期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2017
卷号：114
期号：45
页码：E9512-E9519
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1710702114
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The recently discovered cation-conducting channelrhodopsins in cryptophyte algae are far more homologous to haloarchaeal rhodopsins, in particular the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR), than to earlier known channelrhodopsins. They uniquely retain the two carboxylate residues that define the vectorial proton path in BR in which Asp-85 and Asp-96 serve as acceptor and donor, respectively, of the photoactive site Schiff base (SB) proton. Here we analyze laser flash-induced photocurrents and photochemical conversions in Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsin 2 ( Gt CCR2) and its mutants. Our results reveal a model in which the Gt CCR2 retinylidene SB chromophore rapidly deprotonates to the Asp-85 homolog, as in BR. Opening of the cytoplasmic channel to cations in Gt CCR2 requires the Asp-96 homolog to be unprotonated, as has been proposed for the BR cytoplasmic channel for protons. However, reprotonation of the Gt CCR2 SB occurs not from the Asp-96 homolog, but by proton return from the earlier protonated acceptor, preventing vectorial proton translocation across the membrane. In Gt CCR2, deprotonation of the Asp-96 homolog is required for cation channel opening and occurs >10-fold faster than reprotonation of the SB, which temporally correlates with channel closing. Hence in Gt CCR2, cation channel gating is tightly coupled to intramolecular proton transfers involving the same residues that define the vectorial proton path in BR.
关键词：proton transfers ; ion transport ; photocycle ; channelrhodopsins ; optogenetics
