期刊名称：URISA Journal - Urban and Regional Information Systems Association
印刷版ISSN：1045-8077
出版年度：2017
卷号：28
出版社：Urban and Regional Information Systems
摘要：Individuals and organizations, software and hardware combine to create an ecosystem in which infomediaries interactwith government and its constituents. These infomediaries engage in the production and dissemination of either governmentgeneratedor citizen-sourced data, which we collectively call civic data. We argue that infomediaries not only play a role in thevaluation of civic data but are involved in data’s various transformations before it reaches the end-user, whether citizen or government.We selected five Canadian municipal applications that used civic data. Drawing on qualitative interview data of appdevelopers and government, we characterize each app’s ecosystem, the collective of interconnected human and non-human actorswithin the app’s development cycle. Variations in characteristics of apps such as data source, data user, sectoral type, and reasonsgoverning appification display different landscapes of influence on civic data creation. Actors in the ecosystem exert control overthe structure and form of civic data, such as data hosting, data modification, and representational transforms. Ultimately, thecivic data app ecosystem reflects a model of government as a platform, and serves as a caution to current and future governmentofficials wishing to transform civic data into apps.
