In this study, the relationship between family factors (family cohesion and family adaptability) and cigarette smoking behaviour was investigated. The other objective of this research was exploring the moderating impact of self-efficacy on the link of family cohesion and family adaptability with cigarette smoking behaviour among Iranian youngsters in the city of Kerman. Following cluster sampling method, the data was collected from current cigarette smoking adolescents (n = 300) from 22 high schools across Kerman using self-administered questionnaires.

The Structural Equation Model was used to assess the relationship between family cohesion and family adaptability and cigarette smoking behaviour in adolescents. Also, the advanced multiple group system of Structural Equation Modelling analysis using AMOS was used to evaluate the moderating impact of self-efficacy. The findings indicated a significant negative link existed between family cohesion, family adaptability and cigarette smoking behaviour. The findings were also indicative of the existence of significant moderating function of self-efficacy regarding the effect of family adaptability and family cohesion on cigarette smoking behaviour amongst youngsters. The results contribute to the body of knowledge by introducing readers to the important roles of family environment and self-efficacy in preventing the adolescents from exhibiting cigarette smoking behaviour amongst youngsters.