其他摘要：This paper shows that many teachers' directions in croquis lessons are not systematic, and that the reasons students find croquis difficult are 1. inertial automatic reactions of the eye and hand, 2. vertical image of the human body, 3. symmetric image of the same, and 4. non-artistic tendency. The paper presents a program of 10 directions in three stages to overcome these difficulties and gain artistic expression. The validity of five directions has been proved in practice. However, as self-evaluations by the students were low, the paper confirms students' evaluation perspectives and investigates students' and teachers' evaluations over several years, pointing out that students often have opposite evaluations from teachers. It adds that a new type of students are appearing, for whom the program has no validity.
