期刊名称：MediAzioni : Rivista Online di Studi Interdisciplinari su Lingue e Culture
电子版ISSN：1974-4382
出版年度：2010
期号：9
出版社：Università di Bologna sede di Forlì
摘要：The canonical dyadic model (Saussure 1974 [1916]; Shannon and Weaver1949; Jakobson 1960), the bedrock of many pragmatic and cognitiveframeworks of communication, assumes that meanings are produced by thesender (speaker or writer) and interpreted by the receiver (hearer or reader).However, as evidenced by any empirical conversational data, humancommunication tends be based not on dialogues but on polylogues, i.e.conversations held by more than two interlocutors, which the dyadic model failsto capture. Several authors have observed the need to distinguish moreparticipant (speaker and/or hearer) roles (Hymes 1972, 1974; Goffman 1981a[1976], 1981c [1979], 1981d; Bell 1984, 1991; Levinson 1988; Clark andCarlson 1982; Schober and Clark 1989; Clark and Schaefer 1987, 1992; Clark1996).
