标题：Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of cadmium in blood and urine among never smoker adults aged ≥ 20–64 years and senior citizens aged ≥ 65 years
摘要：Abstract Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999–2012 were used to evaluate factors that affect observed levels of blood cadmium (BCd) and urine cadmium (UCd) among never smoker adults aged 20–64 years and senior citizens aged ≥ 65 years. Over 1999–2010, adjusted levels of BCd declined for adults aged 20–64 years (β = −0.02457, p < 0.01) and senior citizens aged ≥ 65 years (β = −0.01845, p < 0.01). For UCd, this decline was observed among never smoker adults aged 20–64 years only (β = −0.01605, p < 0.01). Adjusted BCd as well as UCd levels were found to be statistically significantly higher for female never smoker adults as well as senior citizens than male never smoker adults and senior citizens, respectively, (p < 0.01). Non-Hispanic whites had statistically significantly lower levels (p < 0.01) of BCd than non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans for adults as well as senior citizens (p < 0.01). For UCd, this association was not observed. Among adults, levels of both BCd increased with age and decreased with body mass index (p < 0.01). Dietary intake of cadmium was not found to affect the levels of either BCd or UCd.
关键词：blood cadmium ; urine cadmium ; never smoker adults ; dietary intake of cadmium
