标题：Cognitive Styles, Demographic Attributes, Task Performance, and Affective Experiences: An Empirical Investigation into Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Core Users
摘要：As a primary digital library portal for astrophysics researchers, SAO/NASA ADS (AstrophysicsData System) 2.0 interface features several visualization tools such as Author Network and Metrics.This research study involves 20 ADS long term users who participated in a usability and eye trackingresearch session. Participants first completed a cognitive test, and then performed five tasks in ADS2.0 where they explored its multiple visualization tools. Results show that over half of the participantswere Imagers and half of the participants were Analytic. Cognitive styles were found to havesignificant impacts on several efficiency-based measures. Analytic-oriented participants were observedto spent shorter time on web pages and apps, made fewer web page changes than less-Analytic-drivingparticipants in performing common tasks, whereas AI (Analytic-Imagery) participants also completedtheir five tasks faster than non-AI participants. Meanwhile, self-identified Imagery participants werefound to be more efficient in their task completion through multiple measures including total time ontask, number of mouse clicks, and number of query revisions made. Imagery scores were negativelyassociated with frequency of confusion and the observed counts of being surprised. Compared to thosewho did not claimed to be a visual person, self-identified Imagery participants were observed tohave significantly less frequency in frustration and hesitation during their task performance. Bothdemographic variables and past user experiences were found to correlate with task performance;query revision also correlated with multiple time-based measurements. Considered as an indicatorof efficiency, query revisions were found to correlate negatively with the rate of complete with ease,and positively with several time-based efficiency measures, rate of complete with some difficulty,and the frequency of frustration. These results provide rich insights into the cognitive styles of ADS’core users, the impact of such styles and demographic attributes on their task performance theiraffective and cognitive experiences, and their interaction behaviors while using the visualizationcomponent of ADS 2.0, and would subsequently contribute to the design of bibliographic retrievalsystems for scientists.
