摘要：Abstract: The present work has for objective to describe, without going deep to the details, the theoretical beddings of Neo-Schumpeterian economy, evolutionist source, through its more illustrious economists. These, with the abandonment of the neoclassical economic thought, if had detached and given essential contributions for the economic and technological development, and, in a general way, for economic science. It is evident that, the theoretical and empirical advances, as well as, the determinative ones of the dynamic process of a economy are basic to define the paradigms of economic competitiveness. And, in the case I specify Brazilian, we go to argue the innovation, competitiveness and challenges in the industrial sector.
