标题：Composición y equilibrio corporal de personas con discapacidad intelectual: estudio descriptivo. [Body composition and body balance in people with intellectual disabilities: a descriptive study].
期刊名称：RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. doi:10.5232/ricyde
印刷版ISSN：1885-3137
出版年度：2016
卷号：12
期号：46
页码：398-409
语种：Spanish
出版社：Ramón Cantó Alcaraz (Publisher)
摘要：Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal y el equilibrio corporal de adultos con discapacidad intelectual. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo y comparación de resultados con valores de referencia presentados en población sin discapacidad. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 86 hombres y 36 mujeres con discapacidad intelectual con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y los 60 años. Se evaluaron el equilibrio estático, dinámico y la composición corporal mediante las pruebas del Alpha-Fit Test Battery for Adults. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos por los participantes fueron comparados con valores de referencia de personas sin discapacidad y se muestran como media y desviación típica para diferentes grupos de edad. Los análisis descriptivos mostraron que las personas con discapacidad obtuvieron resultados relacionados con un alto riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en relación a la composición corporal, presentando la mayoría de ellos sobrepeso y valores elevados de circunferencia de cintura. En relación al equilibrio, tanto en posiciones estáticas como dinámicas, los participantes presentaron resultados vinculados a una baja condición física. Conclusiones: La composición corporal y la capacidad de equilibrio de las personas con discapacidad intelectual evaluadas en el presente estudio son comparables a la de adultos mayores sin discapacidad de referencia. Abstract Purpose: To assess body composition and body balance, both static and dynamic, of adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was used. 86 men and 36 women with intellectual disabilities participated in the study (21-60 years old). The Alpha-Fit Test Battery for Adults was used to evaluate dynamic and static balance and body composition. Results: Results were compared to published reference values from people without disabilities. Results are showed as mean and standard deviation for each age group. Body composition variables of participants with intellectual disabilities were related to high risk of cardiovascular disease: Most of them presented overweight and high values of waist circumference. Relates to body balance, both static and dynamic, people with disabilities showed performances related to a very low physical condition. Conclusion: In the present study people with intellectual disabilities of any age showed results related to body composition and body balance comparable to older adults without disabilities. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04604 Referencias/references American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription . 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2010. Blomqvist, S.; Olsson, J.; Wallin, L.; Wester, A., & Rehn, B. (2013). Adolescents with intellectual disability have reduced postural balance and muscle performance in trunk and lower limbs compared to peers without intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 34 (1), 198-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.008 Bofill-Ródenas, A.M. (2010). Educación Física en personas con discapacidad intelectual: una propuesta para evaluar manifestaciones de la condición física de manera inclusiva. Educación y diversidad , 4 (2), 17-32. Carmeli, E.; Kessel, S.; Coleman, R., & Ayalon, M. (2002). Effects of a treadmill walking program on muscle strength and balance in elderly people with Down syndrome. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 57 (2), M106-M110. Carneiro, J.; Santos-Pontelli, T.; Vilaca, K.; Pfrimer, K.; Colafemina, J.; Carneiro, A., & Ferriolli, E. (2012). Obese elderly women exhibit low postural stability: a novel three-dimensional evaluation system. Clinics , 67 (5), 475-481. http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(05)12 Colné, P.; Frelut, M.L.; Pérès, G., & Thoumie, P. (2008).Postural control in obese adolescents assessed by limits of stability and gait initiation. Gait & Posture, 28 , 164-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.11.006 Corbeil, P.; Simoneau, M.; Rancourt, D.; Tremblay, A., & Teasdale, N. (2000). Motor variability latencies and postural stabilisation: A mathematical model to study the effect of obesity. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry , 108 (1-2), 214. Cuesta-Vargas, A., & Giné-Garriga, M. (2014). Development of a new index of balance in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. PLoS ONE , 9 (5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096529 Dixon-Ibarra, A.; Lee, M., & Dugala, A. (2013). