期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：1979
卷号：76
期号：6
页码：2518-2521
DOI：10.1073/pnas.76.6.2518
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：In the northern North Atlantic off Europe, deep convection flushes buoyancy and heat out of the upper ocean each winter. It is replaced by horizontal advection during the remainder of the year. Absolute geostrophic currents can be computed from an application of the heat conservation equation. A remarkable spiral with depth emerges as a key feature in the process. The computed field of flow appears to be consistent with several buoyancy and heat flux requirements, with the independent physical information of locally vanishing curl of the wind-stress, and with its implications through the Sverdrup relation.
关键词：oceanic heat flux ; climate of Europe ; subpolar gyre advection
