出版社："Nicolae Titulescu" University of Bucharest, Faculty of Economic Sciences
摘要：A start-up has several options when it comes to the legal structure of the new business. The simplest business set up is as a sole trader/authorized natural person (ANP), but another popular option is a limited liability company (LLC). Each way of forming a new business has different tax consequences, as well as other implications, such as the extent of personal liability for business debts, perception to the outside world or the entrepreneur's training requirement. In this paper we will present the main differences between trading as a sole trader or a LLC in Romania, in terms of the tax consequences, administration and other non-fiscal aspects with regards to the 2017 tax year. This article contains a synthesis of the tax obligations of ANP and LLC and a few practical examples concerning the mechanism of tax optimization regarding the legal structure of the business.
关键词：authorized natural person (ANP); limited liability company (LLC); tax optimization; corporate income tax (CIT); micro-companies income tax (MIT); personal income tax (PIT); social contributions; tax on dividends