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in older adults with intellectual disabilities: a comparative study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly , 30 , 1-19. Einarsson, I.O.; Ólafsson, A.; Hinriksdóttir, G.; Jóhannsson, E.; Daly, D., & Arngrímsson, S.A. (2015). Differences in physical activity among youth with and without intellectual disability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47 (2), 411-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000412 Enkelaar, L.; Smulders, E.; van SchrojensteinLantman-de Valk, H.; Geurts, A.C.H., & Weerdesteyn, V. (2012). A review of balance and gait capacities in relation to falls in persons with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 33 (1), 291-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.08.028 Enkelaar, L.; Smulders, E.; van SchrojensteinLantman-de Valk, H.;Weerdesteyn, V., &Geurts, A.C.H. (2013). Clinical measures are feasible and sensitive to assess balance and gait capacities in older persons with mild to moderate Intellectual Disabilities . Research in Developmental Disabilities , 34 (1), 276-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.014 Ganley, K.J.; Paterno, M.V.; Miles, C.; Stout, J.; Brawner, L.; Girolami, G., & Warren, M. (2011). Health-Related Fitness in Children and Adolescents. Pediatric Physical Therapy , 23 (3), 208-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e318227b3fc Hartman, E.; Smith, J.; Westendorp, M., & Visscher, C. (2015). Development of physical fitness in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 59 (5), 439-449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12142. Hilgenkamp, T.I.M.; Reis, D.; van Wijck, R., & Evenhuis, H.M. (2012). Physical activity levels in older adults with intellectual disabilities are extremely low. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33 (2), 477-483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.011 Hsieh, K.; Heller, T.; Bershadsky, J., & Taub, S. (2015). Impact of adulthood stage and social-environmental context on body mass index and physical activity of individuals with intellectual disability . Intellectual and developmental disabilities , 53 (2), 100–113. Hsieh, K.; Rimmer, J.H., & Heller, T. (2014). Obesity and associated factors in adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 58 (9), 851-863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12100 Izquierdo-Gómez, R. Martínez-Gómez, D.; Villagra, A.; Fernhall, B., & Veiga, Ó.L. (2015). Associations of physical activity with fatness and fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome: The UP&DOWN study . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36 , 428-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.022 Mikulovic, J.;Vanhelst, J.; Salleron, J.; Marcellini, A.;Compte, R.; Fardy, P.S., & Bui-Xuan, G. (2014). Overweight in intellectually-disabled population: Physical, behavioural and psychological characteristics. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 35 (1), 153-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.012 Montero-Alía, P.; Muñoz-Ortiz, L.; Jiménez-González, M.; Benedicto-Pañell, C.; Altimir-Losada, S.; López-Colomer, Y., & col. (2016). Study protocol of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of a primary care intervention using the Nintendo TM Wii console to improve balance and decrease falls in the elderly. BMC Geriatrics . Article in Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0178-x Oppewal, A.; Hilgenkamp, T.I.M.; van Wijck, R.; Schoufour, J.D., & Evenhuis, H.M. (2014). Physical fitness is predictive for a decline in daily functioning in older adults with intellectual disabilities: Results of the HA-ID study. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 35 (10), 2299-2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.027 Pérez-Tejero, J. (2009). La investigación en actividades físicas y deportes adaptados: un camino aún por recorrer. RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte , 5 (16), 1-3. Pitetti, K., Baynard, T., & Agiovlasitis, S. (2013). Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2 , 47e57. Rodríguez, L.; Nilsson, C.; Lund, R.; Montero, P.; Fernández-Ballesteros, R., & Avlund, K. (2012). Social inequality in dynamic balance performance in an early old age Spanish population: The role of health and lifestyle associated factors. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 54 (2), e139-e145. Schalock, R.L.; Borthwick-Duffy, S.A.; Bradley, V.; Buntix, W.H.E.; Coulter, M-D.; Craig, E.M., & col. (2010). Intellectual disability. Definition, classification and systems of supports . 11th Edition. Washington, D.C.: American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Suni, J.; Husu, P., & Rinne, M. (2009). Fitness for health: The ALPHA-FIT test battery for adults aged 18-69. Tester’s Manual . Tampare, Finland: Published by European Union DS, and the UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research. Teasdale, N.; Hue, O.; Marcotte, J.; Berrigan, F.; Simoneau, M.; Doré, J., & col. (2007). Reducing weight increases postural stability in obese and morbid obese men. International Journal of Obesity , 31 , 153–160. Terblanche, E., & Boer, P.H. (2013). The functional fitness capacity of adults with Down syndrome in South Africa. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 57 (9), 826-836. Tsimaras, V.K., & Fotiadou, E.G. (2004). Effect of training on the muscle strength and dynamic balance ability of adults with Down syndrome. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 18 (2), 343-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/R-12832.1 Van De Vliet, P.; Rintala, P.; Fröjd, K.; Verellen, J.; van Houtte, S.; Daly, D.J., & Vanlandewijck, Y.C. (2006). Physical fitness profile of elite athletes with intellectual disability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 16 (6), 417-425. Van Hanegem, E.; Enkelaar, L.; Smulders, E., & Weerdesteyn, V. (2014). Obstacle course training can improve mobility and prevent falls in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , 58 (5), 485-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12045.
