摘要：This paper aims to contribute with the discussions about the sustainable exploitation of Caatinga through an updated review of such topic. The research highlights the importance of this biome, thus, proposing its potential, and also the need for its preservation and conservation. This study, more specifically, exposes the socio-economic importance of the biome, on subsistence and income generation strategies, discussing the extraction and bio-products of economic value, public policies and threats, and evaluation of its sustainable use. Thus, considering this discussion it is understood that sustainable management is a real possibility and technically proven. It is necessary an intense process of awareness and training of all involved actors through formulation of public policies that prioritize the environmental and socioeconomic reality of biome. This can be done through the generation, systematization and dissemination of information, construction of incentives adapted to the local reality and institutional strengthening as a way to guarantee the survival of the ecosystem.
