摘要：During the loading of real machine in operational conditions undergo the machine parts deformations. If the deformation is in elastic area, after unloading the shape of machine element comes back to its original state. In case, the loading level crosses yield point, the machine part undergoes plastic deformations and the relations describing material behavior are changed. In that case in real structures hardening of material occurs and the deformation is irreversible. Such behavior is described by models of material hardening. In principle, there exist three types of such models - isotropic hardening, kinematic hardening, and mixture of previous two, combined hardening.
关键词：elastic member; material hardening; stress analysis; deformation; finite element method
