47    N. Fatima                  2                     7
 48    A. H. Gilani               2                     6
 49    M. Shamma                                       10
 50    T. Fatima                                        9
 51    D. Ahmad                   1                     9
 52    F. Nighat                                       10
 53    S. S. Sabri                                     10
 54    M. Abu Zarga                                    10
 55    S. Ali                     5                     4
 56    D. Shahwar                 2                     8
 57    F. Akhtar                                        8
 58    A. Abbas Khan                                   10
 59    N. Waheed
 60    S. Firdous                                       4
 61    Y. Ahmad                                         5
 62    M. Alam                                          9
 63    M. S. Shekhani             1                     6
 64    S. Naz                     3                     6
 65    S. A. Jamal                                      8
 66    A. Ahmad                   2                     4
 67    M. T. H. Khan                                    5
 68    K. P. Devkota              1                     8
 69    P. W. Le Quesne            3                     4
 70    K. Fatima                                        7
 71    M. Sultana                                       1
 72    G. A. Miana                1                     4
 73    N. Daulatabadi                                   6
 74    Z. Iqbal                                         7
 75    S. Zareen                                        5
 76    Z. Perween                 1                     7
 77    A. Nasreen                 1                     5
 78    T. Makhmoor                1                     6
 79    A. Yasin                                         8
 80    M. A. Lodhi                1                     3
 81    A. J. Freyer                                     7
 82    F. N. Ngounou                                    6
 83    R. A. Siddiqui             2                     2
 84    S. Qureshi                                       7
 85    Z. Amtul                   1                     5
 86    M. Shabbir                                       7
 87    M. Yaqoob                                        7
 88    W. Gul                     2                     3
 89    A. M. Khan                                       5
 90    N. Nahar                                         7
 91    I. Baig                                          7
 92    E. Bayer                                         2
 93    S. Nasim                   1                     5
 94    Z. A. Siddiqui                                   4
 95    R. Ranjit                                        7
 96    J. Harley Mason
 97    S. Farhi                                         6
 98    M. A. Khan                 1                     4
 99    W. S. J. Silva                                   6
100    S. A. Abbas                                      6
101    A. Nelofar                                       5
102    E. Asif                                          6
103    B. L. Sondengam                                  6
104    M. Feroz                                         5
105    K. H. C. Baser             1                     5
106    M. Yousuf                  1                     4
107    Shahida Shujaat                                  4
108    A. Malik                                         5
109    R. J. DeLorenzo                                  6
110    S. Sombati                                       6
111    Mohsin Raza                                      6
112    A. Suria                                         6
113    I. A. Jahan                                      6
114    Y. Tsuda                   1                     5
115    Zafar S. Saify             1                     1
116    A. A. Rahman               2                     3
117    M. N. Sultankhodzhaev      1                     1
118    S. Yousaf                  1                     5
119    M. A. Mesaik               1                     2
120    M. N. Ghayur               2                     3
121    T.M. Shrestha                                    6
122    L. Kenne                                         4
123    J. Fatima                                        5
124    N. M. Hasan                                      3
125    H. Ahmad                   1                     3
126    D. Lontsi                                        5
127    E. Dagne                   2                     3
128    T. H. Al-Tel                                     5
129    F. Noor-e-Ain              1                     4
130    M. Ashraf                  1                     4
131    I. Orhan                                         4
132    M. N. Akhtar               1                     4
133    S. Sultan                                        5
134    Atia-tul-Vakhab                                  2
135    M. Ahmad                                         4
136    N. Hasan                                         4
137    S. Hasan                                         3
138    Y. Badar                                         4
139    A. K. Ray                                        3
140    B. Mukherjee                                     3
141    G. Ahmad                                         4
142    S. K. Mitra                                      3
143    S. A. Saeed                                      4
144    G. Mukhopadhyay                                  3
145    M. K. Bhatti                                     4
146    M. Shameel                                       4
147    U. L. B. Jayasinghe                              4
148    Khalid Aftab                                     2
149    N. Ahmad                                         4
150    O. Purev                                         4
151    A. Ulubelen                                      4
152    S. Begum                                         1
153    F. Asif                                          4
154    S. A. M. Ayatollahi                              3
155    F. Demirci                 1                     2
156    Z. A. Abilov               1                     3
157    M. Mosihuzzaman                                  4
158    M. Z. Khan
159    Azizuddin                                        4
160    S. A. A. Shah                                    4
161    F. Feroz                                         4
162    S. Hussain                                       3
163    S. T. A. Shah                                    2
164    F. Zehra                                         2
165    N. Perveen                                       2
166    G. Blasko                                        3
167    I. Hassan                                        1
168    T. Zamir                                         3
169    H. M. Said                                       1
170    K. P. Guha                                       2
171    D. S. Rycroft                                    3
172    P.M. Shah                                        3
173    Y. Al Abed                                       3
174    M. A. Maqbool              2                     1
175    M. Abid                    2                     1
176    M. Z. Iqbal                                      3
177    U. Ghani                   1                     1
178    S. Anwar                                         1
179    M. Nadeem                                        3
180    L. M. Tillekeratne                               2
181    A. Naz                                           3
182    K. F. Khattak                                    3
183    S. Jahan                   1                     2
184    Purev O. Ndocnii                                 3
185    M. Nur-e-Alam                                    3
186    N. Alam                                          3
187    S. K. Kalauni                                    2
188    V. B. Omurkamzinova                              3
189    S. Tahara                                        2
190    F. Noor
191    S. Rahat
192    Mudassir Asrar             1                     2
193    S. Shahnaz.                                      3
194    F. Ayanoglu                                      2
195    S. Channa                  1                     2
196    S. Murad
197    C. T. Supuran
198    H. Y. Gondal                                     3
199    M. Rani
200    S. Iqbal                                         1
201    Allan B. Reitz
202    Cheryl P. Kordik
203    S. Khan                                          3
204    Z. Ismail
205    A. Sami                                          3
206    M. Atif                                          3
207    S. Nahar Khan                                    1
208    B. Tashkhodzhaev           1
209    C. Karalai                 2                     1
210    K. K. Turgunov             1
211    S. Chantrapromma           2                     1
212    J. A. Beisler
213    M. Hafeez                                        2
214    N. Munugesan                                     2
215    S. A. Drexler                                    2
216    A. N. Mistry                                     2
217    S. Kaleem                                        2
218    K. Albert                                        2
219    M. Asif                                          2
220    K. Jahan                                         2
221    I. H. Qureshi
222    T. Begum
223    T. Rasheed                                       2
224    S. Wasti                                         2
225    M. Shaiq Ali                                     1
226    I. I. Vohra                                      2
227    S. Juma Karimini                                 2
228    T. Wehler                                        1
229    K. Wurst                                         2
230    P. Hutter                                        2
231    W. Hiller                                        2
232    S. Balasubrama-niam                              2
233    R. Zaidi                                         1
234    D.Shehnaz                                        2
235    A. Yasmin                                        2
236    M.Y. Khan
237    G. Topc                                          2
238    M. Hasan                                         1
239    H. Echner                                        1
240    A. Ghaffar                                       2
241    S. Shamim                                        2
242    S. N. Ali                                        2
243    A. Sultana                                       2
244    G. Odontuya                                      2
245    M. S. Ajaz                                       1
246    K. Usman Ghani
247    A. Jabbar                                        2
248    S. Z. Sultani                                    2
249    I. Naeem                                         2
250    N. Khan                                          2
251    S. Khatoon                                       1
252    D. C. Hoessli                                    1
253    A. Majeed                                        2
254    M. Iqbal                   1                     1
255    K. D. Hemalal                                    2
256    A. H. Mericli                                    2
257    F. Mericli                                       2
258    G. Toker                                         2
259    H. Ozcelik                                       2
260    K. Parvez                                        1
261    A. S. Mynzhasarovich
262    G. Purevsuran                                    2
263    M. N. Alam                                       2
264    T. Badarchiin                                    2
265    E. Anis                                          2
266    G. Mustafa                                       2
267    K. A. Tabylovich
268    N. Afza                                          1
269    Pir Muhammad Khan                                2
270    H. Bibi                                          1
271    M. B. Gewali                                     2
272    M. D. Manandhar                                  2
273    I. Anis                                          2
