摘要：The developments in Turkish economy indicate that energy, trade openness and financial development are critical determinants of economic growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of energy consumption, trade openness and financial development on economic growth in case of Turkey over the sample period 1980-2014. The results of unit root tests reveal that the variables are integrated at I(1). The results of ARDL bounds test and Johansen-Juselius technique reveal that there exists a long-run relationship among energy consumption per capita, trade openness, domestic credit provided by banking sector and real GDP per capita. Energy consumption and financial development have a positive impact on economic growth while there do not a statistically significant relationship between trade openness and economic growth in the long run. The VECM Granger causality results show that there exist a uni-directional causal linkage running from energy consumption, trade openness and financial development to economic growth in the long run. The empirical findings can provide several policy implications for Turkish economy over the period.
