期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2017
卷号：114
期号：35
页码：9308-9313
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1707215114
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Effective policing in a democratic society must balance the sometime conflicting objectives of public safety and community trust. This paper uses a formal model of optimal policing to explore how society might reasonably resolve the tension between these two objectives as well as evaluate disparate racial impacts. We do so by considering the social benefits and costs of confrontational types of proactive policing, such as stop, question, and frisk. Three features of the optimum that are particularly relevant to policy choices are explored: ( i ) the cost of enforcement against the innocent, ( ii ) the baseline level of crime rate without confrontational enforcement, and ( iii ) differences across demographic groups in the optimal rate of enforcement.
关键词：policing ; criminal justice policy ; social welfare ; deterrence