274    N. Sultanova               1                     1
275    B. Tuya                                          2
276    L. A. Tapondjou                                  2
277    Z. Ahmed                                         1
278    R. B. Tareen                                     2
279    N. T. Khan                                       1
280    N. Riaz                                          2
281    S. M. Haider
282    Zahid H. Chohan
283    S. Nawaz                                         2
284    M. K. Azim                                       1
285    N. Ambreen                                       2
286    S. Naheed                  1
287    T. H. Khan                                       2
288    Afshan Begum                                     2
289    M. U. Anwar                                      1
290    N. Butt                    1                     1
291    N. R. Abdullah
292    S. Goswami                                       2
293    Samreen                                          2
294    Shafique-ur-Rehman                               2
295    B. Coldman                 1
296    B. Springer (ed.)          1
297    M. Zeeshan                                       2
298    W. Kausar                                        1
299    E. Foresti Serantoni
300    L. Riva de Sanseverino
301    T. Burney
302    N. H. Khan
303    B. A. Solheim
304    J. L. Occolowitz
305    R. L. Garnic
306    D. Smith
307    A. Urzaua                                        1
308    T. Z. Ismail                                     1
309    G. Sariyar                                       1
310    He Cun-Heng                                      1
311    A. Q. Khan                                       1
312    Ademir F. Morel                                  1
313    Chitra K. Ratnayake                              1
314    H. Guinaudeau                                    1
315    L. S. R. Arambewala                              1
316    M. D. Colton                                     1
317    A. L. Gunatilaka                                 1
318    C. B. Gamlath                                    1
319    F. Amjad                                         1
320    G. Crank                                         1
321    H. W. M. W. Herath                               1
322    Helen S.M. Lu                                    1
323    I. Haq                                           1
324    K. M. I. Navaratne                               1
325    L. B. De Silva                                   1
326    L. Paskanyi                                      1
327    S. Bano                                          1
328    S. Salam                                         1
329    A. Panthong                                      1
330    A. Z. Haq                                        1
331    D. Kanjanapothi                                  1
332    D. Shaikh                                        1
333    K. Bhatti                                        1
334    T. Taesofikul                                    1
335    A. Yensew                                        1
336    R. Ali                                           1
337    S. U. Kazmi                                      1
338    A. Kazmi
339    B. H. Shah
340    F. C. Nachnai
341    M. U. Memon
342    M. U. Valhari
343    N. Molla
344    R. R. Naqvi
345    T. Parveen                                       1
346    T. Sultana                                       1
347    Z. H. Zaidi
348    A. Badshah
349    A. Jamal                                         1
350    F. Mahmood                                       1
351    G. P. Wannigama                                  1
352    M. Danish
353    M. Mazhar
354    Nazar-ul-Islam
355    R. U. Simjee                                     1
356    G. Snatzke                                       1
357    T. Hussain                                       1
358    A. Zaman
359    C. Schroder                                      1
360    E. Ehtesham ul Hawue                             1
361    I. Mir                                           1
362    K. A. Aziz                 1                     1
363    M. I. Khan
364    Mujeeb-ur-Rahman                                 1
365    Rafiuddin
366    Z. S. Siddiqui
367    M. H. Kazmi                1
368    A. Al Aboudi                                     1
369    B. S. Siddiqui
370    C. Muni                                          1
371    Chao-Zhou Ni                                     1
372    G. Davaa Sambuu                                  1
373    Ghiasuddin
374    H. Oyun                                          1
375    M. I. Zaidi                                      1
376    M. K. Kazmi                                      1
377    M. Kartal                                        1
378    M. M. Ahmad                1
379    N. M. Tirmzi               1
380    Omm-e-Hany                 1
381    R. Siddiqui                1
382    S. H. Khan
383    S. Kurucu                                        1
384    S. Sadiq Hasan                                   1
385    T. L. Maksimovna                                 1
386    U. Sonmez                                        1
387    R. A. O'Neill
388    S. I. Ahmad
389    T. Sarfaraz
390    A. A. Davidson                                   1
391    A. H. Khan1                                      1
392    A. R. Siddiqui                                   1
393    A. S. Ijaz                                       1
394    G. Rahman                                        1
395    Nasir-ud-Din                                     1
396    R. Ahmad                                         1
397    R. Swaleh                                        1
398    S. Ehteshamul Haque                              1
399    S. Saied                                         1
400    A. Hoff                                          1
401    A. Rauf                                          1
402    D. Hohnholz                                      1
403    E.O. Ajaiyeoba                                   1
404    F. Jens                                          1
405    H. Becker                                        1
406    H. D. Ratnayake                                  1
407    H. Zapp                                          1
408    J. Baumgold                1
409    N. Sattar                                        1
410    E. Dogru                                         1
411    H. Zhang
412    K. Harvey                  1
413    K. Varvey                  1
414    M. Shabbir Yousaf                                1
415    R. Thurmer
416    W. Thomson                 1
417    Y. Wang
418    A. G. Abdulkakhimovna
419    A. L. Meli1                                      1
420    A. Weerasooriya                                  1
421    B. Demirci
422    B. M. M. Kumarihamy                              1
423    D.A. Dmitrievich
424    Dris Touati                                      1
425    F. Toker                                         1
426    Hafiz Rub Nawaz                                  1
427    J. F. Ayafor                                     1
428    K.B. Baurzhanovich
429    M. Bunderya                                      1
430    N.Jahan                                          1
431    S. Y. Melsovich
432    T.K. Muboryakovich
433    Z. Oyun                                          1
434    A. S. Amarasekare
435    G. A. Premakumara
436    K. K. S. Ng                1
437    M. N. G. James             1
438    N. Ullah                   1
439    W. D. Ratnasooriya
440    W. Schumann
441    A. Kursheed
442    A. Qazi
443    E. M. Hamed                                      1
444    H. Latif                                         1
445    K. H.C. Basaric                                  1
446    Klaus-Peter Zeller                               1
447    M. A. Khanfar                                    1
448    M. Ovais
449    N. A. Sultanov                                   1
450    A. Arfan
451    Aziz ur Rahman                                   1
452    D. Abdul Rahman                                  1
453    E. Shaheen                                       1
454    F. R. V. Heerden                                 1
455    Hee-Juhn Park                                    1
456    I. Erdogan                                       1
457    Kyung TaeLee                                     1
458    M. A. Anwar
459    M. A. Zaidi                                      1
460    M. Mizuno                  1
461    M. Ozguven
462    M. Saleem
463    R. B. Bagdatovna
464    S. M. Hai
465    Y. Mimaki                  1
466    Y. Sashida                 1
467    Z. Sultani                                       1
468    A. Ajaz                                          1
469    A. Ejaz                                          1
470    A. Iqbal
471    A. Nasim
472    A. R. Raza
473    D. Brezina
474    F. I. Ansari
475    G. Musharraf                                     1
476    L. Hussain
477    M. A. Abbasi               1
478    M. Arfan                                         1
479    M. Mahroof Tahir
480    M. Moin                                          1
481    M. N. Sultankhod                                 1
482    M. Rasheed                 1
483    N. M. Akhtar
484    R. Supino                  1
485    S. A. Shahzad
486    A. Hasan
487    B. M. Rode                                       1
488    B. T. Ngadjui              1
489    C. Pakhathirathien         1
490    C. Ponglimanont                                  1
491    Fadimatou                                        1
492    H. Naz                                           1
493    I. Batool                                        1
494    I. E. Muhammad                                   1
495    J. M. Alam
496    K. Chantrapromma                                 1
497    K. Yasmen                                        1
498    M. Fecker
499    M. Imran-ul-Haq                                  1
500    M. Sajid                                         1
501    M. Sher
502    N. Boonnak                 1
503    N. Silvere                                       1
504    N. Sultankhodjaev                                1
505    N. T. Diderot                                    1
506    R. J. Abdel Jalil
507    R. Srisuwan                                      1
508    S. Aijaz                                         1
509    S. Cheenpracha                                   1
510    S. Dey                                           1
511    S. F. Kimbu                                      1
512    S. G. Mascara                                    1
513    S. I. Awan                 1
514    S. Kharim                  1
515    S. R Ali                   1
516    S. Umbreen
517    Simeon F. Kouam            1
518    T. Etienne                                       1
519    T. Yousuf
520    U. T. Teshebaeva                                 1
521    Z. Fabien                                        1
522    Z. A. Khan
523    A. A. M. Ayatollahi                              1
524    A. Anwar
525    A. Hazra                                         1
526    A. Kulsoom                                       1
527    A. Nasib                                         1
528    B. Yeskaliyeva                                   1
529    C. Follmer                                       1
530    G. Sh. Burasheva                                 1
531    H. K. Gill
532    J. L. Eriksen                                    1
533    M. A. Agzamova
534    M. Ali
535    M. I. Isaev
536    M. Mostafa                                       1
537    M. Q. Fatimi                                     1
538    N. Kausar                                        1
539    R. F. Rozmahel1                                  1
540    R. P. Mamedova
541    S. A. Kazmi                                      1
542    S. D. Sokeng                                     1
543    S. Jana                                          1
544    S. K. Sadozai
545    Saifullah                                        1
546    M. Nasir                                         1
547    S. M. Khalil                                     1
548    Z. Ali                                           1
       Total                     312        9         2149
       Percentage                9.5       .27        65.2

Sr.    [NP.sub.    [NP.sub.     SY     MC     SP     AC    Misc.    F
No.     x-ray]       nmr]

 1         9          16       131     24     23     8      28     766
 2         9           3        55     10     5      5       2     398
 3                              25                   1              43
 4         1                                                        42
 5         1                    3                                   38
 6         1                    15                                  35
 7                              3      1                            31
 8                     1        3             3      1              27
 9                              2                                   24
 10        3                    2                                   24
 11                    4        4             4              2      22
 12                             2             2                     22
 13                                                                 22
 14                             1                                   21
 15                                           1                     20
 16                             1                           14      20
 17                             3                                   19
 18        1                    2                                   19
 19                             1                                   19
 20                             2      2      1                     17
 21                                    1                            16
 22                    2                      2                     16
 23                             9                                   16
 24                             2                                   16
 25                    2        12            1                     15
 26                                                                 15
 27                             5                                   15
 28                             1                                   15
 29        1                                                        15
 30                                                                 14
 31                                                                 14
 32                    1        1                                   14
 33                    1        8                                   14
 34                                           1                     13
 35                             1                                   13
 36                             1                                   12
 37                             4                                   12
 38                                           2                     12
 39                             2                                   12
 40        1                    2                    1              12
 41                             10                                  12
 42                             1      1             1              12
 43                             10                                  11
 44                             1             1                     11
 45                             1                                   11
 46                             1                                   11
 47                             1                    1              11
 48                             1      1                     1      11
 49                                                                 10
 50                             1                                   10
 51                                                                 10
 52                                                                 10
 53                                                                 10
 54                                                                 10
 55                             1                                   10
 56                                                                 10
 57        2                                                        10
 58                                                                 10
 59                             9                                   9
 60                             4             1                     9
 61                             4                                   9
 62                                                                 9
 63        1                    1                                   9
 64                                                                 9
 65                    1                                            9
 66                             2                    1              9
 67                             3                    1              9
 68                                                                 9
 69                             1                                   8
 70                             1                                   8
 71                             7                                   8
 72        2                    1                                   8
 73                                           1      1              8
 74                             1                                   8
 75                             3                                   8
 76                                                                 8
 77        2                                                        8
 78                             1                                   8
 79                                                                 8
 80                             4                                   8
 81                                                                 7
 82                             1                                   7
 83                             2                    1              7
 84                                                                 7
 85                             1                                   7
 86                                                                 7
 87                                                                 7
 88        2                                                        7
 89                             1                    1              7
 90                                                                 7
 91                                                                 7
 92                             5                                   7
 93        1                                                        7
 94                             3                                   7
 95                                                                 7
 96                             6                                   6
 97                                                                 6
 98                             1                                   6
 99                                                                 6
100                                                                 6
101                                           1                     6
102                                                                 6
103                                                                 6
104                    1                                            6
105                                                                 6
106                                                  1              6
107                             1      1                            6
108                             1                                   6
109                                                                 6
110                                                                 6
111                                                                 6
112                                                                 6
113                                                                 6
114                                                                 6
115                             4                                   6
116                             1                                   6
117        1                    1                    2              6
118                                                                 6
119                             2                    1              6
120                             1                                   6
121                                                                 6
122                                           1                     5
123                                                                 5
124                    1        1                                   5
125                             1                                   5
126                                                                 5
127                                                                 5
128                                                                 5
129                                                                 5
130                                                                 5
131        1                                                        5
132                                                                 5
133                                                                 5
134        1                    1                    1              5
135                             1                                   5
136                                                                 4
137                                           1                     4
138                                                                 4
139                                           1                     4
140                                           1                     4
141                                                                 4
142                                           1                     4
143                                                                 4
144                                           1                     4
145                                                                 4
146                                                                 4
147                                                                 4
148                                    2                            4
149                                                                 4
150                                                                 4
151                                                                 4
152                             3                                   4
153                                                                 4
154        1                                                        4
155                             1                                   4
156                                                                 4
157                                                                 4
158                             4                                   4
159                                                                 4
160                                                                 4
161                                                                 4
162                             1                                   4
163                             2                                   4
164                             1                                   3
165                             1                                   3
166                                                                 3
167                             2                                   3
168                                                                 3
169                                                          2      3
170                                           1                     3
171                                                                 3
172                                                                 3
173                                                                 3
174                                                                 3
175                                                                 3
176                                                                 3
177                             1                                   3
178        2                                                        3
179                                                                 3
180                                    1                            3
181                                                                 3
182                                                                 3
183                                                                 3
184                                                                 3
185                                                                 3
186                                                                 3
187                             1                                   3
188                                                                 3
189                             1                                   3
190                             3                                   3
191                             3                                   3
192                                                                 3
193                                                                 3
194        1                                                        3
195                                                                 3
196                             2                    1              3
197                             3                                   3
198                                                                 3
199                             3                                   3
200                             1                    1              3
201                                    3                            3
202                             1      2                            3
203                                                                 3
204                             2                    1              3
205                                                                 3
206                                                                 3
207                             2                                   3
208                             1                    1              3
209                                                                 3
210                             1                    1              3
211                                                                 3
212                             2                                   2
213                                                                 2
214                                                                 2
215                                                                 2
216                                                                 2
217                                                                 2
218                                                                 2
219                                                                 2
220                                                                 2
221                             2                                   2
222                             2                                   2
223                                                                 2
224                                                                 2
225                                    1                            2
226                                                                 2
227                                                                 2
228                                           1                     2
229                                                                 2
230                                                                 2
231                                                                 2
232                                                                 2
233                                           1                     2
234                                                                 2
235                                                                 2
236                             2                                   2
237                                                                 2
238                             1                                   2
239                             1                                   2
240                                                                 2
241                                                                 2
242                                                                 2
243                                                                 2
244                                                                 2
245                    1                                            2
246                                    2                            2
247                                                                 2
248                                                                 2
249                                                                 2
250                                                                 2
251                             1                                   2
252                                                          1      2
253                                                                 2
254                                                                 2
255                                                                 2
256                                                                 2
257                                                                 2
258                                                                 2
259                                                                 2
260                             1                                   2
261                             2                                   2
262                                                                 2
263                                                                 2
264                                                                 2
265                                                                 2
266                                                                 2
267                             2                                   2
268                                    1                            2
269                                                                 2
270                             1                                   2
271                                                                 2
272                                                                 2
273                                                                 2
274                                                                 2
275                                                                 2
276                                                                 2
277                             1                                   2
278                                                                 2
279                             1                                   2
280                                                                 2
281                             2                                   2
282                             2                                   2
283                                                                 2
284                             1                                   2
285                                                                 2
286                                    1                            2
287                                                                 2
288                                                                 2
289                             1                                   2
290                                                                 2
291                             1                    1              2
292                                                                 2
293                                                                 2
294                                                                 2
295                                    1                            2
296                                    1                            2
297                                                                 2
298                             1                                   2
299        1                                                        1
300                             1                                   1
301                             1                                   1
302                             1                                   1
303                             1                                   1
304                             1                                   1
305                             1                                   1
306                                           1                     1
307                                                                 1
308                                                                 1
309                                                                 1
310                                                                 1
311                                                                 1
312                                                                 1
313                                                                 1
314                                                                 1
315                                                                 1
316                                                                 1
317                                                                 1
318                                                                 1
319                                                                 1
320                                                                 1
321                                                                 1
322                                                                 1
323                                                                 1
324                                                                 1
325                                                                 1
326                                                                 1
327                                                                 1
328                                                                 1
329                                                                 1
330                                                                 1
331                                                                 1
332                                                                 1
333                                                                 1
334                                                                 1
335                                                                 1
336                                                                 1
337                                                                 1
338                             1                                   1
339                                    1                            1
340                             1                                   1
341                             1                                   1
342                             1                                   1
343                                    1                            1
344                             1                                   1
345                                                                 1
346                                                                 1
347                             1                                   1
348                             1                                   1
349                                                                 1
350                                                                 1
351                                                                 1
352                             1                                   1
353                             1                                   1
354                             1                                   1
355                                                                 1
356                                                                 1
357                                                                 1
358                             1                                   1
359                                                                 1
360                                                                 1
361                                                                 1
362                                                                 1
363                                                                 1
364                             1                                   1
365                             1                                   1
366                             1                                   1
367                                                                 1
368                                                                 1
369        1                                                        1
370                                                                 1
371                                                                 1
372                                                                 1
373        1                                                        1
374                                                                 1
375                                                                 1
376                                                                 1
377                                                                 1
378                                                                 1
379                                                                 1
380                                                                 1
381                                                                 1
382                             1                                   1
383                                                                 1
384                                                                 1
385                                                                 1
386                                                                 1
387                             1                                   1
388                                    1                            1
389                             1                                   1
390                                                                 1
391                                                                 1
392                                                                 1
393                                                                 1
394                                                                 1
395                                                                 1
396                                                                 1
397                                                                 1
398                                                                 1
399                                                                 1
400                                                                 1
401                                                                 1
402                                                                 1
403                                                                 1
404                                                                 1
405                                                                 1
406                                                                 1
407                                                                 1
408                                                                 1
409                                                                 1
410                                                                 1
411                             1                                   1
412                                                                 1
413                                                                 1
414                                                                 1
415                             1                                   1
416                                                                 1
417                             1                                   1
418                             1                                   1
419                                                                 1
420                                                                 1
421                             1                                   1
422                                                                 1
423                             1                                   1
424                                                                 1
425                                                                 1
426                                                                 1
427                                                                 1
428                             1                                   1
429                                                                 1
430                                                                 1
431                             1                                   1
432                             1                                   1
433                                                                 1
434                                    1                            1
435                                    1                            1
436                                                                 1
437                                                                 1
438                                                                 1
439                                    1                            1
440                             1                                   1
441                                                          1      1
442                                                          1      1
443                                                                 1
444                                                                 1
445                                                                 1
446                                                                 1
447                                                                 1
448                                                          1      1
449                                                                 1
450                                                  1              1
451                                                                 1
452                                                                 1
453                                                                 1
454                                                                 1
455                                                                 1
456                                                                 1
457                                                                 1
458                                    1                            1
459                                                                 1
460                                                                 1
461        1                                                        1
462                                    1                            1
463                             1                                   1
464                                    1                            1
465                                                                 1
466                                                                 1
467                                                                 1
468                                                                 1
469                                                                 1
470                             1                                   1
471                                                          1      1
472                             1                                   1
473                             1                                   1
474                             1                                   1
475                                                                 1
476                             1                                   1
477                                                                 1
478                                                                 1
479                             1                                   1
480                                                                 1
481                                                                 1
482                                                                 1
483                             1                                   1
484                                                                 1
485                             1                                   1
486                             1                                   1
487                                                                 1
488                                                                 1
489                                                                 1
490                                                                 1
491                                                                 1
492                                                                 1
493                                                                 1
494                                                                 1
495                                    1                            1
496                                                                 1
497                                                                 1
498                             1                                   1
499                                                                 1
500                                                                 1
501                             1                                   1
502                                                                 1
503                                                                 1
504                                                                 1
505                                                                 1
506                             1                                   1
507                                                                 1
508                                                                 1
509                                                                 1
510                                                                 1
511                                                                 1
512                                                                 1
513                                                                 1
514                                                                 1
515                                                                 1
516                             1                                   1
517                                                                 1
518                                                                 1
519                             1                                   1
520                                                                 1
521                                                                 1
522                             1                                   1
523                                                                 1
524                             1                                   1
525                                                                 1
526                                                                 1
527                                                                 1
528                                                                 1
529                                                                 1
530                                                                 1
531                                                  1              1
532                                                                 1
533                                                  1              1
534                             1                                   1
535                                                  1              1
536                                                                 1
537                                                                 1
538                                                                 1
539                                                                 1
540                                                  1              1
541                                                                 1
542                                                                 1
543                                                                 1
544                             1                                   1
545                                                                 1
546                                                                 1
547                                                                 1
548                                                                 1
          48          34       527     66     59     39     54     3297
          1.5         1.0      16.0   2.0    1.8    1.2     1.6

Sr.      CF       %      C. Period
No.

