The purposes of this study were to clarify the characteristics of physical growth and development of korean school children and to clarify the major influential items of living conditions affecting their physical growth and development. Eight hundred and thirty-five boys and 645 girls, ranging from 8 to 13 years of age, were used in this study. They were students of elementary and junior high schools in Pusan, Korea. Six physique items, 14 physial fitness items, and 52 items of living condition questionnaire, which are clasified into the status of family, home, physical exercise, play, nutrition intake and hereditary influence, were measured or surveyed. Test and measurement were administered in September to October,1987. The results were summarized as follows: 1) For the characteristics of physical growth and development of Korean school children; Fundmental motor skill tended to be at same level as growth of physique domains in both sexes.But, other domains of physical fitness, speed, muscular endurance, flexibility, endurance, balance, agility and coordination, were at a lower level than growth of physique domain in both sexes. 2) For the degree of relationships among physique domains, physical fitness domains and the items of living condition; i) The items of play and nutrition intake were found to be considerably important variables influencing physical growth of school children. ii) The items of physical exercise, play and nutrition intake were found to be considerably important variables influencing physical development of school children. 3) For the degree of relationships among physique domains, physical fitness domains and the status of living condition; i) From the averaged correlation estimated by coefficient of concordance, play was the most important variable influencing physical growth. ii) Play was also the most important variable influencing physical development of boys, but for girl, physical exercise was the most important variable influencing physical development. 4) For the degree of contributions of living condition to physique domains and physical fitness domains; Physical exercise showed the highest multiple correlation and degree of contributions with physical growth and development.