摘要：It is generally believed that Japanese English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners tend to pronounce English /si j , sɪ/ as [ʃi j , ʃɪ], such as see and sip as she and ship respectively, and these errors are typically attributed to the Japanese phonotactic constraint *[si(:)]. However, Nogita (2010) reveals that such errors are due to their misinterpretation of the spellings of and , not due to articulatory and perceptual difficulties. In this present study, I further reinforced Nogita’s (2010) argument by conducting a reading task in which 42 Japanese ESL learners read nonsense words containing and , and a spelling task in which they spelled nonsense words containing [s] and [ʃ]. In the reading task, I found their strong tendency of mispronouncing as [s], presumably because they assumed that [s] sounded more English-like. In the spelling task, they misspelled [ʃ] as more frequently than [s] as , presumably due to kunrei-shiki Japanese romanization interference. Moreover, by 29 of them, their grapheme-to-phoneme conversion and phoneme-to-grapheme conversion patterns were not consistent, indicating that they had not acquired the English GPC rules, -/s/ and -/ʃ/.
其他摘要：It is generally believed that Japanese English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners tend to pronounce English /si j , sɪ/ as [ʃi j , ʃɪ], such as see and sip as she and ship respectively, and these errors are typically attributed to the Japanese phonotactic constraint *[si(:)]. However, Nogita (2010) reveals that such errors are due to their misinterpretation of the spellings of <s> and <sh>, not due to articulatory and perceptual difficulties. In this present study, I further reinforced Nogita’s (2010) argument by conducting a reading task in which 42 Japanese ESL learners read nonsense words containing <s> and <sh>, and a spelling task in which they spelled nonsense words containing [s] and [ʃ]. In the reading task, I found their strong tendency of mispronouncing <sh> as [s], presumably because they assumed that [s] sounded more English-like. In the spelling task, they misspelled [ʃ] as <s> more frequently than [s] as <sh>, presumably due to kunrei-shiki Japanese romanization interference. Moreover, by 29 of them, their grapheme-to-phoneme conversion and phoneme-to-grapheme conversion patterns were not consistent, indicating that they had not acquired the English GPC rules, <s>-/s/ and <sh>-/ʃ/.
关键词：/s/-/ʃ/ confusion; - confusion; second language grapheme-phoneme correspondence
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