 1      766     23.23     1966-07
 2      1164    12.07     1984-07
 3      1207     1.31     1990-05
 4      1249     1.27     1988-05
 5      1287     1.15     1996-07
 6      1322     1.06     1987-06
 7      1353     0.94     1994-07
 8      1380     0.82     1985-96
 9      1404     0.73     1992-02
 10     1428     0.73     1997-07
 11     1450     0.67     1976-04
 12     1472     0.67     1976-91
 13     1494     0.67     1988-91
 14     1515     0.64     2003-06
 15     1535     0.61     1984-07
 16     1555     0.61     1997-06
 17     1574     0.58     1980-87
 18     1593     0.58     1998-06
 19     1612     0.58     2002-07
 20     1629     0.52     1984-96
 21     1645     0.49     1983-89
 22     1661     0.49     1988-95
 23     1677     0.49     1999-06
 24     1693     0.49     2003-07
 25     1708     0.46     1972-98
 26     1723     0.46     1983-96
 27     1738     0.46     1984-05
 28     1753     0.46     1984-06
 29     1768     0.46     1997-06
 30     1782     0.43     1984-96
 31     1796     0.43     1987-95
 32     1810     0.43     1991-02
 33     1824     0.43     2003-06
 34     1837     0.39     1985-91
 35     1850     0.39     1991-07
 36     1862     0.36     1977-97
 37     1874     0.36     1980-02
 38     1886     0.36     1987-95
 39     1898     0.36     1989-95
 40     1910     0.36     2002-03
 41     1922     0.36     2002-06
 42     1934     0.36     2003-06
 43     1945     0.33     1976-85
 44     1956     0.33     1982-88
 45     1967     0.33     1989-95
 46     1978     0.33     1989-95
 47     1989     0.33     1990-06
 48     2000     0.33     1991-05
 49     2010     0.3      1982-88
 50     2020     0.3      1983-90
 51     2030     0.3      1988-92
 52     2040     0.3      1988-98
 53     2050     0.3      1990-02
 54     2060     0.3      1990-02
 55     2070     0.3      1992-06
 56     2080     0.3      1993-03
 57     2090     0.3      1994-01
 58     2100     0.3      2002-06
 59     2109     0.27     1976-81
 60     2118     0.27     1976-93
 61     2127     0.27     1977-96
 62     2136     0.27     1987-94
 63     2145     0.27     1989-06
 64     2154     0.27     1991-02
 65     2163     0.27     1991-05
 66     2172     0.27     1997-06
 67     2181     0.27     2003-06
 68     2190     0.27     2003-07
 69     2198     0.24     1977-88
 70     2206     0.24     1977-96
 71     2214     0.24     1982-84
 72     2222     0.24     1982-96
 73     2230     0.24     1983-86
 74     2238     0.24     1989-94
 75     2246     0.24     1990-05
 76     2254     0.24     1995-06
 77     2262     0.24     1995-99
 78     2270     0.24     2000-05
 79     2278     0.24     2002-05
 80     2286     0.24     2004-06
 81     2293     0.21     1982-87
 82     2300     0.21     1990-05
 83     2307     0.21     1990-06
 84     2314     0.21     1995-05
 85     2321     0.21     1997-07
 86     2328     0.21     1997-99
 87     2335     0.21     1998-06
 88     2342     0.21     1998-99
 89     2349     0.21     1999-03
 90     2356     0.21     2000-04
 91     2363     0.21     2001-04
 92     2370     0.21     2001-06
 93     2377     0.21     2002- 05
 94     2384     0.21     2003-07
 95     2391     0.21     2004-07
 96     2397     0.18     1966-80
 97     2403     0.18     1983-89
 98     2409     0.18     1984-95
 99     2415     0.18     1987-90
100     2421     0.18     1987-91
101     2427     0.18     1987-91
102     2433     0.18     1988-92
103     2439     0.18     1990-05
104     2445     0.18     1991-95
105     2451     0.18     1998-02
106     2457     0.18     1998-06
107     2463     0.18     2000-04
108     2469     0.18     2000-05
109     2475     0.18     2001-01
110     2481     0.18     2001-04
111     2487     0.18     2001-04
112     2493     0.18     2001-04
113     2499     0.18     2002-04
114     2505     0.18     2002-04
115     2511     0.18     2002-04
116     2517     0.18     2003-03
117     2523     0.18     2003-05
118     2529     0.18     2004-05
119     2535     0.18     2004-06
120     2541     0.18     2004-06
121     2547     0.18     2004-07
122     2552     0.15     1982-88
123     2557     0.15     1983-86
124     2562     0.15     1989-00
125     2567     0.15     1989-89
126     2572     0.15     1990-03
127     2577     0.15     1990-95
128     2582     0.15     1991-95
129     2587     0.15     1992-97
130     2592     0.15     1994-02
131     2597     0.15     2002-04
132     2602     0.15     2002-04
133     2607     0.15     2002-04
134     2612     0.15     2003-05
135     2617     0.15     2003-07
136     2621     0.12     1983-93
137     2625     0.12     1985-00
138     2629     0.12     1986-96
139     2633     0.12     1988-91
140     2637     0.12     1988-91
141     2641     0.12     1988-91
142     2645     0.12     1988-91
143     2649     0.12     1988-95
144     2653     0.12     1989-91
145     2657     0.12     1989-95
146     2661     0.12     1991-97
147     2665     0.12     1992-00
148     2669     0.12     1993-96
149     2673     0.12     1993-97
150     2677     0.12     1995-06
151     2681     0.12     1995-99
152     2685     0.12     1997-04
153     2689     0.12     1998-00
154     2693     0.12     1998-06
155     2697     0.12     2000-02
156     2701     0.12     2001-06
157     2705     0.12     2002- 06
158     2709     0.12     2002-04
159     2713     0.12     2002-06
160     2717     0.12     2003-04
161     2721     0.12     2004-04
162     2725     0.12     2004-07
163     2729     0.12     2005-06
164     2732     0.09     1973-84
165     2735     0.09     1980-83
166     2738     0.09     1982-84
167     2741     0.09     1983-84
168     2744     0.09     1984-85
169     2747     0.09     1986-86
170     2750     0.09     1988-90
171     2753     0.09     1988-91
172     2756     0.09     1990-97
173     2759     0.09     1990-98
174     2762     0.09     1994-97
175     2765     0.09     1994-97
176     2768     0.09     1997-00
177     2771     0.09     1997-97
178     2774     0.09     1998-00
179     2777     0.09     1998-00
180     2780     0.09     1998-01
181     2783     0.09     1998-03
182     2786     0.09     1998-03
183     2789     0.09     1998-05
184     2792     0.09     2000-00
185     2795     0.09     2000-03
186     2798     0.09     2000-06
187     2801     0.09     2001-03
188     2804     0.09     2001-04
189     2807     0.09     2002-02
190     2810     0.09     2002-04
191     2813     0.09     2002-05
192     2816     0.09     2002-06
193     2819     0.09     2003-03
194     2822     0.09     2003-04
195     2825     0.09     2003-06
196     2828     0.09     2003-06
197     2831     0.09     2004-04
198     2834     0.09     2004-04
199     2837     0.09     2004-05
200     2840     0.09     2004-06
201     2843     0.09     2004-06
202     2846     0.09     2004-06
203     2849     0.09     2004-06
204     2852     0.09     2004-06
205     2855     0.09     2004-07
206     2858     0.09     2004-07
207     2861     0.09     2004-07
208     2864     0.09     2005-05
209     2867     0.09     2005-05
210     2870     0.09     2005-05
211     2873     0.09     2005-05
212     2875     0.06     1966-80
213     2877     0.06     1980-83
214     2879     0.06     1982-84
215     2881     0.06     1982-84
216     2883     0.06     1983-84
217     2885     0.06     1983-84
218     2887     0.06     1984-86
219     2889     0.06     1985-86
220     2891     0.06     1985-87
221     2893     0.06     1986-87
222     2895     0.06     1986-87
223     2897     0.06     1987-87
224     2899     0.06     1987-88
225     2901     0.06     1988-03
226     2903     0.06     1988-88
227     2905     0.06     1988-88
228     2907     0.06     1988-88
229     2909     0.06     1988-89
230     2911     0.06     1988-89
231     2913     0.06     1988-89
232     2915     0.06     1988-92
233     2917     0.06     1988-93
234     2919     0.06     1988-97
235     2921     0.06     1989-90
236     2923     0.06     1990-91
237     2925     0.06     1993-95
238     2927     0.06     1994-94
239     2929     0.06     1994-95
240     2931     0.06     1994-97
241     2933     0.06     1994-97
242     2935     0.06     1995-05
243     2937     0.06     1995-95
244     2939     0.06     1995-95
245     2941     0.06     1995-95
246     2943     0.06     1995-96
247     2945     0.06     1995-97
248     2947     0.06     1996-02
249     2949     0.06     1996-04
250     2951     0.06     1996-04
251     2953     0.06     1997-02
252     2955     0.06     1997-02
253     2957     0.06     1997-97
254     2959     0.06     1997-97
255     2961     0.06     1998-98
256     2963     0.06     1998-99
257     2965     0.06     1998-99
258     2967     0.06     1998-99
259     2969     0.06     1998-99
260     2971     0.06     1999-00
261     2973     0.06     2000-00
262     2975     0.06     2000-00
263     2977     0.06     2000-00
264     2979     0.06     2000-00
265     2981     0.06     2000-01
266     2983     0.06     2000-01
267     2985     0.06     2000-03
268     2987     0.06     2000-03
269     2989     0.06     2000-03
270     2991     0.06     2000-06
271     2993     0.06     2001-02
272     2995     0.06     2001-02
273     2997     0.06     2001-03
274     2999     0.06     2001-04
