摘要：The Millennium Development Goals fo cused on poverty and development and reducing inequalities between coun- tries. 1 Progress was monitored through national averages without adequate attention to within-country inequality. The post-2015 sustainable development goals (SDG) stress "leaving no one be- hind" – with goal 10 specifically calling for the reduction of inequality, within and among countries. 2 Monitoring of inequalities within countries focuses on indicators and di- mensions of inequality that are particu- larly relevant to each country. Drawing upon the outputs of within-country inequality monitoring, policies can be tailored to be maximally effective in reducing inequalities. 3 At the same time, having comparable disaggregated data across countries is important to track within-country inequality at a regional or global level. One of the SDG targets specifically addresses the importance of disaggregated data, calling on countries to increase "…the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts."
