摘要：The rock art expressions grouped under the designations of São Francisco Tradition and Montalvânia Complex (as they appear at Northern Minas Gerais and Southwestern Bahia) are usually attributed to people from different cultural communities. This paper discusses the similarities and contrasts between these representations regarding their temporal (relative and absolute chronologies), technical-graphical (techniques, themes, colors, associations between figures, etc) and spatial (presence in rock surface and regional shelters) aspects. The aim of the paper is to discuss if the regional stylistic variation in rock art could be more related to the communicative purposes of the groups of authors than to alleged “cultural estrangements” between those people. The rock art from a shelter located at northern Minas Gerais is used as a case study to exemplify the different production contexts, consumption and audience of the São Francisco and Montalvânia styles. This case is examined to propose that considering possible different audiences targeted by discourses transmitted through rock art can help us to better understand the diversity of that archaeological record.
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