275     3001     0.06     2001-06
276     3003     0.06     2002-02
277     3005     0.06     2002-03
278     3007     0.06     2003-03
279     3009     0.06     2003-03
280     3011     0.06     2003-05
281     3013     0.06     2004-04
282     3015     0.06     2004-04
283     3017     0.06     2004-05
284     3019     0.06     2005-05
285     3021     0.06     2005-05
286     3023     0.06     2005-05
287     3025     0.06     2005-05
288     3027     0.06     2005-06
289     3029     0.06     2005-06
290     3031     0.06     2005-06
291     3033     0.06     2005-06
292     3035     0.06     2005-06
293     3037     0.06     2005-06
294     3039     0.06     2005-06
295     3041     0.06     2005-07
296     3043     0.06     2005-07
297     3045     0.06     2006-06
298     3047     0.06     2006-06
299     3048     0.03     1972-72
300     3049     0.03     1972-72
301     3050     0.03     1972-72
302     3051     0.03     1974-74
303     3052     0.03     1977-77
304     3053     0.03     1977-77
305     3054     0.03     1977-77
306     3055     0.03     1983-83
307     3056     0.03     1984-84
308     3057     0.03     1984-84
309     3058     0.03     1985-85
310     3059     0.03     1985-85
311     3060     0.03     1987-87
312     3061     0.03     1987-87
313     3062     0.03     1987-87
314     3063     0.03     1987-87
315     3064     0.03     1987-87
316     3065     0.03     1987-87
317     3066     0.03     1988-88
318     3067     0.03     1988-88
319     3068     0.03     1988-88
320     3069     0.03     1988-88
321     3070     0.03     1988-88
322     3071     0.03     1988-88
323     3072     0.03     1988-88
324     3073     0.03     1988-88
325     3074     0.03     1988-88
326     3075     0.03     1988-88
327     3076     0.03     1988-88
328     3077     0.03     1988-88
329     3078     0.03     1989-89
330     3079     0.03     1989-89
331     3080     0.03     1989-89
332     3081     0.03     1989-89
333     3082     0.03     1989-89
334     3083     0.03     1989-89
335     3084     0.03     1990-90
336     3085     0.03     1990-90
337     3086     0.03     1990-90
338     3087     0.03     1991-91
339     3088     0.03     1991-91
340     3089     0.03     1991-91
341     3090     0.03     1991-91
342     3091     0.03     1991-91
343     3092     0.03     1991-91
344     3093     0.03     1991-91
345     3094     0.03     1991-91
346     3095     0.03     1991-91
347     3096     0.03     1991-91
348     3097     0.03     1992-92
349     3098     0.03     1992-92
350     3099     0.03     1992-92
351     3100     0.03     1992-92
352     3101     0.03     1992-92
353     3102     0.03     1992-92
354     3103     0.03     1992-92
355     3104     0.03     1992-92
356     3105     0.03     1993-93
357     3106     0.03     1993-93
358     3107     0.03     1994-94
359     3108     0.03     1994-94
360     3109     0.03     1994-94
361     3110     0.03     1994-94
362     3111     0.03     1994-94
363     3112     0.03     1994-94
364     3113     0.03     1994-94
365     3114     0.03     1994-94
366     3115     0.03     1994-94
367     3116     0.03     1994-95
368     3117     0.03     1995-95
369     3118     0.03     1995-95
370     3119     0.03     1995-95
371     3120     0.03     1995-95
372     3121     0.03     1995-95
373     3122     0.03     1995-95
374     3123     0.03     1995-95
375     3124     0.03     1995-95
376     3125     0.03     1995-95
377     3126     0.03     1995-95
378     3127     0.03     1995-95
379     3128     0.03     1995-95
380     3129     0.03     1995-95
381     3130     0.03     1995-95
382     3131     0.03     1995-95
383     3132     0.03     1995-95
384     3133     0.03     1995-95
385     3134     0.03     1995-95
386     3135     0.03     1995-95
387     3136     0.03     1996-96
388     3137     0.03     1996-96
389     3138     0.03     1996-96
390     3139     0.03     1997-97
391     3140     0.03     1997-97
392     3141     0.03     1997-97
393     3142     0.03     1997-97
394     3143     0.03     1997-97
395     3144     0.03     1997-97
396     3145     0.03     1997-97
397     3146     0.03     1997-97
398     3147     0.03     1997-97
399     3148     0.03     1997-97
400     3149     0.03     1998-98
401     3150     0.03     1998-98
402     3151     0.03     1998-98
403     3152     0.03     1998-98
404     3153     0.03     1998-98
405     3154     0.03     1998-98
406     3155     0.03     1998-98
407     3156     0.03     1998-98
408     3157     0.03     1998-98
409     3158     0.03     1998-98
410     3159     0.03     1999-99
411     3160     0.03     1999-99
412     3161     0.03     1999-99
413     3162     0.03     1999-99
414     3163     0.03     1999-99
415     3164     0.03     1999-99
416     3165     0.03     1999-99
417     3166     0.03     1999-99
418     3167     0.03     2000-00
419     3168     0.03     2000-00
420     3169     0.03     2000-00
421     3170     0.03     2000-00
422     3171     0.03     2000-00
423     3172     0.03     2000-00
424     3173     0.03     2000-00
425     3174     0.03     2000-00
426     3175     0.03     2000-00
427     3176     0.03     2000-00
428     3177     0.03     2000-00
429     3178     0.03     2000-00
430     3179     0.03     2000-00
431     3180     0.03     2000-00
432     3181     0.03     2000-00
433     3182     0.03     2000-00
434     3183     0.03     2001-01
435     3184     0.03     2001-01
436     3185     0.03     2001-01
437     3186     0.03     2001-01
438     3187     0.03     2001-01
439     3188     0.03     2001-01
440     3189     0.03     2001-01
441     3190     0.03     2002-02
442     3191     0.03     2002-02
443     3192     0.03     2002-02
444     3193     0.03     2002-02
445     3194     0.03     2002-02
446     3195     0.03     2002-02
447     3196     0.03     2002-02
448     3197     0.03     2002-02
449     3198     0.03     2002-02
450     3199     0.03     2003-03
451     3200     0.03     2003-03
452     3201     0.03     2003-03
453     3202     0.03     2003-03
454     3203     0.03     2003-03
455     3204     0.03     2003-03
456     3205     0.03     2003-03
457     3206     0.03     2003-03
458     3207     0.03     2003-03
459     3208     0.03     2003-03
460     3209     0.03     2003-03
461     3210     0.03     2003-03
462     3211     0.03     2003-03
463     3212     0.03     2003-03
464     3213     0.03     2003-03
465     3214     0.03     2003-03
466     3215     0.03     2003-03
467     3216     0.03     2003-03
468     3217     0.03     2004-04
469     3218     0.03     2004-04
470     3219     0.03     2004-04
471     3220     0.03     2004-04
472     3221     0.03     2004-04
473     3222     0.03     2004-04
474     3223     0.03     2004-04
475     3224     0.03     2004-04
476     3225     0.03     2004-04
477     3226     0.03     2004-04
478     3227     0.03     2004-04
479     3228     0.03     2004-04
480     3229     0.03     2004-04
481     3230     0.03     2004-04
482     3231     0.03     2004-04
483     3232     0.03     2004-04
484     3233     0.03     2004-04
485     3234     0.03     2004-04
486     3235     0.03     2005-05
487     3236     0.03     2005-05
488     3237     0.03     2005-05
489     3238     0.03     2005-05
490     3239     0.03     2005-05
491     3240     0.03     2005-05
492     3241     0.03     2005-05
493     3242     0.03     2005-05
494     3243     0.03     2005-05
495     3244     0.03     2005-05
496     3245     0.03     2005-05
497     3246     0.03     2005-05
498     3247     0.03     2005-05
499     3248     0.03     2005-05
500     3249     0.03     2005-05
501     3250     0.03     2005-05
502     3251     0.03     2005-05
503     3252     0.03     2005-05
504     3253     0.03     2005-05
505     3254     0.03     2005-05
506     3255     0.03     2005-05
507     3256     0.03     2005-05
508     3257     0.03     2005-05
509     3258     0.03     2005-05
510     3259     0.03     2005-05
511     3260     0.03     2005-05
512     3261     0.03     2005-05
513     3262     0.03     2005-05
514     3263     0.03     2005-05
515     3264     0.03     2005-05
516     3265     0.03     2005-05
517     3266     0.03     2005-05
518     3267     0.03     2005-05
519     3268     0.03     2005-05
520     3269     0.03     2005-05
521     3270     0.03     2005-05
522     3271     0.03     2005-05
523     3272     0.03     2006-06
524     3273     0.03     2006-06
525     3274     0.03     2006-06
526     3275     0.03     2006-06
527     3276     0.03     2006-06
528     3277     0.03     2006-06
529     3278     0.03     2006-06
530     3279     0.03     2006-06
531     3280     0.03     2006-06
532     3281     0.03     2006-06
533     3282     0.03     2006-06
534     3283     0.03     2006-06
535     3284     0.03     2006-06
536     3285     0.03     2006-06
537     3286     0.03     2006-06
538     3287     0.03     2006-06
539     3288     0.03     2006-06
540     3289     0.03     2006-06
541     3290     0.03     2006-06
542     3291     0.03     2006-06
543     3292     0.03     2006-06
544     3293     0.03     2006-06
545     3294     0.03     2006-06
546     3295     0.03     2007-07
547     3296     0.03     2007-07
548     3297     0.03     2007-07

