文章基本信息

标题：Feasibility Study for The Setting Up of a Safety System for Monitoring CO2 Storage at Prinos Field, Greece
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作者：Nikolaos Koukouzas ; Panagiotis Lymperopoulos ; Alexandros Tasianas 等
期刊名称：IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
印刷版ISSN：1755-1307
电子版ISSN：1755-1315
出版年度：2016
卷号：44
期号：5
页码：052043
DOI：10.1088/1755-1315/44/5/052043
语种：English
出版社：IOP Publishing
摘要：Geological storage of CO₂ in subsurface geological structures can mitigate global warming. A comprehensive safety and monitoring system for CO₂ storage has been undertaken for the Prinos hydrocarbon field, offshore northern Greece; a system which can prevent any possible leakage of CO₂. This paper presents various monitoring strategies of CO₂ subsurface movement in the Prinos reservoir, the results of a simulation of a CO₂ leak through a well, an environmental risk assessment study related to the potential leakage of CO₂ from the seafloor and an overall economic insight of the system. The results of the simulation of the CO₂ leak have shown that CO₂ reaches the seabed in the form of gas approximately 13.7 years, from the beginning of injection. From that point onwards the amount of CO₂ reaching the seabed increases until it reaches a peak at around 32.9 years. During the injection period, the CO₂ plume develops only within the reservoir. During the post-injection period, the CO₂ reaches the seabed and develops side branches. These correspond to preferential lateral flow pathways of the CO₂ and are more extensive for the dissolved CO₂ than for the saturated CO₂ gas. For the environmental risk assessment, we set up a model, using ArcGIS software, based on the use of data regarding the speeds of the winds and currents encountered in the region. We also made assumptions related to the flow rate of CO₂. Results show that after a period of 10 days from the start of CO₂ leakage the CO₂ has reached halfway to the continental shores where the "Natura" protected areas are located. CO₂ leakage modelling results show CO₂ to be initially flowing along a preferential flow direction, which is towards the NE. However, 5 days after the start of leakage of CO₂, the CO₂ is also flowing towards the ENE. The consequences of a potential CO₂ leak are considered spatially limited and the ecosystem is itself capable of recovering. We have tried to determine the costs necessary for the creation of such an integrated CO₂ monitoring program both during the CO₂ injection phase as well as during permanent storage. The most prevalent solution consists of purchasing both seismic equipment and Echosounder systems as well as privileging a monitoring system, which uses selected boreholes. The necessary period required for monitoring the study area is at least 20 years after the end of the CO₂ storage period at Prinos. To the overall monitoring time, we should also add a further 20 years that are required for the injection phase as well as 12 years for the storage phase. The operating costs for monitoring the CO₂ amount to 0,38 $/ton CO₂ and the total cost for EOR at Prinos amounts to 0,45 $/ton CO₂.