摘要：Alfred Uchman a , Nils-Martin Hanken bc , Jesper Kresten Nielsen d , Sten-Andreas Grundvåg be & Stefan Piasecki f*a Institute of Geological Sciences Jagiellonian University , Oleandry Str. 2a, PL-30-063, Kraków , Poland b Department of Geology University of Tromsø—the Arctic University of Norway , Dramsveien 201, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway c Department of Geosciences University of Oslo , PO Box 1047 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway d MOL Norge AS Trelastgata 3 , NO-0191 Oslo, Norway e Department of Arctic Geology The University Centre in Svalbard , PO Box 156 , NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway f Geological Museum Natural History Museum of Denmark , Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark Correspondence Alfred Uchman, Alfred Uchman, Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, Oleandry Str. 2a, PL-30-063, Kraków, Poland. E-mail: alfred.uchman@uj.edu.pl Late Early Permian–lowermost Triassic carbonate, siliceous (spiculites) and clastic marine sediments in the Marmierfjellet area (Isfjorden, central Spitsbergen) contain a relatively diverse and abundant trace fossil assemblage providing important information about the depositional processes. The Vøringen Member (Late Artinskian–Kungurian) of the Kapp Starostin Formation (Late Artinskian–? Changhsingian) contains trace fossils (Nereites, Phycosiphon, Zoophycos and Arenicolites—common in tempestites) typical of the proximal–archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies, which indicates lower shoreface. Nereites, Phycosiphon and Zoophycos, accompanied by other rare trace fossils, characterize the Svenskegga and Hovtinden members of the Kapp Starostin Formation. They are interpreted as the distal Cruziana ichnofacies, possibly transitional to the Zoophycos ichnofacies typical of the lower offshore zone. However, the sporadic occurrences of Arenicolites and Macaronichnus can point to episodic shallowing to upper offshore–lower shoreface. The lowest part of the Triassic Vikinghøgda Formation (Induan–Olenekian) contains a very low-diverse ichnoassemblage composed of a few simple and branched forms ascribed to the impoverished Cruziana ichnofacies (lower to upper offshore environment), which is attributed to the early recovery stage after the Permian–Triassic extinction. The trace fossils and loss of primary sedimentary structures caused by intense bioturbation throughout most of the section point to generally oxygenated pore waters on the sea floor. However, some horizons, especially laminated black shales, display reduced or no bioturbational activity. These horizons also show high V/(V+Ni) ratios, which indicate oxygen-depleted sediments with periods of anoxic conditions. A remarkable black shale unit deposited under anoxic and sulphidic conditions occurs at the Permian–Triassic transition.