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Manzoor Ahmad Khan Anjum *

Dr. Munir Ahmad **

* Libraian, National Library of Engineering Sciences (NLES), University of Engineering & Technology (UET), GT Road, Lahore

** Rector, National College of Busines Administration & Economics (NCBA&E), Gulberg, Lahore

Table -1 Year-wise Productivity

 S.    Year    Number     CP      %     Single-       %
No.            of Pub                    author

 1      196       1         1    .13       0          0
 2      196       2         3    .26       0          0
 3      196       1         4    .13       0          0
 4      196       1         5    .13       1        0.13
 5      197       3         8    .39       1        0.13
 6      197       5        13    .65       3        0.39
 7      197       3        16    .39       0          0
 8      197       3        19    .39       0          0
 9      197       4        23    .52       0          0
 10     197      10        33    1.3       2         0.2
 11     197       6        39    .78       3        0.39
 12     197       2        41    .26       1        0.13
 13     197       6        47    .78       3        0.39
 14     198       7        54    .91       1        0.13
 15     198       5        59    .65       2         0.2
 16     198      11        70    1.4       0          0
 17     198      17        87    2.2       1        0.13
 18     198      31        118   4.0       3        0.39
 19     198      18        13    2.3       2         0.2
 20     198      27        163   3.5       3        0.39
 21     198      27        19    3.5       3        0.39
 22     198      39         22   5.0       5        0.65
 23     198      28         25   3.6       7         0.9
 24     199      23        28    3.0       4        0.52
 25     199      32        312   4.1       2         0.2
 26     199      25        33    3.2       4        0.52
 27     199      11        348   1.4       2        0.20
 28     199      22        37    2.8       3        0.39
 29     199      34        40    4.4       4        0.52
 30     199      14        41    1.8       1        0.13
 31     199      25        44    3.2       0          0
 32     199      33        47    4.3       0          0
 33     199      21        49    2.7       2         0.2
 34     200      20        51    2.6       3        0.39
 35     200      20         53   2.6       2         0.2
 36     200      37        57    4.8       4        0.52
 37     200      38        612   4.9       1        0.13
 38     200      41        65    5.3       1        0.13
 39     200      67         72   8.7       4        0.52
 40     200      34         75   4.4       3        0.39
 41     2007     12        76    1.5       1        0.13
       Total     766              100      83       10.8

 S.     Multi-      %     Productive
No.     author                 A

 1        1        0.13       1
 2        2         0.2       2
 3        1        0.13       3
 4        0          0        4
 5        2         0.2       6
 6        2         0.2       7
 7        3        0.39       8
 8        3        0.39       9
 9        4        0.52       10
 10       8        1.05       11
 11       3        0.39       12
 12       1        0.13       13
 13       3        0.39       14
 14       6        0.78       15
 15       3        0.39       16
 16       11       1.44       17
 17       16       2.09       18
 18       28        3.6       19
 19       16       2.09       20
 20       24      3.13        21
 21       24      3.13        22
 22       34       4.44       23
 23       21       2.74       24
 24       19       2.48       25
 25       30       3.92       26
 26       21       2.74       27
 27       9         1.1       28
 28       19       2.48       29
 29       30       3.92       30
 30       13       1.7        31
 31       25        3.2       32
 32       33       4.3        33
 33       19       2.48       34
 34       17       2.22       35
 35       18       2.35       36
 36       33       4.3        37
 37       37      4.83        38
 38       40       5.22       39
 39       63       8.22       40
 40       31       4.05       41
 41       11      1.44        42
         683      89.1

* In the press or submitted for publication

Table 2--Quinquennium-wise Productivity

  Q     Period    Number of    CP      %       Single-    CP      %
                   Pubs. (F                   authored

  I     1966-7        5         5     .65         2        2     0.26
 II     1971-7        18       23     2.35        4        6     0.52
 iii    1976-8        31       54     4.05       10       16     1.31
 IV     1981-8        82       13     10.7        8       24     1.04
  V     1986-9       144       28     18.8       22       46     2.87
 VI     1991-9       124       40    16.19       15       61     1.96
 VII    1996-0       113       51    14.75        6       67     0.78
VIII    2001-0       203       72     26.5       12       79     1.57
 IX     2006-0        46       76     6.00        4       83     0.52
                     766              100        83              10.8

  Q      Multi-     CP      %
        authored

  I         3        3     0.39
 II        14       17     1.83
 iii       21       38     2.74
 IV        74       11     9.66
  V        122      23     15.9
 VI        109      34     14.2
 VII       107      45     13.9
VIII       191      64     24.9
 IX        42       68     5.48
                           89.1

Q = Quinquennium

Table-3 provides detail of domain-wise authorship pattern, number of
publications and authorships in each domain of 766 publications as:

NP                  Natural Products
  [NP.sub.syn]      Natural Products--Synthesis
  [NP.sub.iso]      Natural Products -Isolation
  [NP.sub.x-ray]    Natural Products--X-Rays
  [NP.sub.nmr]      Natural Products--NMR
SY                  Synthesis
SP                  Spectroscopy
AC                  Analytical Chemistry
MC                  Medicinal Chemistry
Misc.               Encyclopedias, Handbooks, Directories, General
                    topics, etc.

Table -3 Domain-wise Productivity

                                           Domains
   Papers
                NP    [NP.sub.   [NP.sub.   [NP.sub.   [NP.sub.    SY
                        syn]       iso]      x-ray]      nmr]

1-authored      28          9         13                     2     16
2-authored      18                    39          1          4     39
3-authored      11                    47                     3     18
4-authored       7                    71          1                14
5-authored       6                    85          2          1     10
6-authored      13                    77          4          3     11
7-authored       4                    52          1          1      7
8-authored       3                    19                            4
9-authored                            12                            6
10-authored                            5                            6
11-authored                            1                            1
13-authored                            1
21-authored                            1
Total            90         9        423          9         14     132
Percentage     11.        1.2       55.2        1.2        1.8    17.

NP = Natural Product             MC=Medicinal Chemistry
[NP.sub.syn], [NP.sub.iso],      AC= Analytical Chemistry
[NP.sub.x-ray], [NP.sub.nmr]

                                      Domains
   Papers
                MC      SP      AC      Mis     Tot      %

1-authored        6       4       2       3      83    10.83
2-authored        5       8       1      22      13    17.89
3-authored        3      10               3      95     12.4
4-authored        6       1                      10    13.05
5-authored        2       3       1              11    14.36
6-authored                        2       2      11    14.62
7-authored        1       1       1              68     8.88
8-authored                                       26     3.39
9-authored                                       18     2.35
10-authored       1                              12     1.57
11-authored                       1               3      .39
13-authored                                       1      .13
21-authored                                       1      .13
Total            24      27       8      30      76
Percentage      3.1     3.5     1.1     3.9              100

               Misc.=Reference         SP=Spectroscopy
               General Books           SY= Synthesis

Table--4a Collaborativeships

Type of           Number of       %      Author      CF       %
Productivity    Contribution              ships
                     (Y)                  F=X*Y

1-authored           83         10.83      83        83      2.52
2- authored          137        17.89      274      357      8.31
3-authored           95          12.4      285      642      8.65
4-authored           100         13.0      400      1042    12.13
5-authored           110         14.3      550      1592    16.68
6-authored           112        14.62      672      2264    20.38
7-authored           68          8.88      476      2740    14.44
8-authored           26          3.39      208      2948     6.31
9-authored           18          2.35      162      3110     4.91
10-authored          12          1.57      120      3230     3.64
11-authored           3          0.39      33       3263     1.00
13-authored           1          0.13      13       3276     0.39
21-authored           1          0.13      21       3297     0.64
    Total            766         100      3297               100

Type of         Collabora-     CF       %
Productivity     tiveship

1-authored          0
2- authored        274        274      8.53
3-authored         285        559      8.87
4-authored         400        959     12.45
5-authored         550        1509     17.1
6-authored         672        2181     20.9
7-authored         476        2657     14.8
8-authored         208        2865     6.47
9-authored         162        3027     5.04
10-authored        120        3147     3.73
11-authored         33        3180     1.03
13-authored         13        3193     0.4
21-authored         21        3214     0.65
    Total          3214                100

Table -4b Collaborativeships

            Number of        Number of            Total
S. No.    Collaborators    Collaboration    Collaborativeship
               (X)              (Y)               X*Y= F

