This is a report of anesthesia for five cases of renal transplantation which was performed between February 1969 and August 1969 at St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea. General of renal insufficiency of the operated cases were described. Operative technique were unilateral nephrectomy for three cases and bilateral nechprectomy with splenectomy for 2 cases ; Anesthesia was induced with epontol (propanidid) 250mgs i.v. and 4% halothane-oxygen and maintained with 1% halotbane-oxygen which was supplemented by nitrous oxide occasionally. 6% dextrose and lactated-Ringer's solution were infused. For transfusion, whole blood was given to replace the operative blood loss. Dextran was also used to maintain adequate blood volume. Shortly before anastomosis of renal and femoral vessels, patients were haparinized. Fluids and electrolytes balance were studied pre-and post-operatively. Preoperatively, uremia and hyperpotassemia was corrected by several hemodyalysis. Urinary output after surgery showed a marked degree of diuresis up to 1800 ml/hr until second post-operative day. The special concern of anesthesia for kidney transplantation were: 1. Patients were suffering from severe uremia and metabolic disterbances. 2. Acidosis and hyperpotassemia should be corrected before surgery by hemo-or peritoneal dialysis. 3. Immunosuppressive agents made the patient less resistant to infection. 4. Anemia and hydrops was difficult to be corrected before surgery. 5. Muscle relaxants of choice were depolarizing agents, because of impaired renal excretion.