摘要：Cet article propose d’étudier la nature des relations centre/périphérie établies entre l’Union européenne et les pays de son immédiat voisinage, en mobilisant plusieurs indicateurs (échanges commerciaux, investissements directs, aides publiques au développement, migrations et remises d’épargne). Les relations avec les pays proches restent très dissymétriques. Mais l’Union n’est plus seulement un acteur économique et commercial. On constate que son influence est croissante en tant qu’acteur politique, en particulier à travers la mise en oeuvre de la politique de voisinage. Cette situation nouvelle remet en cause le traditionnel modèle centre/ périphérie appliqué l’Union européenne et aux pays proches, car la géographie qu’il dessine est fondée sur des critères exclusivement économiques. Si l’on remplace les critères économiques par des critères politiques, le statut des pays proches vis-à-vis de l’Union européenne n’est plus le même. Si l’UE apparaît comme un centre économique puissant et peu contesté dans son environnement régional, elle s’érige peu à peu en centre politique émergent. Néanmoins, elle est encore un centre incomplet car contesté et concurrencé par certains pays proches.
其他摘要：This paper analyses the relevance of the centre/periphery model applied to the relations between the European Union and the all the surrounding countries (i. e. Neighbour Countries, Russia and Western Balkans). The description of these relations is based on several indicators such as trade exchanges, foreign direct investments, official development aid, international migrations and remittances. It appears that the relations between EU and those countries remain strongly dissymmetric. But, it also appears that EU is no more only an economic and commercial centre. Its influence as a political actor has been growing since the 1990. This is particularly obvious in the case since the enforcement of the neighbourhood policy and in the political commitment of EU in the Western Balkans. This situation allows every observer of EU external relations to reconsider the traditional centre/periphery model. This model is strictly based on economic factors. This is no longer sufficient and it is no more relevant to give an interpretation of the current relations between EU and the closest countries. It is then necessary to take political factors more into consideration, along with economic ones. Then, the traditional geographical representation of EU as a dominant centre surrounded by dominated peripheries gets is less clear. On the political point of view, EU has a dominant influence only in certain regions and countries, especially on the candidate ones. In the other countries, its status as a political centre is contested and eventually denied. The paper ends with a short analyse of the newly reformed European Neighbourhood Policy. Apparently, this reform will not be sufficient to enhance the political influence of EU in all the countries of its neighbourhood.
关键词：périphérie; Union européenne; migration internationale; politique de voisinage; centre; relation économique; investissement direct étranger; aide au développement; remise d’épargne; influence politique
其他关键词：European Union; periphery; international migration; centre; neighbourhood policy; foreign investment; official development aid; remittance; political influence; economic relation