   1           250               1                 250
   2            87               2                 174
   3            48               3                 144
   4            28               4                 112
   5            14               5                  70
   6            26               6                 156
   7            15               7                 105
   8            12               8                  96
   9            10               9                  90
  10            10               10                100
  11            6                11                 66
  12            7                12                 84
  13            2                13                 26
  14            4                14                 56
  15            5                15                 75
  16            4                16                 64
  17            1                17                 17
  18            3                19                 57
  19            2                20                 40
  20            1                21                 21
  21            3                22                 66
  22            2                24                 48
  23            1                27                 27
  24            1                31                 31
  25            1                35                 35
  26            1                38                 38
  27            1                42                 42
  28            1                43                 43
  29            1               398                398

S. No.      CF       %

   1       250      9.88
   2       424      6.87
   3       568      5.69
   4       680      4.43
   5       750      2.77
   6       906      6.16
   7       1011     4.15
   8       1107     3.79
   9       1197     3.56
  10       1297     3.95
  11       1363     2.61
  12       1447     3.32
  13       1473     1.03
  14       1529     2.21
  15       1604     2.96
  16       1668     2.53
  17       1685     0.67
  18       1742     2.25
  19       1782     1.58
  20       1803     0.83
  21       1869     2.61
  22       1917     1.9
  23       1944     1.07
  24       1975     1.23
  25       2010     1.38
  26       2048     1.5
  27       2090     1.66
  28       2133     1.7
  29       2531    15.73

Table-4c Year-wise Collaborativeships

S. No.     Year     Collaborativeship      CF       %
                           (F)

1          196              2               2     0.08
2          196              2               4     0.08
3          196              1               5     0.04
4          196              0               5       0
5          197              2               7     0.08
6          197              3              10     0.12
7          197              6              16     0.24
8          197              5              21      0.2
9          197              7              28     0.28
10         197              16             44     0.63
11         197              9              53     0.36
12         197              2              55     0.08
13         197              5              60      0.2
14         198              11             71     0.44
15         198              3              74     0.12
16         198              27             101    1.07
17         198              30             131    1.19
18         198              66             197    2.61
19         198              38             235     1.5
20         198              47             282    1.86
21         198              66             348    2.61
22         1988             99             447    3.91
23         1989             66             513    2.61
24         1990             71             584    2.81
25         1991            119             703     4.7
26         1992             64             767    2.53
27         1993             32             799     1.2
28         1994             76             875    3.00
29         1995            110             985    4.35
30         1996             32             101     1.2
31         1997             85             110     3.3
32         1998            119             122     4.7
33         1999             71             129    2.81
34         2000             82             137    3.24
35         2001             97             147    3.83
36         2002            143             161    5.65
37         2003            185             179    7.31
38         2004            207             200    8.18
39         2005            318             232    12.5
40         2006            160             248    6.32
41         Sub              47             253    1.86
          Total                            253

Table -4d Quinquennium-wise Collaborativeships

Quinquennium     Period    Collaborativeships     CF       %
                                   (F)

      I         1966-70             5              5      0.2
     II         1971-75            23             28      0.91
     III        1976-80            43             71      1.7
     IV         1981-85            164            235     6.48
      V         1986-90            349            584    13.79
     VI         1991-95            401            985    15.84
     VII        1996-00            389           1374    15.37
    VIII        2001-05            950           2324    37.53
     IX         2006-07            207           2531     8.18

Table-5 Mentor's Authorship Credibility

Authorship Position     Frequency (F)     CF      %

1st author                   444         444    57.96
2nd author                   74          518     9.66
3rd author                   41          559     5.35
4th author                   49          608     6.4
5th author                   55          663     7.18
6th author                   49          712     6.4
7th author                   26          738     3.39
8th author                   11          749     1.44
9th author                   12          761     1.57
10th author                   2          763     0.26
11th author                   3          766     0.39

Table-7 Year-wise Detail of New & Overlapping Collaborators

S. No.    Year     (F)       CF       %      (F-1)

  1       1966        2        2     0.08        2
  2       1967        2        4     0.08        0
  3       1968        1        5     0.04        0
  4       1969        0        5        0        0
  5       1971        2        7     0.08        0
  6       1972        3       10     0.12        2
  7       1973        6       16     0.24        3
  8       1974        5       21      0.2        1
  9       1975        7       28     0.28        0
  10      1976       16       44     0.63        5
  11      1977        9       53     0.36        7
  12      1978        2       55     0.08        0
  13      1979        5       60      0.2        0
  14      1980       11       71     0.44        4
  15      1981        3       74     0.12        0
  16      1982       27      101     1.07        9
  17      1983       30      131     1.19       11
  18      1984       66      197     2.61       11
  19      1985       38      235      1.5        7
  20      1986       47      282     1.86        4
  21      1987       66      348     2.61       15
  22      1988       99      447     3.91       35
  23      1989       66      513     2.61       16
  24      1990       71      584     2.81       16
  25      1991      119      703      4.7       18
  26      1992       64      767     2.53       12
  27      1993       32      799     1.26        6
  28      1994       76      875      3.00      19
  29      1995      110      985     4.35       30
  30      1996       32      1017    1.26        7
  31      1997       85     1102     3.36       23
  32      1998      119     1221      4.7       28
  33      1999       71     1292     2.81       11
  34      2000       82     1374     3.24       34
  35      2001       97     1471     3.83       21
  36      2002      143     1614     5.65       30
  37      2003      185     1799     7.31       37
  38      2004      207      2006    8.18       40
  39      2005      318     2324    12.5i       55
  40      2006      160     2484     6.32       25
  41      2007       47     2531     1.86        3
                   2531               100      547

S. No.     CF       %      (F-2)      CF       %

  1          2     0.08        0        0        0
  2          2        0        2        2     0.08
  3          2        0        1        3     0.04
  4          2        0        0        3        0
  5          2        0        2        5     0.08
  6          4     0.08        1        6     0.04
  7          7     0.12        3        9     0.12
  8          8     0.04        4       13     0.16
  9          8        0        7       20     0.28
  10        13      0.2       11       31     0.44
  11        20     0.28        2       33     0.08
  12        20        0        2       35     0.08
  13        20        0        5       40      0.2
  14        24     0.16        7       47     0.28
  15        24        0        3       50     0.12
  16        33     0.36       18       68     0.71
  17        44     0.44       19       87     0.75
  18        55     0.44       55      142     2.17
  19        62     0.28       31      173     1.23
  20        66     0.16       43      216      1.7
  21        81      0.6       51      267     2.02
  22       116     1.38       64      331     2.53
  23       132     0.63       50      381     1.98
  24       148     0.63       55      436     2.17
  25       166     0.71      101      537     3.99
  26       178     0.47       52      589     2.06
  27       184     0.24       26      615     1.03
  28       203     0.75       57      672     2.25
  29       233     1.19       80      752     3.16
  30       240     0.28       25      777     0.99
  31       263     0.91       62      839     2.45
  32       291     1.11       91      930      3.6
  33       302     0.44       60      990     2.37
  34       336     1.34       48     1038      1.9
  35       357     0.83       76     1114      3.0
  36       387     1.19      113      1227    4.47
  37       424     1.46      148     1375     5.85
  38       464     1.58      167     1542      6.6
  39       519     2.17      263     1805    10.39
  40       544     0.99      135      1940    5.33
  41       547     0.12       44     1984     1.74
                    21.6    1984             78.44

F = Total Collaboratorships, F-1 = New collaborators, F-2 =
Overlapping collaborators

Table-8 Quinquennium-wise detail of New & Overlapping Collaborators

Q      Period     (F)       CF       %      (F-1)

I      1966-7      5        5       0.2       2
II     1971-7      23       28      0.9       6
III    1976-8      43       71      1.7       16
IV     1981-8     164      235      6.5       38
V      1986-9     349      584      13.8      86
VI     1991-9     401      985      15.8      85
VI     1996-0     389      1374     15.4     103
VII    2001-0     950      2324     37.5     183
IX     2006-0     207      2531     8.2       28
                  2531              100

Q        CF       %      (F-2)      CF       %

I        2       0.08      3        3       0.12
II       8       0.24      17       20      0.67
III      24      0.63      27       47      1.07
IV       62      1.5      126      173      4.98
V       148      3.4      263      436     10.39
VI      233      3.36     316      752     12.49
VI      336      4.1      286      1038     11.3
VII     519      7.23     767      1805     30.3
IX      547      1.11     179      1984     7.07
                 21.6     1984             78.39

Q=Quinquennium, F=Collaboratorships, F-1= New collaborators, F-2=
Overlapping collaborators

