摘要：ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the organizational and technological modernization of sugar cane agriculture and agro industry from the second half of century XX, showing the innovations adopted, this impacts in increase of the agricultural and industrial productivity, in the generation of employment in the agriculture, and its relation with the environment. This process was different in the two main producing regions, North and Northeast and Center-South, and it was not capable to equalize the social and technical development of them, persisting modern and old productive structures. Although the economic advances in recent years, the sugar cane industry continues being pointed as responsible for social and environmental problems in the producing regions, where labor law actions and civilianpublic against the activities of this sector proliferate. The increasing fiscalization of the Public prosecution service, agencies of the State, the non governmental organizations and the certifiers has induced the respect to the labor law and the collective conventions of work.
