摘要：This paper described a case-control study on cleft lip and/or palate which aimed to disclose demographic and epidemiologic risk factors. Cases in this study were defined as the infants born with cleft lip and/or palate during the study period from April, 1978 to September, 1981, who visited two specified hospitals and lived in one of five cities. Controls were randomly selected from normal infants who were born in a major hospital in each city during the study period. Controls were matched to cases, with an allocation ratio of 1 : 1, for sex, birth order, residential area, and maternal age at birth to within one year. Routine demographic and numerous epidemiologic information were collected by direct interview of the study subject's mothers at home by one interviewer. Routine statistical analysis by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was carried out on 194 cases, who comprized 55 cases with cleft lip alone, 87 with cleft lip and palate, and 52 with cleft palate alone, in comparison with 194 matched controls. Major findings are as follows: 1) A significantly elevated risk was associated with parental lower educational attainment, parental occupation of unskilled/ service workers, previous episode of artificial abortion, family history of cleft lip and/or palate, and maternal smoking habits at the first trimester, and maternal episodes at the first trimester of suffering from any diseases (common cold in particular), and of ingesting any drugs (cold remedies in particular). 2) A significantly reduced risk was linked with frequent maternal consumption at the first trimester of such animal proteins as meats, fishes and shells, eggs and milk. 3) Maternal episodes of spontaneous abortion/stillbirth, radiation exposure and frequent maternal consumption at the first trimester of fresh vegetables, fruits, Japanese tea, and black tea were not significantly associated. 4) Frequent maternal consumption of coffee at the first trimester significantly elevated the risk, but turned to be insignificant after statistical adjustment of maternal smoking habits. Causal implications were discussed on these epidemiologic factors which significantly enhanced or reduced the risk.Cleft lip and/or palate, Case-control study, Risk factors, Epidemiology, Japan
