摘要：The amphetamines, especially methamphetamine, have again become a source of widespread public concern due to the increasing number of abusers. In this context, this review is mainly concerned with biochemical toxicology of amphetamines in experimental animals in relation to behavioral changes. Recent progress in analytical methodology of amphetamines is briefly described. The metabolic fate of amphetamines is one of the major concerns of this review, thus described extensively with respect to enzymatic systems, distribution, excretion and the role of metabolites in the action of the amines. Acute toxicity of amphetamines and some factors which modify the toxicity are discussed. Teratogenic effect of amphetamines is also presented. In addition to the acute effect of amphetamines, chronic effects of the amines on brain biogenic amines, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase and receptor have been emphasized, especially in relation to discussions on tolerance and reverse tolerance. Finally, sex difference in the amphetamineinduced stereotypy, the amine-mediated damage of dopaminergic nerve terminal and amphetamine binding protein found in hypothalamus membrane are discussed.
关键词：amphetamines;metabolic fate of amphetamines;acute and chronic toxicity;teratogenicity;neurotransmitters;tolerance and reverse tolerance;tyrosine hydroxylase;tryptophan hydroxylase;receptors;sex difference