Table 9-Channels of communication

S. No.       Channel of Communication        F        %        CF

   1              Photochemistry             93     12.14      93
   2       Elsevier Science Publishers       56      7.31     149
   3               J. Nat. Prod              56      7.31     205
   4              Planta Medica              48      6.27     253
   5               Heterocycles              35      4.57     288
   6            Nat. Prod. Letters           30      3.92     318
   7              Z. Naturforch              28      3.66     346
   8            J. Chem. Soc. Pak            27      3.53     373
   9               Acta Cryst.               21      2.74     394
  10            Chem. Pharm. Bull.           19      2.48     413
  11         Natural product research        17      2.22     430
  12             Tetrahedron Lett            17      2.22     447
  13               Fitoterapia               15      1.96     462
  14              Patent Offices             15      1.96     477
  15                 COMSTECH                14      1.84     491
  16       Bioorganic & Med. Chemistry       12      1.57     503
  17             Helv. Chim. Acta            12      1.57     515
  18         J. of Ethnopharmacology         12      1.57     527
  19               Tetrahedron               11      1.44     538
  20             Bentham Science             9       1.18     547
  21              Chem & biodver             9       1.18     556
  22             Elite Publishers            9       1.18     565
  23               J. Chem. Soc              9       1.17     574
  24         Pure & Applied Chemistry        9       1.18     583
  25            B.C.C. & T. Press            7       0.91     590
  26         Pak. J. Sci. Indus. Res.        7       0.91     597
  27             Springer Verlag             7       0.91     604
  28              Academic Press             6       0.78     610
  29         J. of Enzyme Inhibition         6       0.78     616
                 and Me Chemistry
  30          Phytotheraphy Research         6       0.78     622
  31         Hamdard Foundation Press        5       0.65     627
  32       Biochemical and Biophysical       4       0.52     631
                     Re Comm.
  33             Harwood Academic            4       0.52     635
  34       J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans.       4       0.52     639
  35       Letters in Organic Chemistry      4       0.52     643
  36              Nat. Prod. Rep             4       0.52     647
  37         Quaid-e-Azam University         4       0.52     651
  38          Shamim Printing Press          4       0.52     655
  39        Chem. of Natural Compounds       3       0.39     658
  40           Curr. Pharm. Design           3       0.39     661
  41            J. Am. Chem. Soc.            3       0.39     664
  42             Pak. J. Science             3       0.39     667
  43              Phytomedicine              3       0.39     670
  44                 Steroids                3       0.39     673
  45                Alken Inc                2       0.26     675
  46        Arzneim Forsch. Drug Res.        2       0.26     677
  47                Biochemica               2       0.26     679
  48       Chem. of Hetrocyclic Comps.       2       0.26     681
  49         Crystal Structure Comm.         2       0.26     683
  50        Current Organic Chemistry        2       0.26     685
  51               Experientia               2       0.26     687
  52              J. Org. Chem.              2       0.26     689
  53           Molecular Diversity           2       0.26     691
  54                  Nature                 2       0.26     693
  55             Organic Lettres             2       0.26     695
  56                  Plenum                 2       0.26     697
  57        Proc. Pak. Acad. Sciences        2       0.26     699
  58         Synthetic Communications        2       0.26     701
  59            Acta Agrobotanica            1       0.13     702
  60            Arch. Pharm. Res.            1       0.13     703
  61             Asian J. Androl             1       0.13     704
  62       Biochem. Soc. Trans.actions       1       0.13     705
  63       Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.      1       0.13     706
  64           Blackwell Scientific          1       0.13     707
  65         Bulgarian Academy of Sc.        1       0.13     708
  66          Carbohydrate research          1       0.13     709
  67             Chem. Nat. comp.            1       0.13     710
  68          Chemistry and Industry         1       0.13     711
  69           Chemistry in Britain          1       0.13     712
  70                Clarendon                1       0.13     713
  71            Cryst. Eng. Comm.            1       0.13     714
  72       Current Medicinal Chemistry       1       0.13     715
  73      Frontiers in Nat. Prod. Chem.      1       0.13     711
  74             Hamdard Medicus             1       0.13     717
  75              I. U. P. A. C              1       0.13     718
  76             Indian J. Chem.             1       0.13     719
  77      Ins. Union of Crystallography      1       0.13     720
  78              J. of Science              1       0.13     721
  79              J. Chem. Educ.             1       0.13     722
  80              J. Chem. Res.              1       0.13     723
  81                 J. FASEB                1       0.13     724
  82               J. Mol. Bio.              1       0.13     725
  83           J. Natn. Sci. Coun.           1       0.13     726
  84       J. of Inorganic Biochemistry      1       0.13     727
  85              J. Pharm. Med.             1       0.13     728
  86              J. Pharm. Sci.             1       0.13     729
  87             J. Pract. Chem.             1       0.13     730
  88          J. Science & Medicine          1       0.13     731
  89        Journal of Pharm. Society        1       0.13     732
  90       J. of Heterocyclic Chemitry       1       0.13     733
  91              Kluwer Plenum              1       0.13     734
  92          Letters in Drug Desing         1       0.13     735
                   & Discovery
  93            Magn. Reson. Chem.           1       0.13     736
  94           Molecular Immunology          1       0.13     737
  95          Munksgaard, Copenhagen         1       0.13     738
  96        N. Triter. Alkl. Cholines        1       0.13     739
  97           Neuroscience Letters          1       0.13     740
  98         New Trends in Nat Prod.         1       0.13     741
                    Chemistry
  99        Organic Mass Spectrometry        1       0.13     742
  100           Oxford University            1       0.13     743
  101          Pak. J. Anal. Chem.           1       0.13     744
  102       Pakistan J. of Hematology        1       0.13     745
  103          Pakistan Med. Jour.           1       0.13     746
  104               Print Arts               1       0.13     747
  105           Proc. ISBBP Symp.            1       0.13     748
                 Biochem. Biophys
  106        Recent Trends in Biomed.        1       0.13     749
                 Res. i Pakistan
  107       Royal Society of Chemistry       1       0.13     750
  108      Social and Natural Sciences       1       0.13     751
  109               Synthesis                1       0.13     752
  110             Turk. J. Chem.             1       0.13     753
  111               UGC Press                1       0.13     754
  112             Vanguard Books             1       0.13     755
  113            Yaulor & Farncis            1       0.13     756
  114           Name not mentioned           10      1.31     766
                                             76      100

S. No.     Loc       %      Foreig     %

   1                          93      12.1
   2                          56      7.31
   3                          56      7.31
   4                          48      6.27
   5                          35      4.57
   6                          30      3.92
   7                          28      3.66
   8        27      3.52
   9                          21      2.74
  10                          19      2.48
  11                          17      2.22
  12                          17      2.22
  13                          15      1.96
  14        10      1.31      5       0.65
  15        14      1.83
  16                          12      1.57
  17                          12      1.57
  18                          12      1.57
  19                          11      1.44
  20                          9       1.18
  21                          9       1.18
  22        9       1.18
  23                          9       1.17
  24                          9       1.18
  25        7       0.91
  26        7       0.91
  27                          7       0.91
  28                          6       0.78
  29                          6       0.78

  30                          6       0.78
  31        5       0.65
  32                          4       0.52

  33                          4       0.52
  34                          4       0.52
  35                          4       0.52
  36                          4       0.52
  37        4       0.52
  38        4       0.52
  39                          3       0.39
  40                          3       0.39
  41                          3       0.39
  42        3       0.39
  43                          3       0.39
  44                          3       0.39
  45                          2       0.26
  46                          2       0.26
  47                          2       0.26
  48                          2       0.26
  49                          2       0.26
  50                          2       0.26
  51                          2       0.26
  52                          2       0.26
  53                          2       0.26
  54                          2       0.26
  55                          2       0.26
  56                          2       0.26
  57        2       0.26
  58                          2       0.26
  59                          1       0.13
  60                          1       0.13
  61                          1       0.13
  62                          1       0.13
  63                          1       0.13
  64                          1       0.13
  65                          1       0.13
  66                          1       0.13
  67                          1       0.13
  68                          1       0.13
  69                          1       0.13
  70                          1       0.13
  71                          1       0.13
  72                          1       0.13
  73                          1       0.13
  74        1       0.13
  75                          1       0.13
  76                          1       0.13
  77                          1       0.13
  78        1       0.13
  79                          1       0.13
  80                          1       0.13
  81                          1       0.13
  82                          1       0.13
  83                          1       0.13
  84                          1       0.13
  85                          1       0.13
  86        1       0.13
  87                          1       0.13
  88        1       0.13
  89        1       0.13
  90                          1       0.13
  91                          1       0.13
  92                          1       0.13

  93                          1       0.13
  94                          1       0.13
  95                          1       0.13
  96                          1       0.13
  97                          1       0.13
  98                          1       0.13

  99                          1       0.13
  100                         1       0.13
  101       1       0.13
  102       1       0.13
  103       1       0.13
  104       1       0.13
  105                         1       0.13

  106       1       0.13

  107                         1       0.13
  108                         1       0.13
  109                         1       0.13
  110                         1       0.13
  111       1       0.13
  112       1       0.13
  113                         1       0.13
  114       2       0.26      8       1.04
           106     13.84     660      86.1

Table 10- Geographical Detail of Productivity

S. No.        Country         F        CF       %

1               UK           220      220      28.7
2               USA          131      351      17.1
3            Pakistan        106      457     13.84
4             Germany         91      548     11.88
5         The Netherland      89      637     11.62
6              Japan          57      694      7.41
7           Switzerland       35      729      4.57
8              Italy          13      742      1.7
9             Canada          7       749      0.91
10            Brazil          2       751      0.26
11            Ireland         2       753      0.26
12           Sri Lanka        2       755      0.26
13           Bulgaria         1       756      0.13
14            Denmark         1       757      0.13
15            Hungary         1       758      0.13
16             India          1       759      0.13
17           Indonesia        1       760      0.13
18          Kazakhstan        1       761      0.13
19             Korea          1       762      0.13
20             Nepal          1       763      0.13
21          New Zealand       1       764      0.13
22           Thailand         1       765      0.13
23            Turkey          1       766      0.13
                             766               100

S. No.    Foreig     %       Loca      %

1          220      28.7
2          131      17.1
3                            106      13.8
4           91     11.8:
5           89      11.6
6           57      7.41
7           35      4.57
8           13      1.7
9           7       0.91
10          2       0.26
11          2       0.26
12          2       0.26
13          1       0.13
14          1       0.13
15          1       0.13
16          1       0.13
17          1       0.13
18          1       0.13
19          1       0.13
20          1       0.13
21          1       0.13
22          1       0.13
23          1       0.13
           660      86.1     106     13.8.