摘要：La Roumanie était considérée en 1989, à la chute du régime communiste, comme l’Etat qui avait subi la dictature la plus féroce de tous les Etats de l’ancien bloc communiste. Le vent de la liberté de décembre 1989 va tout changer et les années qui vont suivre vont marquer une course contre la montre de récupération vis-à-vis de plusieurs « handicaps ». Le handicap le plus complexe fut sans doute celui de la démocratie. Au niveau administrativo-politique, le cadre législatif va s’inspirer du modèle européen. De nouvelles instances territoriales apparaissent après 1989 : les zones défavorisées et les Eurorégions. Néanmoins, les héritages de l’ancien système communiste produisent encore des freins, des conflits, qui entraînent un certain retard dans l’application des réformes au cours de la première décennie de démocratie roumaine postcommuniste. Les implications spatiales de la transition démocratique sont visibles à différentes échelles, la décentralisation constituant la clé de ces enjeux.
其他摘要：In 1989, when the communist political regime collapsed, Romania was considered the country that had faced the most ferocious dictatorship of the entire East – European block of communist countries. The freedom won in 1989 has induced radical changes, the post – revolution period representing a race against time in the attempt to pass over many handicaps. At the beginning, the democratic one was the most difficult of all. The enthusiasm of the electing population that took part in the free democratic elections in May 1990 gradually faded away until the next elections. This raises the following question: Isn’t democracy faulted? The Romanian transition has many specificities and it is obvious that the economic transition affects and influences the democratic one. The political class plays a major part in shaping the policies that an economy, a society must follow. The lack of political will in accomplishing the political, fiscal and economic decentralization has caused numerous delays, contradictions and endless political debates. The spatial implications of the democratic transition can be noticed at different scales even if they are not totally functional. We refer here to a political will and to the understanding of democracy, decentralization representing the key to solve out many problems, of participative democracy included. The new Romanian society relies on the new juridical and economic relations created after 1990. Liberalism has had a major impact. It is only the mentality of people and of the political class that has to undergo more changes.
