摘要:I report on the findings from research and literature on (a) use of symbols in mathematics, (b) algebraic/trigonometric expressions, (c) solving equations, and (d) functions and calculus. From these, some insights and implications for teaching and learning are derived. Keywords : calculus; equations; expressions; functions; learning; mathematical symbolism; teaching South African Journal of Education Vol. 28 (3) 2008: pp. 401-414