We experienced 4,945 cases of surgical operation at the Busan National University Hospital from Jan. 1966 to Dec. 1970. The cases that expired within the first 24 hours pastoperatively, were recorded as the postoperative death in this analysis. Thus, postoperative deaths were 126 cases, comprising 2,6 per cent of all the surgical operation. Emergency operation was 119 cases and neurosurgery was 90 cases among 126 cases, Above results imply that more careful attention and efforts to every emergency and neurosurgical case were needed.