摘要：Warmia and Mazury is a compound region, which today constitutes a homogenous administrative unit: Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship. Nowadays it is situated in the north-eastern part of Poland, but in the past it spread from the Lower Vistula to Niemen. In the prehistoric times the region was inhabited by Ba. t tribes, and later on Prussian tribes. In XIII century Prussian tribes were conquered by the Teutonic Order, which formed the most powerful religious state in contemporary Europe here. There was constant struggle between the Polish and the Order over the Prussian lands until 1466, when created Royal Prussia (Gdansk Pomerania, Che. mno and Micha.ów Land, Warmia bishopric, Toruń, Elbl.g and Malbork). The Grand Master moved the capital to Królewiec (Koenigsberg), and his lands were hence called Order (Teuton) Prussia. Next, in XVI c. Grand Master of the Order Albrecht Hohenzollern converted to Lutheranism, secularized the Order and converted it into a secular duchy. He made his homage in Kraków to the Polish king and Princely Prussia became a Polish fief. In 1657 Princely Prussia ceased being a Polish fief, thus initiating their rise to power. Kingdom of Prussia existing in the years 1701-1871, and next German Empire 1871-1945. East Prussia after World War II was artificially divided. The leader of the Soviet Union Stalin marked a straight line on a map to serve as boundary – but it regarded no historical or cultural criteria. From that moment, the region is divided between two countries – Poland and Russia (Kaliningrad District). After the war the process of inhabiting the land began again – settlers from central Poland were brought; Poles from eastern Borderland were settled and in 1947 Ukrainians from south-eastern Poland were displaced here.
关键词：Prussian tribes; Teutonic Order; bishopric of Warmia; Royal ; Prussia; Princely Prussia; kingdom in Prussia; Eastern Prussia; Mazury; ; Kaliningrad District; K;ajpeda District; Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship
