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  • 标题:Effect of Human Milk Appetite Hormones, Macronutrients, and Infant Characteristics on Gastric Emptying and Breastfeeding Patterns of Term Fully Breastfed Infants
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Zoya Gridneva ; Sambavi Kugananthan
  • 期刊名称:Nutrients
  • 电子版ISSN:2072-6643
  • 出版年度:2017
  • 卷号:9
  • 期号:1
  • 页码:15
  • DOI:10.3390/nu9010015
  • 语种:English
  • 出版社:MDPI Publishing
  • 摘要:Human milk (HM) components influence infant feeding patterns and nutrient intake, yet it is unclear how they influence gastric emptying (GE), a key component of appetite regulation. This study analyzed GE of a single breastfeed, HM appetite hormones/macronutrients and demographics/anthropometrics/body composition of term fully breastfed infants (n = 41, 2 and/or 5 mo). Stomach volumes (SV) were calculated from pre-/post-feed ultrasound scans, then repeatedly until the next feed. Feed volume (FV) was measured by the test-weigh method. HM samples were analyzed for adiponectin, leptin, fat, lactose, total carbohydrate, lysozyme, and total/whey/casein protein. Linear regression/mixed effect models were used to determine associations between GE/feed variables and HM components/infant anthropometrics/adiposity. Higher FVs were associated with faster (−0.07 [−0.10, −0.03], p < 0.001) GE rate, higher post-feed SVs (0.82 [0.53, 1.12], p < 0.001), and longer GE times (0.24 [0.03, 0.46], p = 0.033). Higher whey protein concentration was associated with higher post-feed SVs (4.99 [0.84, 9.13], p = 0.023). Longer GE time was associated with higher adiponectin concentration (2.29 [0.92, 3.66], p = 0.002) and dose (0.02 [0.01, 0.03], p = 0.005), and lower casein:whey ratio (−65.89 [−107.13, −2.66], p = 0.003). FV and HM composition influence GE and breastfeeding patterns in term breastfed infants.
  • 关键词:human milk; term breastfed infants; gastric emptying; feeding frequency; ultrasound; stomach volumes; appetite hormones; macronutrients; feed volume; anthropometrics; body composition human milk ; term breastfed infants ; gastric emptying ; feeding frequency ; ultrasound ; stomach volumes ; appetite hormones ; macronutrients ; feed volume ; anthropometrics ; body composition
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