摘要：In spite of a large volume of work on leadership variables and effectiveness there is still no convergence of opinion on development of Managerial competence through leadership. A comparative study with empirical factor analysis research work carried out in different types of organizations in the United Kingdom, supports the view that a generic model of managerial and leadership effectiveness is preferred, and the implications for HRD research and practice are discussed. Leadership programs offered by many institutions based on classical theories lack relevance to real world situations. In the present article the authors have carried out an extensive search and literature of available published material on this topic and survey though a specially designed questionnaire. Findings and conclusions can be seen in the following pages. Between prescriptive and practical models there is a large amount of divergence of opinion on Managerial competencies contributing to effectiveness of leadership depending on the ‘right choice’, ‘balance or ad-mixture’ of the leadership styles available for replication. Various success factors have been considered through review of literature for the application as generic model and the preparation of valid questionnaire. Leadership effectiveness will depend on managerial competence which is relevant for perception and application of practical styles on analysis of external and internal business environment.
关键词：Universal and Contingent Leadership Models;Competencies;Perception
